Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2016.37.4.31

The Effects of Parental Psychological Control and Boys and Girls' Rejection Sensitivity on Relational Aggression in Elementary School Students  

Lee, Kyung Mi (Department of Child & Family Studies, Yonsei University)
Park, Ju Hee (Department of Child & Family Studies, Yonsei University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Child Studies / v.37, no.4, 2016 , pp. 31-46 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objective: This study examined the influences of maternal and paternal psychological control and children's rejection sensitivity on relational aggression in elementary school students, and investigated whether children's rejection sensitivity mediated the relation of parental psychological control and relational aggression. Methods: The participants of this study were 596 fifth to sixth graders from seven elementary schools located in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi province. To measure the research variables, the Peer Conflict Scale (Marsee, Kimonis, & Frick, 2004), the Psychological Control Scale (Barber, 1996) and the Children's Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (Downey, Lebolt, $Rinc\acute{o}n$, & Freitas, 1998) were used. The data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and t -tests. Also, structure equation model (SEM) were used to examine the mediating role of rejection sensitivity. Results: The results of this study were as follows. First, the level of paternal psychological control increased the level of children's relational aggression whereas the level of maternal psychological control had no significant effect on it. In addition, the level of rejection sensitivity had a significant positive influence on the level of relational aggression. These tendencies were observed on both boys and girls. Second, only for boys, rejection sensitivity in upper elementary school students partially mediated the relation between paternal psychological control and relational aggression. Also, for both boys and girls, rejection sensitivity completely mediated the relation between maternal psychological control and relational aggression. Conclusion: In conclusion, the higher the level of paternal psychological control, the higher the level of children's rejection sensitivity, and subsequently the higher the level of their relational aggression.
Keywords
relational aggression; parental psychological control; rejection sensitivity;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Ayduk, O., May, D., Downey, G., & Higgins, E. T. (2003). Tactical differences in coping with rejection sensitivity: The role of prevention pride. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(4), 435-448. doi:10.1177/0146167202250911   DOI
2 Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
3 Barber, B. K. (1996). Parental psychological control: Revisiting a neglected construct. Child Development, 67(6), 3296-3319. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01915.x   DOI
4 Barber, B. K., Olsen, J. A., & Shagle, S. C. (1994). Associations between parental psychological and behavioral control and youth internalized and externalized behaviors. Child Development, 65(4), 1120-1136. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00807.x   DOI
5 Biller, H. B., & Kimptom, J. L. (1997). The father and the schoolaged child. In M. E. Lamb (Ed.), The role of the father in child development (3rd ed., pp. 143-161). New York: Wiley & Sons.
6 Blakely-McClure, S. J., & Ostrov, J. M. (2016). Relational aggression, victimization and self-concept: Testing pathways from middle childhood to adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(2), 376-390. doi:10.1007/s10964-015-0357-2   DOI
7 Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Separation, anxiety and anger (Vol. 2). New York, NY: Basic Books.
8 Casas, J. F., Weigel, S. M., Crick, N. R., Ostrov, J. M., Woods, K. E., JansenYeh, E. A., & Huddleston-Casas, C. A. (2006). Early parenting and children's relational and physical aggression in the preschool and home contexts. Applied Developmental Psychology, 27(3), 209-227. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2006.02.003   DOI
9 Chang, L., Schwartz, D., Dodge, K. A., & McBride-Chang, C. (2003). Harsh parenting in relation to child emotion regulation and aggression. Journal of Family Psychology, 17(4), 598-606. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.17.4.598   DOI
10 Clark, C. M., Dahlen, E. R., & Nicholson, B. C. (2015). The role of parenting in relational aggression and prosocial behavior among emerging adults. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 24(2), 185-202. doi:10.1080/10926771.2015.1002653   DOI
11 Crick, N. R., & Grotpeter, J. K. (1995). Relational aggression, gender, and social‐psychological adjustment. Child Development, 66(3), 710-722. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1131945   DOI
12 Crick, N. R., Bigbee, M. A., & Howes, C. (1996). Gender differences in children's normative beliefs about aggression: How do I hurt thee? Let me count the ways. Child Development, 67(3), 1003-1014. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01779.x   DOI
13 Crick, N. R., Grotpeter, J. K., & Bigbee, M. A. (2002). Relationally and physically aggressive children's intent attributions and feelings of distress for relational and instrumental peer provocations. Child Development, 73(4), 1134-1142. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00462   DOI
14 Curran, P. J., West, S. G., & Finch, J. (1996). The robustness of test statics to non-normality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 1(1), 16-29. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.1.1.16   DOI
15 Dodge, K. A., & Somberg, D. R. (1987). Hostile attributional biases among aggressive boys are exacerbated under conditions of threats to the self. Child Development, 58(1), 213-224. doi:10.2307/1130303   DOI
16 Downey, G., & Feldman, S. I. (1996). Implications of rejection sensitivity for intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(6), 1327-1343. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.6.1327   DOI
17 Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York, NY: Norton.
