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Volatilization of molinate in paddy rice ecosystem and its concentration in air causing phytotoxicity to chili pepper  

Park, Byung-Jun (National Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, RDA)
Choi, Ju-Hyeon (National Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, RDA)
Kim, Chan-Sub (National Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, RDA)
Im, Geon-Jae (National Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, RDA)
Oh, Byung-Youl (National Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, RDA)
Shim, Jae-Han (Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology and Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology)
Publication Information
The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science / v.9, no.1, 2005 , pp. 70-80 More about this Journal
Abstract
To evaluate the exposure of molinate in agricultural environment and its effect against the non-target crop in air, this experiment was conducted to elucidate volatilization characteristics of molinate in aquatic condition and to determine critical concentration of molinate in the air causing phytotoxicity to Chili pepper. Cumulative volatilized rate of molinate from water was 22.7% at $35^{\circ}C$ for water temperature and 20 L/min for air velocity while 3.2% at $25^{\circ}C$ and 10 L/min within 47 hour after applied under closed system, respectively. The molinate concentrations in air above 60 cm height from soil surface of valley and open paddy rice field were reached the highest value of 18.17 and $11.59{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively within 24 hours after applying granular formulation at dose rate of molinate 150 g/1,000 $m^2$. However, their concentrations were drastically diminished to around 0.18 and $0.51{\mu}g/m^3$ level in 20 days after application, which volatilization pattern were similar to both regions. Also, the concentration of molinate in air above 60 cm height from soil surface was distributed higher 2 times than that above 180 cm height. Meanwhile, a phytotoxic symptom against the nearby chili pepper was revealed within three days after applied and molinate was detected $0.004{\sim}0.006$ mg/kg level from severe damaged leaves. The dose and exposure relations of molinate in the air against the non-target crop was also investigated in lab trial. The phytotoxic symptom, shriveled leaves, of the chili pepper was encountered by exposing two days with concentration of $13.6{\mu}g/m^3$, three days with $6.8{\mu}g/m^3$ or four days with $3.4{\mu}g/m^3$. The symptom was still recovered within four weeks after the plants had received fresh air. On the other hand, the phytotoxic response through root uptake of the herbicide in water culture was relatively insensitive, in which the symptom is observed ten days with the concentration of 300 ${\mu}g/L$.
Keywords
air; molinate; paddy rice ecosystem; phytotoxicity; volatilization;
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