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http://dx.doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2008.10.4.158

Population Phenology and an Early Season Adult Emergence model of Pumpkin Fruit Fly, Bactrocera depressa (Diptera: Tephritidae)  

Kang, Taek-Jun (National Horticultural Research Institute, RDA)
Jeon, Heung-Yong (National Horticultural Research Institute, RDA)
Kim, Hyeong-Hwan (National Horticultural Research Institute, RDA)
Yang, Chang-Yeol (National Horticultural Research Institute, RDA)
Kim, Dong-Soon (Faculty of Bioscience and Industry, College of Applied Life Science, Cheju National University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology / v.10, no.4, 2008 , pp. 158-166 More about this Journal
Abstract
The pumpkin fruit fly, Bactrocera depressa (Tephritidae: Diptera), is one of the most important pests in Cucurbitaceae plants. This study was conducted to investigate the basic ecology of B. depressa, and to develop a forecasting model for predicting the time of adult emergence in early season. In green pumpkin producing farms, the oviposition punctures caused by the oviposition of B. depressa occurred first between mid- and late July, peaked in late August, and then decreased in mid-September followed by disappearance of the symptoms in late September, during which oviposition activity of B. depressa is considered active. In full-ripened pumpkin producing farms, damaged fruits abruptly increased from early Auguest, because the decay of pumpkins caused by larval development began from that time. B. depressa produced a mean oviposition puncture of 2.2 per fruit and total 28.8-29.8 eggs per fruit. Adult emergence from overwintering pupae, which was monitored using a ground emergence trap, was first observed between mid- and late May, and peaked during late May to early June. The development times from overwintering pupae to adult emergence decreased with increasing temperature: 59.0 days at $15^{\circ}C$, 39.3 days at $20^{\circ}C$, 25.8 days at$25^{\circ}C$ and 21.4 days at $30^{\circ}C$. The pupae did not develop to adult at $35^{\circ}C$. The lower developmental threshold temperature was calculated as $6.8^{\circ}C$ by linear regression. The thermal constant was 482.3 degree-days. The non-linear model of Gaussian equation well explained the relationship between the development rate and temperature. The Weibull function provided a good fit for the distribution of development times of overwintering pupae. The predicted date of 50% adult emergence by a degree-day model showed one day deviation from the observed actual date. Also, the output estimated by rate summation model, which was consisted of the developmental model and the Weibull function, well pursued the actual pattern of cumulative frequency curve of B. depressa adult emergence. Consequently, it is expected that the present results could be used to establish the management strategy of B. depressa.
Keywords
Pumpkin fruit fly; Bactrocera depressa; Pumpkin fruit; Temperature-dependent development; Phenology model;
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