18 Downey, G., Irwin, L., Ramsay, L., & Ayduk, O. (2004). Rejection sensitivity and girls’ aggression. Girls and Aggression, 19, 7-25.   DOI
19 Downey, G., Khouri, H., & Feldman, S. I. (1997). Early interpersonal trauma and later adjustment: The mediational role of rejection sensitivity. Developmental Perspectives on Trauma: Theory, Research, and Intervention, 8, 85-114. Retrieved from http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1997-36663-003
20 Downey, G., Lebolt, A., Rincón, C., & Freitas, A. L. (1998). Rejection sensitivity and children's interpersonal difficulties. Child Development, 69(4), 1074-1091. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06161.x   DOI
21 Erozkan, A. (2009). Rejection sensitivity levels with respect to attachment style, gender, and parenting style. Social Behavior and Personality, 37(1), 1-14. doi:10.2224/sbp.2009.37.1.1   DOI
22 French, D. C., Jansen, E. A., & Pidada, S. (2002). United States and Indonesian children's and adolescents' reports of relational aggression by disliked peers. Child Development, 73(4), 1143-1150. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00463   DOI
23 Gaertner, A. E., Rathert, J. L., Fite, P. J., Vitulano, M., Wynn, P. T., & Harber, J. (2010). Sources of parental knowledge as moderators of the relation between parental psychological control and relational and physical/verbal aggression. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19(5), 607-616. doi:10.1007/s10826-009-9345-z   DOI
24 Jin, R., & Lee, Y. (2014). The relationship between chinese parets' reaction to children's negative emotions and children's understanding of emotions. Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts, 4(2), 109-126. doi:10.5723/csac.2014.4.2.109   DOI
25 Marshall, N. A., Arnold, D. H., Rolon-Arroyo, B., & Griffith, S. F. (2015). The Association between relational aggression and internalizing symptoms: A review and meta-analysis. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 34(2), 135-160. doi:10.1521/jscp.2015.34.2.135   DOI
26 Kuppens, S., Laurent, L., Heyvaert, M., & Onghena, P. (2013). Associations between parental psychological control and relational aggression in children and adolescents: A multilevel and sequential meta-analysis. Developmental Psychology, 49(9), 1697-1712. doi:10.1037/a0030740   DOI
27 Luebbe, A. M., Bump, K. A., Fussner, L. M., & Rulon, K. J. (2014). Perceived maternal and paternal psychological control: Relations to adolescent anxiety through deficits in emotion regulation. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 45(5), 565-576. doi:10.1007/s10578-013-0425-3   DOI
28 Marsee, M. A., Frick, P. J., Barry, C. T., Kimonis, E. R., Muñoz Centifanti, L. C., & Aucoin, K. J. (2014). Profiles of the forms and functions of self-reported aggression in three adolescent samples. Development and Psychopathology, 26(3), 705-720. doi:10.1017/S0954579414000339   DOI
29 McEachern, A. D., & Snyder, J. (2012). Gender differences in predicting antisocial behaviors: Developmental consequences of physical and relational aggression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40(4), 501-512. doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9589-0   DOI
30 Nelson, D. A., & Crick, N. R. (2002). Parental psychological control: Implications for childhood physical and relational aggression. In B. K. Barber (Ed.), Intrusive parenting: How psychological control affects children and adolescents (pp. 161-189). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/10422-006
31 Reed, T. J., Goldstein, S. E., Morris, A. S., & Keyes, A. W. (2008). Relational aggression in mothers and children: Links with psychological control and child adjustment. Sex Roles, 59(1), 39-48. doi:10.1007/s11199-008-9423-5   DOI
32 Nelson, D. A., Hart, C. H., Yang, C., Olsen, J. A., & Jin, S. (2006). Aversive parenting in China: Associations with child physical and relational aggression. Child Development, 77(3), 554-572. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00890.x   DOI
33 Nelson, D. A., Yang, C., Coyne, S. M., Olsen, J. A., & Hart, C. H. (2013). Parental psychological control dimensions: Connections with russian preschoolers' physical and relational aggression. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 34(1), 1-8. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2012.07.003   DOI
34 Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879-903. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879   DOI
35 Rogers, K. N., Buchanan, C. M., & Winchell, M. E. (2003). Psychological control during early adolescence: Links to adjustment in differing parent/adolescent dyads. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 23(4), 349-383. doi:10.1177/0272431603258344   DOI
36 Sijtsema, J. J., Shoulberg, E. K., & Murray-Close, D. (2011). Physiological reactivity and different forms of aggression in girls: Moderating roles of rejection sensitivity and peer rejection. Biological Psychology, 86(3), 181-192. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.11.007   DOI
37 Stickle, T. R., Marini, V. A., & Thomas, J. N. (2012). Gender differences in psychopathic traits, types, and correlates of aggression among adjudicated youth. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40(4), 513-525. doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9588-1   DOI
38 Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Nesdale, D., Webb, H. J., Khatibi, M., & Downey, G. (2016). A longitudinal rejection sensitivity model of depression and aggression: Unique roles of anxiety, anger, blame, withdrawal and retribution. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44, 1-17. doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0127-y   DOI
39 Wilson, S., & Durbin, C. E. (2013). Mother-child and fatherchild dyadic interaction: Parental and child bids and responsiveness to each other during early childhood. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 59(3), 249-279. doi:10.1353/mpq.2013.0018   DOI
40 Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Nesdale, D., McGregor, L., Mastro, S., Goodwin, B., & Downey, G. (2013). Comparing reports of peer rejection: Associations with rejection sensitivity, victimization, aggression, and friendship. Journal of Adolescence, 36(6), 1237-1246. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.10.002   DOI
41 Byun, E. S. (2015). The effect of emotional abuse on children's overt and relational aggression: Mediation effect of rejection sensitivity (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T13708142
42 Chang, K. M. (2011). The influences of parental autonomy support and psychological control perceived by the elementary school children on their self-esteem and school adjustment. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 18(2), 243-261.
