Global technologies for the removal of water scaling & water recovery - Department of Energy (DOE) USA

In this paper, we reported the current technologies of water scaling removal and also water recovery from the flue gases, which are funded by Department of Energy (DOE), USA. Globally, water resources are limited due to the climate change. The potential impacts of climate change is food and water shortages. In the $21^{st}$ century, water shortages and pollution are expected to become more acute as populations grow and concentrate in cities. At present, the water stress increases over 62.0 ~ 75.8% of total water basin area and decreases over 19.7 ~ 29.0%. Many renewable energy sources demand secure water resources. Water is critical for successful climate change mitigation, as many efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions depend on reliable access to water resources. Water hardness is one of the major challenge to coal power plants. Department of energy (DOE) funded and encouraged for the development of advanced technologies for the removal of hardness of water (scaling) and also water recovery from the flue gases from coal power plants.