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The State of the Technology: Application of Cementitious Materials to Deep Repository Tunnels for Radioactive Waste Disposal  

Kim, Jin-Seop (한국원자력연구원 방사성폐기물기술개발부)
Kwon, Sang-Ki (한국원자력연구원 방사성폐기물기술개발부)
Cho, Won-Jin (한국원자력연구원 방사성폐기물기술개발부)
Cho, Gye-Chun (카이스트(KAIST) 건설 및 환경공학과)
Publication Information
Tunnel and Underground Space / v.19, no.5, 2009 , pp. 373-387 More about this Journal
Abstract
Considering the current construction technology and research status of deep repository tunnels for radioactive waste disposal, it is inevitable to use cementitious materials in spite of serious concern about their long-term environmental stability. Thus, it is an emerging task to develop low pH cementitious materials. This study reviews the state of the technology on low pH cements developed in Sweden, Switzerland, France, and Japan as well as in Finland which is constructing a real deep repository site for high-level radioactive waste disposal. Considering the physical and chemical stability of bentonite which acts as a buffer material, a low pH cement limits to $pH{\leq}11$ and pozzolan-type admixtures are used to lower the pH of cement. To attain this pH requirement, silica fume, which is one of the most promising admixtures, should occupy at least 40 wt% of total dry materials in cement and the Ca/Si ratio should be maintained below 0.8 in cement. Additionally, selective super-plasticizer needs to be used because a high amount of water is demanded from the use of a large amount of silica fume.
Keywords
Radioactive waste disposal; Low-pH cement; Silica fume; Grout; Silica sol;
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