Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5143/JESK.2004.23.1.049

Analysis of Differences in Attention Allocation Patterns between Expert and Novice Pilots  

Park, Sang-Su (고려대학교 대학원 산업시스템정보공학과)
Kim, Gi-U (고려대학교 대학원 산업시스템정보공학과)
Myeong, No-Hae (고려대학교 대학원 산업시스템정보공학과)
Publication Information
Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea / v.23, no.1, 2004 , pp. 49-63 More about this Journal
Abstract
In this study. differences in attention allocation patterns between expert and novIce pilots were investigated by a verbal protocol when pilots were engaged in a task during the instrument flight. Ten pilots including experts and novices were participated to conduct a pre-determined task(a fix-to-fix) on F-5E Cockpit Procedure Trainer Simulator. Experts show better performance as expected with more stable variations in speed. altitude. and attitude. In attention allocation patterns. novices allocated about 83% of attentional resources on the primary instruments (airspeed indicator. altitude indicator. and attitude) relating to the task of the basic flight while experts spent 57%. This difference in the availability of attentional resources allowed expert pilots to accomplish the task better than novices. In other words. training a pilot should consider a program for building up wider instrument scanning patterns to become an expert in a shorter time.
Keywords
attention allocation; verbal protocol; instrument flight;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Bainbridge, L., (1999), Verbal Reports as Evidence of the Process Operator's Knowledge, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 51(2), 223-238
2 Ball. T.. Langholtz: H. V., Auble, J. and Sopchak, B., (1998), Resource -Allocation Strategies : A Verbal Protocol Analysis, Organization Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 76(1), 70-88
3 Bellenkes, A. H., Wickens. C. D. and Kramer, A. F., (1997), Visual Scanning and Pilot Expertise, Aviation. Space. and Environment Medicine, 68(7), 569-579
4 Branch, J. L., (2001). Junior High Students and Think Aloud Generating Information-Seeking Process Data using Concurrent Verbal Protocols , Library & Information Science Research. 23(2), 107-122
5 Donnelly, D. M.. Noyes, J. M. and Johnson, D. M., (1997). Decision Making on the Flight Deck, Colloquium Digest-lEE. No. 366, 10.20-10.49
6 Egan, D. E., (1998), Individual Differences in Human-Computer Interaction, In M. Helander, (Ed) , Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction, Elsevier Science Publisher
7 Ericsson, K. A., (1994), Expert Performance Its Structure and Acquisition, The American Psychological Association. 49(8). 725-747
8 Ericsson. K. A. and Lehmann. A. C.. (1996), Expert and Exceptional Performance : Evidence of Maximal adaptation to task constraints. Annual Review of Psychology. 47. 273-305
9 Adams, M. J., Tenney, Y. J. and Pew, R. W.. (1989), Situation Awareness and the Cognitive Management of Complex System, Human Factors, 37(1), 85-104
10 Jennings. C.. Alter. K. W.. Barrows. A. K.. Enge, P. and Powell J. David.. (1999), 3-D Perspective Displays for Guidance and Traffic Awareness. Proceeding of ION-CPS
11 Kasarskis. P.. Stehwien. J,. Hickox. J. and Aretz. A.. (2001). Comparison of Expert and Novice Scan Behaviors During VFR Flight. The lith International Symposium on Aviation Psychology Columbus
12 Kleiner. B. M. and Drury. C. G.. (1998). The Use of Verbal Protocols to Understand and Design Skill -Based Tasks. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing. 8-(1), 23-39
13 Lansdown. T. C.. (2002), Individual differences during driver secondary task performance: verbal protocol and visual allocation findings. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 34(5). 655-662
14 Sonnentag. S. and Lange. I.. (2002), The Relationship between High Performance and Knowledge about How to Master Cooperation Situations. Applied Cognitive Psychology. 16(5). 491-508
15 Taneia. N., (2002), Human Factors in Aircraft Accidents: A Holistic Approach to Intervention Strategies. The Proceedings of the 46th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. No.7
16 Wickens. Ch. D. and Hollands. J. G.. (2000). Engineering psychology and human performance. 3rd Edition(pp. 69-106). Prentice Hall : New Jersey.
17 Harrison. D, A.. Mclaughlin. M. E. and Coalter. T. M.. (1996). Context. Cognition. and Common Method Variance Psychometric and Verbal Protocol Evidence, Organization Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 68(3), 246-261
18 Wiegman. D. and Goh. J.. (2000). Visual Flight Rules (VFR) Flight into Adverse Weather : An Empirical Investigation of Factors Affecting Pilot Decision Making. The Federal Aviation Administration under Award No. DTFA 00-G-010
19 Goh. J. and Wiegmann. D. . (2001) . Visual Flight Rules (VFR) Flight into Instrumental Meteorological Conditions (IMC) : A review of the Accident Data. The 11th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology
20 Hawkins. F. H.. (1993). Human Error. In H. W. Orladv(Ed). Human Factors in Flight. (pp. 27-56). Ashgate Publishing Company. Brookfield