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http://dx.doi.org/10.7780/kjrs.2021.37.3.9

Comparison of Multi-angle TerraSAR-X Staring Mode Image Registration Method through Coarse to Fine Step  

Lee, Dongjun (Department of Geoinformation Engineering, Sejong University)
Kim, Sang-Wan (Department of Energy Resources and Geosystems Engineering, Sejong University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Remote Sensing / v.37, no.3, 2021 , pp. 475-491 More about this Journal
Abstract
With the recent increase in available high-resolution (< ~1 m) satellite SAR images, the demand for precise registration of SAR images is increasing in various fields including change detection. The registration between high-resolution SAR images acquired in different look angle is difficult due to speckle noise and geometric distortion caused by the characteristics of SAR images. In this study, registration is performed in two stages, coarse and fine, using the x-band SAR data imaged at staring spotlight mode of TerraSAR-X. For the coarse registration, a method combining the adaptive sampling method and SAR-SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) is applied, and three rigid methods (NCC: Normalized Cross Correlation, Phase Congruency-NCC, MI: Mutual Information) and one non-rigid (Gefolki: Geoscience extended Flow Optical Flow Lucas-Kanade Iterative), for the fine registration stage, was performed for performance comparison. The results were compared by using RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) and FSIM (Feature Similarity) index, and all rigid models showed poor results in all image combinations. It is confirmed that the rigid models have a large registration error in the rugged terrain area. As a result of applying the Gefolki algorithm, it was confirmed that the RMSE of Gefolki showed the best result as a 1~3 pixels, and the FSIM index also obtained a higher value than 0.02~0.03 compared to other rigid methods. It was confirmed that the mis-registration due to terrain effect could be sufficiently reduced by the Gefolki algorithm.
Keywords
SAR; SAR registration; TerraSAR-X; Non-rigid; Optical flow;
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