Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2013.18.1.037

The Change of Near Point of Convergence and Fusional Reserves after Computer Gaming with Different Direction of Eye Movement  

Kim, Se Il (Dept. of Optometry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology)
Kwon, Ki-Il (Dept. of Optometry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology)
Lee, Jiye (Dept. of Optometry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology)
Lee, Hyo Jin (Dept. of Optometry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology)
Park, Mijung (Dept. of Optometry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology)
Kim, So Ra (Dept. of Optometry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society / v.18, no.1, 2013 , pp. 37-43 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: The present study was conducted to investigate whether the directions of eye movement in playing computer games for certain period affected the change of near point of convergence (NPC) and fusional reserve (FR) or not. Methods: Total 40 subjects in 20s who have the visual acuity of 1.0 or higher without any ocular disease and accommodative dysfunction were asked to successively play computer games. After the subjects were moving eyes in horizontal and vertical directions for 40 and 90 minutes, their horizontal fusional reserves, vertical fusional vergence and near point of convergence were measured. Results: The near point of convergence showed a tendency to be receded after computer gaming in the horizontal and vertical directions, and both of horizontal and vertical fusional reserves were significantly reduced. The range of declined fusional reserves and receded near point of convergence after computer gaming for 90 minutes was smaller than those after computer gaming for 40 minutes. The change of binocular vision was affected by the horizontal eye movement rather than the vertical movement when analyzed by the direction of eye movement. Conclusions: This study revealed that the change in FR and NPC was different along with dominant direction of eye movement during visual display terminal (VDT) tasks. Therefore, the adjustment of VDT working time is required to prevent the dysfunction of binocular vision according to the dominant direction of eye movement during VDT task.
Keywords
VDT Tasks; Direction of eye movement; Near point of convergence; Negative fusional reserve; Positive fusional reserve; Infravergence; Supravergence;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Korea communications commission. Survey reveals changing patterns of smartphone use in Korea, 2011. http://www.kcc.go.kr/user.do?boardId=1042&page=P05030000&dc=K05030000&boardSeq=31596&mode=view(Dec 21, 2012).
2 Yoo JS, Yoon JW, Kim JH. Influence of VDT work on accommodative function. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 1992;33(7):693-697.
3 Emoto M, Nojiri Y, Okano F. Changes in fusional vergence limit and it's hysteresis after viewing stereoscopic TV. Displays. 2004;25(2-3):67-76.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Gang MJ, Choe OM. The investigation of the changes of visual problems in VDT workers. J Korean Soc Vision Sci. 2001;3(2):219-228.
5 Seo YW, Choe YJ. Visual problems and refractive error at video display terminals. J Korean Oph Opt Soc. 1998;3(1):75-86.
6 Tatsukawa Y, Nanba T, Suematsu O, Setoguchi N, Tabuchi A. Immediate effects of horizontal/vertical eye movements playing personal computer games on visual function. Kawasaki Univ Med Welfare. 2005;14(2):313-321.
7 Kwon K-I, Woo JY, Park M, Kim SR. The change of accommodative function by the direction of eye movements during computer game. J Korean Oph Opt Soc. 2012;17(2): 177-184.
8 Sung PJ. Optometry, 7th Ed. Seoul: Daehakseorim. 2011;190.
9 Hokoda SC, Ciufreda KJ. Theoretical and clinical importance of proximal vergence and accommodation. In: Schor CM, Ciufreda KJ, eds. Vergence eye movements: basic and clinical aspects. 1st Ed. Boston: Butterworth- Heinemann, 1983:75-98.
10 American Optometric Association. Care of the patient with accommodative and vergence dysfunction, 2nd Ed. St. Louis(MO): American Optometric Association. 2010;1-90.
11 Shin JA, Lee OJ. Relationship between subjective symptoms with near work and binocular function. J Korean Oph Opt Soc. 2007;12(3):125-130.
12 Konz S. Work/rest: part I-Guidelines for the practitioner. Int J Ind Ergonom. 1998;22(1): 67-71.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Konz S. Work/rest: part II-The scientific basis (knowledge base) for the guide. Int J Ind Ergonom. 1998;22(1):73-99.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Balci R, Aghazadeh F. The effect of work-rest schedules and type of task on the discomfort and performance of VDT users. Ergonomics. 2003;46(5):455-465.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Smith MJ, Stammerjohn LW. Job stress in VDT operation ergonomic aspects of VDT, Gradjean E, Vigliani E ed. New York: Taylor & Francis, 1982;201-210.
16 Goldman DS. VDTs and the visual stress syndrome; a continuing would wide problem. Southcon Conf Rec. 1985;5(1):19.3.1-19.3.5.
17 Yamamoto S. Visual, musculoskeletal & neuropsychological health complaints of workers using VDT & an occupational health guideline. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 1987;31(1):171-183.
18 Oh JE, Ki KO. Contemporary consumer's product consumption experiences: a comparison between the two leading brands of smart phone. J Korean Home Economics Assc. 2012;50(1):141-154.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Korea communications commission. Statistical data: wired and wireless communication device production value in Korea, 2012. http://www.kcc.go.kr/user.do?mode=view&page=P02060400&dc=K02060400&boardId=1030&board-Seq=36007(March 10, 2013).
20 The Korea Broadcasting System. No. of smartphone users Tops 30 min, 2012. http://world.kbs.co.kr/english/news/news_Ec_detail.htm?No=92645&id=Ec(Nov 27, 2012).