Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7845/kjm.2018.8013

A study on the denitrification and microbial community characteristics by the change of C/N ratio of molasses and nitrate nitrogen  

Eom, Hanki (Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University)
Kim, Sungchul (Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Microbiology / v.54, no.2, 2018 , pp. 105-112 More about this Journal
Abstract
To compare the denitrification efficiency, this study used molasses and methanol were used as external carbon sources. Specific experimental conditions were classified according to C/N ratio conditions. The batch test showed that the denitrification efficiency increased as C/N ratios of molasses and methanol rose. The most suitable C/N ratio of molasses turned out 4:1 considering the concentration of the residue chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the denitrification efficiency, which was 91.4%. Specific denitrification rate (SDNR) drawn as a kinetic factor demonstrated that molasses and methanol showed similar SDNR values as C/N ratios of molasses and methanol increased. Under the condition of C/N ratio 4:1, 0.0292 g $NO_3{^-}-N$ removal/g mixed liquor volatile suspended solid (MLVSS)/day (molasses), 0.0299 g $NO_3{^-}-N$ removal/g MLVSS/day (methanol) were found. Sludge adapted to molasses showed that Bacterium Pseudomonas sp. and Bergeylla sp. dominated through an analysis of microbial community. In addition, some bacteria were high convergences than the variety of microbial community. Accordingly, it was assumed that molasses focus on growing microorganisms specialized in denitrification and applied as a replaceable external carbon source that can enhance denitrification performance.
Keywords
C/N ratio (Carbon and Nitrogen ratio); denitrification; molasses; microbial community; SDNR (Specific Denitrification Rate);
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Akunna, J.C., Bizeau, C., and Moletta, R. 1993. Nitrate and nitrite reduction with anaerobic sludge using various carbon sources: glucose, glycerol, acetic acid, lactic acid and methanol. Water Res. 27, 1303-1312.   DOI
2 Cai, T., Qian, L., Cai, S., and Chen, L. 2011. Biodegradation of benazolin-ethyl by strain Methyloversatilis sp. cd-1 isolated from activated sludge. Curr. Microbiol. 62, 570-577.   DOI
3 Choi, J.S., Kim, J.T., and Joo, H.J. 2014. Effect of total dissolved solids injection on microbial diversity and activity determined by 16S rRNA gene based pyrosequencing and oxygen uptake rate analysis. Environ. Eng. Sci. 31, 474-480.   DOI
4 Cunningham, A.B., Sharp, R.R., Hiebert, R.H., and James, G. 2003. Subsurface biofilm barriers for the containment and remediation of contaminated groundwater. Bioremed. J. 7, 151-164.   DOI
5 Dutta, L., Nuttall, H.E., Cunningham, A., James, G., and Hiebert, R. 2005. In situ biofilm barriers: case study of a nitrate groundwater plume, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Remediat. J. 15, 101-111.   DOI
6 Eom, H.K., Choi, Y.H., and Joo, H.J. 2016. TDS removal using bio-sorption with AGS and high concentration nitrogen removal. J. Kor. Soc. Water Environ. 32, 303-309.   DOI
7 Grabinska-Loniewska, A. 1991. Biocenosis diversity and denitrification efficiency. Water Res. 25, 1575-1582.   DOI
8 Henze, M. 1986. Nitrate versus oxygen utilization rates in wastewater and activated sludge systems. Water Sci. Technol. 18, 115-122.
9 Henze, M. 1989. The influence of raw wastewater biomass on activated sludge oxygen respiration rates and denitrification rates. Water Sci. Technol. 21, 603-607.   DOI
10 Henze, M. 1991. Capabilities of biological nitrogen removal processes from wastewater. Water Sci. Technol. 23, 669-679.   DOI
11 Henze, M. and Harremoes, P. 1990. Chemical-biological nutrient removal-the HYPRO concept. Proceeding of the 4th, pp. 499-510. Gothenburg Symposium Chemical water and wastewater treatment, Madrid, Spain.
12 Jung, I.C., Jo, H.G., Lee, D.H., and Kang, D.H. 2005. Development and fuel scale application of the alternative carbon source based on the substrate compatibility. J. Kor. Soc. Environ. Engineer. 27, 491-498.
