Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2017.38.2.149

The Effects of Parent-Adolescent Communication and Friendship Quality on Adolescent Happiness  

Yun, Kibong (Child & Family Research Institute, Ewha Womans University)
Doh, Hyun-Sim (Department of Child Development & Intervention, Ewha Womans University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Child Studies / v.38, no.2, 2017 , pp. 149-164 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine the direct effects of parent-adolescent communication and its indirect effects through adolescent friendship quality on happiness among both middle and high school students. Methods: Participants in this study were 1,126 adolescents (667 middle school students and 459 high school students) in Seoul and Gyoung-gi Do. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires for adolescents, which included measures of parent-adolescent communication, friendship quality and happiness. Data were analyzed by t-tests, correlations, and SEM using SPSS 22.0 and Mplus 6.0. Results: For middle school students, father-adolescent communication had direct and indirect effects on happiness. However, mother-adolescent communication did not directly or indirectly affect adolescent happiness. Specifically, only father-adolescent communication had an significant indirect effect through friendship quality on adolescent happiness. For high school students, father-adolescent communication had direct effects on happiness, while mother-adolescent communication had significant indirect effects on adolescent happiness via friendship quality. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of parent-adolescent communication and friendship quality in predicting adolescent happiness with differences in direct and indirect paths between middle and high school students. These findings emphasize the role of parent-adolescent communication and friendship quality in developing programs to improve the happiness of adolescents.
Keywords
happiness; parent-adolescent communication; friendship quality;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118   DOI
2 Hussong, A. M. (2000). Perceived peer context and adolescent adjustment. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 10(4), 391-415.   DOI
3 Else-Quest, N. M., Clark, R., & Owen, M. T. (2011). Stability in mother-child interactions from infancy through adolescence. Parenting: Science and Practice, 11(4), 280-287. doi:10.1080/15295192.2011.613724   DOI
4 Seong, B. H., & Yoon, S.-A. (2010). Definition of happiness and its determinants. Journal of Brain Education, 6, 103-134. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A82537334
5 Song, M.-R., & Han, G. B. (2015). Effects of parenting attitudes perceived by science high schoolers on subjective well-being: Mediating roles of academic self-efficacy and peer relationships. Journal of Korean Youth Studies, 22(4), 93-111. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A102951706
6 Suh, E., & Koo, J. (2011). A Concise Measure of Subjective Well-Being (COMOSWB): Scale development and validation. The Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 25(1), 96-113. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A100629775
7 Bagwell, C. L., & Schmidt, M. E. (2013). Friendships in childhood and adolescence. New York: Guilford Press.
8 Yum, Y. S., Kim, K. M., & Lee, S. W. (2016). The research of Korean child well-being index and it's international comparison with other OECD countries (Report No. 2016-8). Retrieved from The Korea Bhang Jeong Hwan Foundation website: http://www.korsofa.org
9 Amato, P. R. (1994). Father-child relations, mother-child relations, and offspring psychological well-being in early adulthood. Journal of Marriage & the Family, 56, 1031-1042. doi:10.2307/353611   DOI
10 Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-423. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411   DOI
11 Ben-Arieh, A. (2007). Measuring and monitoring the well-being of young children around the world. Paper commissioned for the EFA Global Monitoring Report 2007, Strong foundations: Early childhood care and education. Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001474/147444e.pdf
12 Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238-246. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238   DOI
13 Bojanowska, A., & Zalewska, A. M. (2016). Lay understanding of happiness and the experience of well-being: Are some conceptions of happiness more beneficial than others? Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(2), 793-815. doi:10.1007/s10902-015-9620-1   DOI
14 Yoo, H. K. (2014). The path model analysis of variables influencing subjective well-being of youth (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T13486891
15 Sung, E.-K. (2006). Attachment style and best friend relationship quality in late adolescents (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T11006121
16 Sung, E., & Kim, G. (2013) The structural relationships analysis among happiness, personal traits, and environmental traits of adolescents using the structural equation modeling. Studies on Korean Youth, 24(4), 177-202. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A99829150
17 Yang, S.-E. (2005). A phenomenological study on the mothers' experiences with children preparing a college entrance examination. Journal of Korean Home Management Association, 23(2), 49-61. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A100455644
18 Yoo, J. (2015, May). The subjective happiness of Korean children: Social, economic, and culture context implications. In B. J. Lee (Chair), 2015 Subjective child well-being indicators of Korean children: International comparisons and implications from Asian perspectives. Symposium conducted a the BK21 plus of Seoul University, Seoul Korea.
