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http://dx.doi.org/10.7780/kjrs.2019.35.6.1.10

A Study on Classifying Sea Ice of the Summer Arctic Ocean Using Sentinel-1 A/B SAR Data and Deep Learning Models  

Jeon, Hyungyun (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University)
Kim, Junwoo (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University)
Vadivel, Suresh Krishnan Palanisamy (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University)
Kim, Duk-jin (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Remote Sensing / v.35, no.6_1, 2019 , pp. 999-1009 More about this Journal
Abstract
The importance of high-resolution sea ice maps of the Arctic Ocean is increasing due to the possibility of pioneering North Pole Routes and the necessity of precise climate prediction models. In this study,sea ice classification algorithms for two deep learning models were examined using Sentinel-1 A/B SAR data to generate high-resolution sea ice classification maps. Based on current ice charts, three classes (Open Water, First Year Ice, Multi Year Ice) of training data sets were generated by Arctic sea ice and remote sensing experts. Ten sea ice classification algorithms were generated by combing two deep learning models (i.e. Simple CNN and Resnet50) and five cases of input bands including incident angles and thermal noise corrected HV bands. For the ten algorithms, analyses were performed by comparing classification results with ground truth points. A confusion matrix and Cohen's kappa coefficient were produced for the case that showed best result. Furthermore, the classification result with the Maximum Likelihood Classifier that has been traditionally employed to classify sea ice. In conclusion, the Convolutional Neural Network case, which has two convolution layers and two max pooling layers, with HV and incident angle input bands shows classification accuracy of 96.66%, and Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.9499. All deep learning cases shows better classification accuracy than the classification result of the Maximum Likelihood Classifier.
Keywords
Sentinel-1 A/B; sea ice; thermal noise; Deep Learning; classification;
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