Browse > Article

Chemical Properties of Rainwater in Suwon and Taean Area during Farming Season  

Lee Jong Sik (농업과학기술원 환경생태과)
Jung Goo Bok (농업과학기술원 환경생태과)
Shin Joung Du (농업과학기술원 환경생태과)
Kim Jin Ho (농업과학기술원 환경생태과)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology / v.6, no.4, 2004 , pp. 250-255 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the chemical properties of rainwater in the Suwon and Taean areas. Rainwater was collected during the farming seasons of 2002 and 2003. The number of samples collected in Suwon and Taean were 69 and 71, respectively. These were analyzed for chemical composition. The pH of samples collected in April was higher than those collected after June. The most common range of rainwater pH was 5.0-5.6 in Suwon and 4.5-5.0 in Taean during investigation periods. The neutralization capacity of rainwater acidity by $Ca^{2+}$ and N $H_4$$^{+}$ was decreased during the rainy season. The EC of rainwater was lower during the rainy season. Cation concentrations in rainwater were N $H_4$$^{+}$ > $H^{+}$ > $Ca^{2+}$ > $Mg^{2+}$ > $K^{+}$ in Suwon and $Ca^{2+}$ > N $H_4$$^{+}$ > $H^{+}$ > $K^{+}$ > $Mg^{2+}$ in Taean. In the case of anion, the order was sol > N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ > C $I^{[-10]}$ in Suwon and S $O_4$$^{2-}$ > C $I^{[-10]}$ > N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ in Taean. The mean values of sulfate in rainwater were 130 $\mu$eq $L^{-1}$ in Suwon and 117 $\mu$eq $L^{-1}$ in Taean. The ratio of non-sea salt sulfate to sulfate (nss-S $O_4$$^{2-}$ > S $O_4$$^{2-}$) was 89% and 88%. This implies that the major origin of sulfate in rainwater might be anthropogenic.ht be anthropogenic..
Keywords
Rainwater; Acidity; Chemical composition; nss-$SO_4$(non-sea salt sulfate);
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Brackley, P., 1990: The greenhouse effect and global warming. World Guide to Environmental Issues and Organizations, Longman Current Affairs, 52-65
2 Cha, B. J., 1996: Effect of simulated acid rain treatment on the germination rate and the Phytophtora rot of Capicum annum. Korean J. of Environmental Agriculture 15(2),207-216. (in Korean with English abstract)
3 Galloway, J. N., D. Zhao, J. Xiong, and G. E. Likens, 1987: Acid rain: China, United States, and a remote area, Science 236, 1559-1562   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
4 Park, J. K., and S. Y. Cho, 1998: A long range transport of $SO_{2}$ and sulfate between Korea and east China. Atmospheric Environment 32(16), 2745-2756
5 Taniyama, T., and H. Saito, 1981: Effects of acid rain on apparent photosynthesis and grain yield of wheat, barley and rice plant. Rept. Environmental Sci. Mie Univ. 6, 87-101
6 Takuya, K., K. Yoshishisa, and N. Keiichi, 1992: The effects of simulated acid rain on the uptake of mineral elements in soybean plants. J. Agr. Met. 48(1), 11-18
7 UNEP, 2004: Global Environment Outlook, www.unep.or.kr/highlight/
8 Farman, J. C., 1990: Ozone depletion. World Guide to Environmental Issues and Organizations, Longman Current Affairs, 125-132
9 Lee, J. S., B. Y. Kim, K. D. Woo, and G. B. Jung, 1993: Study on histological pertubations of leaves of sesame after exposure to simulated acid rain. J. of Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 26(4), 308-313. (in Korean with English abstract)
10 Volker, A. M., 1988: The challenge of acid rain. Scientific American 259(2), 14-22
11 Johnston, J. W. Jr., D. S. Shriner, C. I. Klarer, and D. M. Lodge, 1982: Effect of rain pH on senescence, growth, and yield of bush bean. Environmental and Experimental Botany 22(3), 329-337
12 Shin, E. B. S. K. Lee, and K. H. Ahn, 1986: Investigation on source strength to acid rain in the Seoul area. J. of Korean Air Pollution Research Association 2(2), 66-74. (in Korean with English abstract)
13 Charron, A., H. Plaisance, S. Sauvage, P. Coddeville, J. C. Galloo, and R. Guillermo, 2000: A study of the source-receptor relationships influencing the acidity of precipitation collected at a rural site in France. Atmospheric Environment 34, 3665-3674
14 Kang, G. U., B. W. Kang, and H. K. Kim, 1992: A study on the comparison of chemical composition in rainwater at coastal and metropolitan areas. J. of Korean Air Pollution Research Association 8(3), 191-197. (in Korean with English abstract)
15 Walker, B. W., 1990: Land degradation and desertification. World Guide to Environmental Issues and Organizations, Longman Current Affairs, 66-78
16 Lee, J. S., J. H. Kim, B. Y. Kim, G. B. Jung, and Y. K. Jung. 1998: Survey on the chemical composition of precipitation in rural area. RDA J. of Agro-Envir. Sci. 40(2), 167-171. (in Korean with English abstract)
17 Christian, E. J., 1963: Air Chemistry and Radioactivity. Academic Press, 327-330
18 Koo, J. K., S. O. Ko, and M. Y. Kim, 1989: Acid rain model development considering altitudinal precipitation rate. J. of Korean Air Pollution Research Association 5(1), 43-51. (in Korean with English abstract)
19 Lee, J. S., Y. K. Jung, and K. S. Lee, 1999a: Chemical composition of rainwater in Taean area. Korean J. of Environmental Agriculture 18(3), 204-208. (in Korean with English abstract)
20 Lee, J. S., B. Y. Kim, J. H. Kim, and S. C. Hong, 1999b: Chemical composition of rainwater in Suwon and Ansung area. Korean J. of Environmental Agriculture 18(2), 169-173. (in Korean with English abstract)
21 Lee, J. S., J. H. Kim, G. B. Jung, and K. C. Eom, 2003: Volume-weighted ion concentration of rainwater in Suwon area during farming season. Korean J. of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 5(1), 1-5. (in Korean with English abstract)
22 Sullivan, K. M., 1991: The management of energy to minimize greenhouse emissions. Proceedings of the 2nd IUAPPA regional conference on air pollution 2, 133-140
23 Lee, M. H., E. J. Han, Y. S. Won, and C. K. Shin, 1986: Statistical analysis of ion components in rainwater. J. of Korean Air Pollution Research Association 2(1), 41-54. (in Korean with English abstract)
24 APHA, AWWA, WEF, 1992: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 4, 36-90
25 Kondo, J., 1991: The ozone hole problems. Proceedings of the 2nd IUAPPA Regional Conference on Air Pollution 1, 17-22
26 Lee, J. S., and K. S. Lee, 2000: Neutralization assessment of $NH_{4}$$^{+}$ and $Ca^{2+}$ on acidity of rainwater in Korea. Korean J. of Environmental Agriculture 19(1), 72-74. (in Korean with English abstract)