19 Smetana, J. G. (2008). 'It's 10 o'clock: Do you know where your children are?' Recent advances in understanding parental monitoring and adolescents' information management. Child Development Perspectives, 2(1), 19-25. doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2008.00036.x   DOI
20 Simpkins, S. D., Bouffard, S., Dearing, E., Kreider, H., Wimer, C., Caronongan, P., & Weiss, H. B. (2009). Adolescent adjustment and patterns of parents' behaviors in early and middle adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 19(3), 530-557. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2009.00606.x   DOI
21 Steinberg, L., & Morris, A. S. (2001). Adolescent development. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 83-110. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.83   DOI
22 Stolz, H. E., Barber, B. K., & Olsen, J. A. (2005). Toward disentangling fathering and mothering: An assessment of relative importance. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67(4), 1076-1092. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00195.x   DOI
23 Suldo, S. M., & Huebner, S. (2004). The role of life satisfaction in the relationship between authoritative parenting dimensions and adolescent problem behavior. Social Indicators Research, 66(1), 165-195. doi:10.1023/B:SOCI.0000007498.62080.1e   DOI
24 Youniss, J., & Ketterlinus, R. D. (1987). Communication and connectedness in mother- and father-adolescent relationships. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16(3), 265-280. doi:10.1007/BF02139094   DOI
25 Jung, T. Y. (2015). Mediating effects of peer attachment on relations among parenting attitudes and parent-child communication types perceived by high school students and school adjustment. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 22(8), 253-279. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A102950699
26 Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.
27 Laursen, B., & Collins, W. A. (2004). Parent-child communication during adolescence. In A. L. Vangelisti & A. L. Vangelisti (Eds.), Handbook of family communication (pp. 333-348). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
28 Larson, R. W., Moneta, G., Richards, M. H., & Wilson, S. (2002). Continuity, stability, and change in daily emotional experience across adolescence. Child Development, 73(4), 1151-1165. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00464   DOI
29 Updegraff, K. A., McHale, S. M., Crouter, A. C., & Kupanoff, K. (2001). Parents' involvement in adolescents' peer relationships: A comparison of mothers' and fathers' roles. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(3), 655-668. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00655.x   DOI
30 Veneziano, R. A. (2000). Perceived paternal and maternal acceptance and rural African American and European American youths' psychological adjustment. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62(1), 123-132. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00123.x   DOI
31 Kim, I. S., & Hong, H. Y. (2016). The effects of parental psychological control on subjective happiness of high school students: Focusing on the mediating effect of social problem solving ability. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 23(1), 53-75. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A102952446
32 Kim, B.-I., & Lee, I. (2013). The relationship between parental empathy and happiness perceived by adolescents: Mediating effects of self-acceptance. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 20(6), 195-218. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A102952123
33 Kim, C. S. (2009). A study of determinants of happiness on adolescents. Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 14(3), 649-665. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A100632172   DOI
34 Kim, G. S. (2011). Amos 18.0 structural equation modeling analysis. Seoul: Hannarae.
35 Kim, J. M., & Lee, Y. (2010). The effects of parent-adolescent communication, emotional intelligence and parentification on the psychological well-being of adolescents. Journal of Korean Home Management Association, 28(3), 13-26. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A100456135
36 Kim, M. J., & Bang, H. J. (2012). The relationship between attachment and subjective well-being in middle school students: The difference between implicit and explicit attachment. The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology, 17(4), 597-621.
37 Kim, S., & Baek, H.-J. (2008). The construction of Korean youth happiness index. Korean Journal of Sociology, 42(6), 140-173. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A76242203
38 McGill, R. K., Way, N., & Hughes, D. (2012). Intra- and interracial best friendships during middle school: Links to social and emotional well-being. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 22(4), 722-738. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2012.00826.x   DOI
39 Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 111-135). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
40 Ma, C. Q., & Huebner, E. S. (2008). Attachment relationships and adolescents' life satisfaction: Some relationships matter more to girls than boys. Psychology in the Schools, 45(2), 177-190. doi:10.1002/pits.20288   DOI
41 Montemayor, R., & Brownlee, J. R. (1987). Fathers, mothers, and adolescents: Gender-based differences in parental roles during adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16(3), 281-91. doi:10.1007/BF02139095   DOI
