Browse > Article

A Fast Background Subtraction Method Robust to High Traffic and Rapid Illumination Changes  

Lee, Gwang-Gook (한양대학교 전자통신컴퓨터공학과)
Kim, Jae-Jun (한양대학교 건축공학부)
Kim, Whoi-Yul (한양대학교 전자컴퓨터통신공학부)
Publication Information
Abstract
Though background subtraction has been widely studied for last decades, it is still a poorly solved problem especially when it meets real environments. In this paper, we first address some common problems for background subtraction that occur in real environments and then those problems are resolved by improving an existing GMM-based background modeling method. First, to achieve low computations, fixed point operations are used. Because background model usually does not require high precision of variables, we can reduce the computation time while maintaining its accuracy by adopting fixed point operations rather than floating point operations. Secondly, to avoid erroneous backgrounds that are induced by high pedestrian traffic, static levels of pixels are examined using shot-time statistics of pixel history. By using a lower learning rate for non-static pixels, we can preserve valid backgrounds even for busy scenes where foregrounds dominate. Finally, to adapt rapid illumination changes, we estimated the intensity change between two consecutive frames as a linear transform and compensated learned background models according to the estimated transform. By applying the fixed point operation to existing GMM-based method, it was able to reduce the computation time to about 30% of the original processing time. Also, experiments on a real video with high pedestrian traffic showed that our proposed method improves the previous background modeling methods by 20% in detection rate and 5~10% in false alarm rate.
Keywords
Video Surveillance; Background Subtraction; Foreground Detection;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 가기환, 이광국, 윤자영, 김재준, 김회율, "군중밀도 측정을 위한 자동 특징량 정규화 방법," 대한 전자공학회 추계학술대회 논문집 pp. 669-670, 2007.
2 P. Viola and M. Jones, "Rapid Object Detection using a Boosted Cascade of Simple Features," IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 8-14, 2001.
3 Z. Tang and Z. Miao, "Fast Background Subtraction and Shadow Elimination Using Improved Gaussian Mixture Model," IEEE International Workshop on Haptic Audio Visual Environments and their Applications, pp. 38-41, 2007.
4 G.-G. Lee, S. Song, J.-Y. Yoon, J. -J. Kim, and W. -Y. Kim, "Adaptive Learning of Background Model for Crowd Scenes," International Conference on Multimedia, Information Technology and its Application, pp. 77-80, 2008.
5 M. Heikkila and M. Pietikainen, "A texture- based method for modeling the back ground and detecting moving objects," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol.28, pp. 657-662, 2006.   DOI
6 M. Harville, G. Gordon, and J. Woodfill, "Foreground segmentation using adaptive mixture models in color and depth," IEEE Workshop on Detection and Recognition of Events in Video, pp. 3-11, 2001.
7 Q. Zhu, S. Avidan, and K Cheng, "Learning a sparse, corner-based representation for time-varying background modelling," IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, Vol. 1, pp. 678-685, 2005.
8 K. Brumitt and B. Meyers, "Wallflower Principles and practice of background main tenance," International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 255-261, 1999.
9 P. Kumar, S. Ranganath, and W. Huang, "Queue based fast background modelling and fast hysteresis thresholding for better foreground segmentation," the Fowth International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing, Vol.2, pp. 743-747, 2003.
10 S. Apewokin, B. Valentine, L Wills, S. Wills, and A. Genti le, "Multimoclal Mean Adaptive Backgrounding for Embedded Real- Time Video Surveillance," IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp.1-6, 2007.
11 I. Haritaoglu, D. Harwood, L. Davis, I. Center, and C. San Jose, "W 4: real-time surveillance of people and their activities," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol.22, pp. 809-830, 2000.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 C. Stauffer and W. Grimson, "Adaptive back ground mixture models for real-time tracking," IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Vol.2, pp. 246-252, 1999.
13 P. KaewTraKulPong and R Bowden, " An improved adaptive backg round mixture model for real- time tracking with shadow detection," European Workshop on Advanced Video Based Surveillance Systems, Vol.5308, 2001.
14 M. Mason and Z. Duric, "Using histograms to detect and track objects in color video," Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop, pp.154-159, 2001.