Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7474/TUS.2022.32.1.030

Review of Erosion and Piping in Compacted Bentonite Buffers Considering Buffer-Rock Interactions and Deduction of Influencing Factors  

Hong, Chang-Ho (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute)
Kim, Ji-Won (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute)
Kim, Jin-Seop (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute)
Lee, Changsoo (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute)
Publication Information
Tunnel and Underground Space / v.32, no.1, 2022 , pp. 30-58 More about this Journal
Abstract
The deep geological repository for high-level radioactive waste disposal is a multi barrier system comprised of engineered barriers and a natural barrier. The long-term integrity of the deep geological repository is affected by the coupled interactions between the individual barrier components. Erosion and piping phenomena in the compacted bentonite buffer due to buffer-rock interactions results in the removal of bentonite particles via groundwater flow and can negatively impact the integrity and performance of the buffer. Rapid groundwater inflow at the early stages of disposal can lead to piping in the bentonite buffer due to the buildup of pore water pressure. The physiochemical processes between the bentonite buffer and groundwater lead to bentonite swelling and gelation, resulting in bentonite erosion from the buffer surface. Hence, the evaluation of erosion and piping occurrence and its effects on the integrity of the bentonite buffer is crucial in determining the long-term integrity of the deep geological repository. Previous studies on bentonite erosion and piping failed to consider the complex coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical behavior of bentonite-groundwater interactions and lacked a comprehensive model that can consider the complex phenomena observed from the experimental tests. In this technical note, previous studies on the mechanisms, lab-scale experiments and numerical modeling of bentonite buffer erosion and piping are introduced, and the future expected challenges in the investigation of bentonite buffer erosion and piping are summarized.
Keywords
High-level radioactive waste; Deep geological disposal; Compacted bentonite buffer; Groundwater; Erosion; Piping;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Abend, S., and Lagaly, G., 2000, Sol-gel transitions of sodium montmorillonite dispersions, Applied clay science 16(3-4), 201-227.   DOI
2 Alonso, E.E., Gens, A., and Josa, A., 1990, A constitutive model for partially saturated soils, Geotechnique, 40(3), 405-430.   DOI
3 Alonso, E.E., Vaunat, J., and Gens, A., 1999, Modelling the mechanical behaviour of expansive clays, Engineering Geology, 54(1-2), 173-183.   DOI
4 ASTM D4647/D4647M-13, Standard Test Methods for Identification and Classification of Dispersive Clay Soils by the Pinhole Test.
5 Navarro, V., Yustres, A., Asensio, L., De la Morena, G., Gonzalez-Arteaga, J., Laurila, T., and Pintado, X., 2017, Modelling of compacted bentonite swelling accounting for salinity effects, Engineering Geology, 223, 48-58.   DOI
6 Neretnieks, I., and Moreno, L., 2018a, Revisiting bentonite erosion understanding and modelling based on the BELBaR project findings, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, TR 17-12, Svensk Karnbranslehantering AB.
7 Neretnieks, I., and Moreno, L., 2018b, Some Mechanisms that Influence Bentonite Erosion in a KBS-3 Repository-an Exploratory Study, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, TR 18-13, Svensk Karnbranslehantering AB.
8 Neretnieks, I., Liu, L., and Moreno, L., 2009, Mechanisms and models for bentonite erosion, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, TR 09-35, Svensk Karnbranslehantering AB.
9 Neretnieks, I., Moreno, L., and Liu, L., 2017, Clay erosion: impact of flocculation and gravitation, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, TR 16-11, Svensk Karnbranslehantering AB.
10 Pont, A., Coene, E., and Idiart, A., 2020, Bentonite erosion project. Preliminary study for the numerical simulation of bentonite erosion, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, P 20-16, Svensk Karnbranslehantering AB.
11 Kim, M.S., Jeon, J.S., Kim, M.J., Lee, J.W., and Lee, S.R., 2019, A multi-objective optimization of initial conditions in a radioactive wasterepository by numerical thermo-hydro-mechanical modeling, Computers and Geotechnics, 114, 103-106.