42 Mplus (Version 6.0) [Computert software]. Los Angeles, CA: Muthen & Muthen.
43 Ozdemir, Y. (2014). Parent-adolescent conflict and depression symptoms of adolescents: Mediator role of self-esteem. Dusunen Adam: Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 27(3), 211-220. doi:10.5350/DAJPN2014270304
44 Piko, B. F., & Hamvai, C. (2010). Parent, school and peer-related correlates of adolescents' life satisfaction. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(10), 1479-1482. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.07.007   DOI
45 Cui, M., Conger, R. D., Bryant, C. M., & Elder, G. H. (2002). Parental behaviors and the quality of adolescent friendships: A social-contextual perspective. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(3), 676-689. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00676.x   DOI
46 Burk, W., & Laursen, B. (2005). Adolescent perceptions of friendship and their associations with individual adjustment. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29(2), 156-164. doi:10.1080/01650250444000342   DOI
47 Cheng, H., & Furnham, A. (2002). Personality, peer relations, and self-confidence as predictors of happiness and loneliness. Journal of Adolescence, 25(3), 327-339. doi:10.1006/jado.2002.0475   DOI
48 Collins, W. A., & Russell, G. (1991). Mother-child and father-child relationships in middle childhood and adolescence: A developmental analysis. Developmental Review, 11(2), 99-136. doi:10.1016/0273-2297(91)90004-8   DOI
49 Demir, M., Achoui, M., & Simonek, J. (2015). I am so happy 'cause my best friend is there for me when things go right: Friendship and happiness among emerging adults in Algeria and Slovakia. In M. Demir, H. Orthel-Clark, M. Ozdemir, & S. B. Ozdemir (Eds.), Friendship and happiness: Across the life-span and cultures (pp. 305-319). New York: Springer Science.
50 Demir, M., Ozdemir, M., & Weitekamp, L. A. (2007). Looking to happy tomorrows with friends: Best and close friendships as they predict happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 8(2), 243-271. doi:10.1007/s10902-006-9025-2   DOI
51 Doorn, M. M., Branje, S. S., & Meeus, W. J. (2011). Developmental changes in conflict resolution styles in parent-adolescent relationships: A four-save longitudinal study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(1), 97-107. doi:10.1007/s10964-010-9516-7   DOI
52 Choi, Y.-J., & Yoo, G.-S. (2007). Effects of parent-adolescent communication, adolescent's self-esteem and strategies in peer conflict situations on satisfaction with peer relationships among Korean adolescents. Journal of Korean Home Management Association, 25(3), 59-75. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A100455747
53 Raboteg-Saric, Z., & Sakic, M. (2014). Relations of parenting styles and friendship quality to self-esteem, life satisfaction and happiness in adolescents. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 9(3), 749-765. doi:10.1007/s11482-013-9268-0   DOI
54 Ree, G., Andresen, S., & Bradshaw, J. (Eds.). (2016). Children's vies on their lives and well-being in 16 countries: A report on the children's worlds survey of children aged eight years old, 2013-15. York, UK: Children's Worlds Project (ISCWeB).