43 Han, N., & Lee, S.-Y. (2015). Parental psychological control and relational aggression in adolescents: Mediation effects of family triangulation and negative approval-based selfappraisals. The Korean Journal of Developmental Psychology, 28(4), 181-203. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Article/NODE06591029
44 Han, Y. K. (2008). The relation of psychological variables to relational aggression in early adolescence (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T11390100
45 Jeon, H.-R., & Lee, J.-Y. (2014). The effect of mother's psychological control on children's peer relationships: The mediator effect of rejection sensitivity and internalized shame. Journal of the Korea Institute of Youth Facility and Environment, 12(2), 5-18. Retrieved from http://www.earticle.net
46 Hong, S. H., & Lee, K. Y. (2013). The mediating effects of children’s peer rejection sensitivity and hostility attribution on the relationship between peer victimization and aggression. Asian Journal of Education, 14(2), 283-315.   DOI
47 Hur, Y.-R. (2006). A review of fathering behavior in childrearing. Education Review, 26(1), 97-116. Retrieved from http://scholar.dkyobobook.co.kr
48 Hyun, J. E. (2010). The relationship among perceived parental psychological control, social anxiety and relational aggression of middle school students (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://riss.kr/link?id=T11925901
49 Jeon, S.-Y. (2007). The effect of mother's psychological control, children's behavioral autonomy an self control on children's problems behavior. Journal of Korean Home Management Association, 25(4), 169-179. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr
50 Kang, E. Y. (2013). The relationship between rejection sensitivity and aggression: Mediating effects of cognitive emotional regulation strategy (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T13040845
51 Kim, K. A., & Kweon, H. S. (2015). The relations between parental psychological control and relational aggression: Mediating effects of social evaluative anxiety and angerin. The Korea Journal of Youth Counseling, 23(1), 139-156. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr
52 Kim, S.-M., & Hong, S.-H. (2014). The mediating effects of emotional identification and expression abilities on the relationships between children’s rejection sensitivity and aggression. The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling, 13(4), 409-429.
53 Lee, Y., & Lim, J. (2011). Parents and peer attachment in relation to automatic thought of adolescents. The Journal of Korean Home Economics Education, 23(4), 35-48. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr
54 Lee, H., & Park, J. H. (2014). The effects of parental psychological control and cognitive emotion regulation on relational aggression amongst middle school students. Studies on Korean Youth, 25(3), 233-258. doi:10.14816/sky.2014.08.74.233   DOI
55 Lee, J. H. (2012). The effect of parental psychological control on adolescents peer relationship: The mediating effect of relational aggression (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T12889339
56 Lee, S. J., & Lee, Y. H. (2010). Influence of father-child interaction types and paternal control strategies on children’s selfcontrol ability. Journal of Future Early Childhood Education, 17(4), 99-118.
57 Ministry of Education. (2014). A research on the bullying at school. Retrieved from http://www.moe.go.kr/
58 Park, J. Y., & Chong, Y. S. (2008). Constructions of rejective situations for Korean children. The Korean Journal of Developmental Psychology, 21(2), 15-37. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr
59 Park, W.-R., & Hong, S.-H. (2015). Exploration of the path children's rejection sensitivity to relational aggression: A sequential mediation effect of emotional regulation, jealousy and envy. The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling, 14(1), 1-23. Retrieved from http://www.earticle.net
60 Seo, M. (2011). A meta-analysis of the gender differences and variables related to overt and relational aggression in children and adolescents. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 32(3), 143-162.   DOI
61 Seo, M.-J. (2012). Subtypes of changes in overt and relational aggression and predictors of high-risk trajectories in children. Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare, 38, 157-186.