12 Garcia-Garcia, S., Wold, S., and Jonsson, M., 2007, Kinetic determination of critical coagulation concentrations for sodium-and calcium-montmorillonite colloids in NaCl and CaCl2 aqueous solutions, Journal of colloid and interface science, 315(2), 512-519.   DOI
13 Ishii, T., Kawakubo, M., Kobayashi, I., and Niibori, Y., 2020, Experimental approach for understanding the dynamic behaviors of bentonite buffer piping erosion, Mechanical Engineering Journal, 7(3), 19-00469.
14 Karnland, O., and Birgersson, M., 2006, Montmorillonite stability With special respect to KBS-3 conditions, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, TR 06-11, Svensk Karnbranslehantering AB.
15 Birgersson, M., Borgesson, L., Hedstrom, M., Karnland, O., and Nilsson, U., 2009, Bentonite erosion. Final report, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, TR 09-34, Svensk Karnbranslehantering AB.
16 Schatz, T., Alonso, U., Missana, T., Reid, C., Friedrich, F., Rinderknecht, F., and Koskinen, K., 2016, Benchmarking Exercise of Clay Erosion in Artificial Fracture Tests, BELBaR Final Workshop, 3rd February 2016, Berlin, Germany.
17 Yoon, S., Jeon, J.S., Go, G.H., and Kim, G.Y., 2020, An Evaluation of Soil-Water Characteristic Curve Model for Compacted Bentonite Considering Temperature Variation. Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society, 36(10), 33-39.   DOI
18 Lavina, M., Idiart, A., Molinero, J., and Casas, G., 2018, Development, testing and application of alternative models for bentonite expansion and erosion, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, TR 17-13, Svensk Karnbranslehantering AB.
19 Liu, L. and Neretnieks, I., 2006, Physical and chemical stability of the bentonite buffer, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, R 06-103, Svensk Karnbranslehantering AB.
20 Madsen, F.T. and Muller-Vonmoos, M., 1989, The swelling behaviour of clays, Applied Clay Science, 4(2), 143-156.   DOI
21 Schatz, T., Kanerva, N., Martikainen, J., Sane, P., Olin, M., Seppala, A., and Koskinen, K., 2013, Buffer erosion in dilute groundwater, Posiva Oy, No. POSIVA-12-44.
22 Suzuki, K., Asano, H., Yahagi, R., Kobayashi, I., Sellin, P., Svemar, C., and Holmqvist, M., 2013, Experimental investigations of piping phenomena in bentonite-based buffer materials for an HLW repository, Clay Minerals, 48(2), 363-382.   DOI
23 Vilks, P., and Miller, N.H., 2010, Laboratory bentonite erosion experiments in a synthetic and a natural fracture, Nuclear Waste Management Organization, TR-2010-16.
24 Kobayashi, A., Yamamoto, K., and Momoki, S., 2008, Characteristics of strength for hydraulic fracturing of buffer material, Soils and foundations, 48(4), 467-477.   DOI
25 Jansson, M., 2009, Bentonite erosion. Laboratory studies, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, TR 09-33, Svensk Karnbranslehantering AB.
26 Karnland, O., Birgersson, M., and Hedstrom, M., 2011, Selectivity coefficient for Ca/Na ion exchange in highly compacted bentonite, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 36, 1554-1558.   DOI
27 Kim, J., Ryoo, R., Lee, J., Song, D., Lee, Y.J., and Jun, H.B., 2016, Study on major mineral distribution characteristics in groundwater in South Korea, Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, 38(10), 566-573.   DOI
28 Baik, M.H., Lee, J.O., and Cho, W.J., 2005, A Study on the Erosion of Bentonite Buffer Material of the Engineered Barrier System, KAERI technical report, KAERI/TR-3061/2005, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute.
29 Alonso, U., Missana, T., Gutierrez, M.G., Morejon, J., Mingarro, M., and Fernandez, A.M., 2019, CIEMAT studies within POSKBAR project, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, TR 19-08, Svensk Karnbranslehantering AB.
30 Amadei, B. and Stephansson, O., 1997, Rock Stress and Its Measurement, Chapman and Hall.
31 Borgesson, L., Hedstrom, M., Birgersson, M., and Karnland, O., 2018, Bentonite swelling into fractures at conditions above the critical coagulation concentration, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, TR 17-11, Svensk Karnbranslehantering AB.