55 Ahn, N.-Y., & You, Y.-D. (2013). The relationships between perceived parents-adolescents communication and adolescents' depression/happiness: Focused on the mediation effect of negative automatic thoughts. Korean Journal of Counseling, 14(5), 3201-3215. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A99838447   DOI
56 Chae, K. S., & Hwang, H. J. (2014). The relationship among parent-child communication types and children's perceived happiness. Journal of Korean Hyo Studies, 20, 159-190. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A100492569
57 Cho, S., Kim, H., & Kim, M. (2011). Adolescent' life satisfaction in the ecological context. Family and Environment Research, 49(3), 87-98. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A82601227
58 Sandvik, E., Diener, E., & Seidlitz, L. (1993). Subjective well-being: The convergence and stability of self-report and non-self-report measures. Journal of Personality, 61(3), 317-342. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb00283.x   DOI
59 Rice, K. G., & Mulkeen, P. (1995). Relationships with parents and peers: A longitudinal study of adolescent intimacy. Journal of Adolescent Research, 10(3), 338-357. doi:10.1177/0743554895103003   DOI
60 Rodriguez, S. S., Perez-Brena, N. N., Updegraff, K. K., & Umana-Taylor, A. A. (2014). Emotional closeness in Mexican-origin adolescents' relationships with mothers, fathers, and same-sex friends. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(12), 1953-1968. doi:10.1007/s10964-013-0004-8   DOI
61 Shek, D. T., Lee, B. M., Lee, T. Y., & Lam, C. M. (2006). Frequency, satisfaction and quality dimensions of perceived parent-adolescent communication among Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 18(2), 259-270. doi:10.1515/IJAMH.2006.18.2.259   DOI
62 Shek, D. T. L. (1998). A longitudinal study of the relations between parent-adolescent conflict and adolescent psychological well-being. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 159(1), 53-67. doi:10.1080/00221329809596134   DOI
63 Shulman, S., Laursen, B., Kalman, Z., & Karpovsky, S. (1997). Adolescent intimacy revisited. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 26(5), 597-617. doi:10.1023/A:1024586006966   DOI
64 Koo, J. G., & Hwang, J. S. (2007). The influence of family, school and mass media environment on adolescent's ego identity. Korea Journal of Counseling, 8(4), 1623-1636. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A99779984   DOI
65 Choi, Y.-S., & Son, E.-Y. (2015). Relationships with other people, academic achievement and life satisfaction in youth: The comparison about the gender and grade. Korea Journal of Counseling, 16(2), 233-247. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A100516998
66 Hwang, H.-J., & Kim, E.-G. (2015). The perception of Korean secondary school students on happiness and career guidance. Korean Education Inquiry, 33(2), 21-37. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A100570516
67 Jo, E. (2014). The effects of perceived social support on happiness of the children and young people: Focused on children and young people from low-income families. Forum for Youth Culture, 37, 103-126. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A99917007   DOI
68 Kim, Y. H., & Kang, M. H. (2008). Relationships among children's happiness, personality types and parents-child communication patterns. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 29(6), 35-54. Retrieved from http://www.childstudies.org/current/index.php?vol=29&no=6
69 Kim, Y., & Sim, H. (2000). Influences of communication with parents, relations with teachers and intramural/extramural activities on peer relationships. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 21(4), 159-175. Retrieved from http://www.childstudies.org/
70 Kwon, J. K., & Yang, M. H. (2014). A study on the profile analysis of adolescents' happiness. The Korea Educational Review, 20(3), 201-227. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A100237882
71 Lee, H.-J., & Lee, Y.-J. (2005). An impact of adolescent' perception of mother-adolescent communication on self-esteem and depression. Korea Journal of Counseling, 6(1), 197-209. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A99779810
72 Lee, J. S., & Kim, E. J. (2013). The effects of children's temperament, parent-child communication styles, and peer relationships on children's happiness. Korean Journal of Human Ecology, 22(5), 433-445. doi:10.5934/kjhe.2013.22.5.433   DOI
73 Heller, S. R., Robinson, L. C., Henry, C. S., & Plunkett, S. W. (2006). Gender differences in adolescent perceptions of parentadolescent openness in communication and adolescent empathy. Marriage & Family Review, 40(4), 103-122. doi:10.1300/J002v40n04_06   DOI
74 Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. doi:10.2307/3151312   DOI
75 Flouri, E., & Buchanan, A. (2003). The role of father involvement and mother involvement in adolescents' psychological well-being. British Journal of Social Work, 33(3), 399-406. doi:10.1093/bjsw/33.3.399   DOI
76 Gray, R., Chamratrithirong, A., Pattaravanich, U., & Prasartkul, P. (2013). Happiness among adolescent students in Thailand: Family and non-family factors. Social Indicators Research, 110(2), 703-719. doi:10.1007/s11205-011-9954-y   DOI
77 Harris, K. M., Furstenberg, F. F., & Marmer, J. (1998). Paternal involvement with adolescents in intact families: The influence of fathers over the life course. Demography, 35(2), 201-216. doi:10.2307/3004052   DOI
78 Holder, M. D., & Coleman, B. (2009). The contribution of social relationships to children's happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10(3), 329-349. doi:10.1007/s10902-007-9083-0   DOI
79 Min, H. Y. (1992). The relation between juvenile delinquency and parent-adolescent communication, family cohesion and adaptability. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 13(1), 112-124. Retrieved from http://www.childstudies.org/
80 Lee, K.-S. (2011). The factors associated with the longitudinal individual changes in adolescents' school maladjustment over time. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 18(12), 131-155. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A102951875