32 Borgesson, L., Sanden, T., Falth, B., Akesson, M., and Lindgren, E., 2005, Studies of buffers behaviour in KBS-3H concept. Work during 2002-2004, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, R 05-50, Svensk Karnbranslehantering AB.
33 Goh, R., Leong, Y.K., and Lehane, B., 2011, Bentonite slurries-zeta potential, yield stress, adsorbed additive and time-dependent behaviour, Rheologica acta, 50(1), 29-38, 2011.   DOI
34 Moreno, L., Liu, L., and Neretnieks, I., 2011, Erosion of sodium bentonite by flow and colloid diffusion, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 36(17-18), 1600-1606.   DOI
35 Liu, L., Moreno, L., and Neretnieks, I., 2009, A dynamic force balance model for colloidal expansion and its DLVO-based application, Langmuir, 25(2), 679-687.   DOI
36 Islam, M. N., Bunger, A.P., Huerta, N., and Dilmore, R., 2019, Bentonite extrusion into near-borehole fracture, Geosciences, 9(12), 495.   DOI
37 Hedstrom, M., Hansen, E.E., and Nilsson, U., 2016, Montmorillonite phase behaviour, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, TR 15-07, Svensk Karnbranslehantering AB.
38 Lagaly, G. and Ziesmer, S., 2003, Colloid chemistry of clay minerals: the coagulation of montmorillonite dispersions, Advances in colloid and interface science, 100, 105-128.   DOI
39 Lee, C., Cho, W.J., Kim, J. S., and Kim, G.Y., 2020, Penetration of Compacted Bentonite into the Discontinuity in the Excavation Damaged Zone of Deposition Hole in the Geological Repository, Tunnel and Underground Space, 30(3), 193-213.   DOI
40 Liu, L., 2013, Prediction of swelling pressures of different types of bentonite in dilute solutions, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 434, 303-318.   DOI
41 Reid, C., Lunn, R., El Mountassir, G., and Tarantino, A., 2015, A mechanism for bentonite buffer erosion in a fracture with a naturally varying aperture, Mineralogical Magazine, 79(6), 1485-1494.   DOI
42 Navarro, V., Asensio, L., Yustres, A., De la Morena, G., and Pintado, X., 2016, Swelling and mechanical erosion of MX-80 bentonite: Pinhole test simulation, Engineering Geology, 202, 99-113.   DOI
43 Navarro, V., Asensio, L., Yustres, A., Pintado, X., and Alonso, J., 2014, An elastoplastic model of bentonite free swelling, Engineering Geology, 181, 190-201.   DOI
44 Pusch, R., 1983, Stability of Bentonite Gels in Crystalline Rocks: Physical Aspects, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, TR 83-04, Svensk Karnbranslehantering AB.
45 Richards, T., 2010, Particle clogging in porous media. Filtration of a smectite solution, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, TR 10-22, Svensk Karnbranslehantering AB.
46 Wang, Z., Zhao, B., and Royal, A.C.D., 2017, Investigation of Erosion of Cement-Bentonite via Piping, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 2017, 1762042.
47 Pintado, X., Adesola, F., and Turtiainen, M., 2013, Downscaled tests on buffer behaviour, Posiva Oy, No. POSIVA-WR-12-100.
48 Sanden, T., Borgesson, L., Dueck, A., Goudarzi, R., and Lonnqvist, M., 2008, Deep repository - Engineered barrier system. Erosion and sealing processes in tunnel backfill materials investigated in laboratory, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, R 08-135, Svensk Karnbranslehantering AB.
49 Borgesson, L. and Sanden, T., 2006, Piping and erosion in buffer and backfill materials. Current knowledge, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, R 06-80, Svensk Karnbranslehantering AB.
50 Sellin, P., and Sundman, D., 2011, Bentonite Erosion: effects on the Long term performance of the engineered Barrier and Radionuclide transport, EURATOM Project presentation.
51 Sane, P., Laurila, T., Olin, M., and Koskinen, K., 2013, Current status of mechanical erosion studies of bentonite buffer, Posiva Oy, No. POSIVA-12-45.
52 Lee, J.O., Lee, M., and Choi, H., 2015, Establishing the Concept of Buffer for a High-level Radioactive Waste Repository: An Approach, Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology, 13(4), 283-293.   DOI