13 Her, J.J. and Huang, J.S. 1995. Influences of carbon source and C/N ration on nitrate/nitrite denitrification and carbon breakthrough. Bioresour. Technol. 54, 45-51.   DOI
14 Hiraishi, A., Muramatsu, K., and Urata, K. 1995. Characterization of new denitrifying Rhodobacter strains isolated from photosynthetic sludge for wastewater treatment. J. Ferment. Bioeng. 79, 39-44.   DOI
15 Isaacs, S.H., Henze, H., Soeberg, H., and Kummel, M. 1994. External carbon source addition as a means to control an activated sludge nutrient removal process. Water Res. 28, 511-520.   DOI
16 Kaplan, D.L., Riley, P.A., Pierce, J., and Kaplan, A.M. 1987. Denitrification of high nitrate loads-efficiencies of alternative carbon sources. Int. Biodeterior. 23, 233-248.   DOI
17 Kim, J.S., Kim, K.R., Kang, H.S., Won, I.S., Kim, K.Y., and Lee, S.I. 2012. Nitrogen removal characteristics in dynaflow biofilter system using sewage wastewater of low C/N ratio. J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng. 34, 189-194.   DOI
18 Kujawa, K. and Klapwijk, B. 1999. A method to estimate denitrification potential for predenitrification system using NUR batch test. Water Res. 33, 2291-2300.   DOI
19 Lee, K.Y., Lee, B.S., Shin, D.Y., Choi, Y.J., and Nam, K.P. 2013. Enhancement of denitrification capacity of Pseudomonas sp. KY1 through the optimization of C/N ratio of liquid molasses and nitrate. J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng. 35, 654-659.   DOI
20 Lee, B.S., Lee, K.Y., Shin, D.Y., Choi, J.H., Kim, Y.J., and Nam, K.P. 2010. Denitrification by a heterotrophic denitrifier with an aid of slowly released molasses. J. Soil Groundwater Environ. 15, 30-38.
21 Monteith, H.D., Bridle, T.R., and Sutton, P.M. 1980. Industrial waste carbon sources for biological denitrification. Progress Water Technol. 12, 127-141.
22 Lee, N.A. and Welander, T. 1996. The effect of different carbon sources on respiratory denitrification in biological wastewater treatment. J. Ferment. Bioeng. 82, 277-285.   DOI
23 Li, W., Fu, L., Niu, B., Wu, S., and Wooley, J. 2012. Ultrafast clustering algorithms for metagenomic sequence analysis. Brief. Bioinform. 13, 656-668.   DOI
24 Michalski, W.P. and Nicholas, D.J.D. 1988. Identification of two new denitrifying strains of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 52, 239-243.   DOI
25 Su, C. and Puls, R.W. 2007. Removal of added nitrate in the single, binary, and ternary systems of cotton burr compost, zerovalent iron, and sediment: implications for groundwater nitrate remediation using permeable reactive barriers. Chemosphere 67, 1653-1662.   DOI
26 Sasaki, K., Ohtsuki, K., Emoto, Y., and Hamaoka, T. 1990. Treatment by a photosynthetic bacterium on the effluent from anaerobic digestor of swine wastewater. J. Soc. Agric. Struct. 20, 43-50.
27 Shin, H.S., Chae, S.R., Nam, S.Y., Kang, S.T., and Paik, B.C. 2002. The effect of anaerobically fermented leachate of food waste on nutrient removal in BNR (1). J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng. 24, 1023-1031.
28 Skrinde, J.R. and Bhagat, S.K. 1982. Industrial wastes as carbon sources in biological denitrification. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 54, 370-377.
29 Takeno, K., Sasaki, K., Watanabe, M., Kaneyasu, T., and Nishio, N. 1999. Removal of phosphorus from oyster farm mud sediment using a photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodobacter sphaeroides IL106. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 88, 410-415.   DOI
30 Weier, K.L., Doran, J.W., Power, J.F., and Walters, D.T. 1993. Denitrification and the dinitrogen/nitrous oxide ratio as affected by soil water, available carbon, and nitrate. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 57, 66-72.   DOI
31 Wiesmann, U. 1994. Biological nitrogen removal from wastewater, pp. 113-154. In Fiechter, A. (ed.), Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heideberg, Germany.
32 Yoon, S.J., Kang, W.C., Bae, W.K., and Oh, S.E. 2010. Autotrophic nitrite denitrification using sulfur particles for treatment of wastewaters with low C/N ratios (Batch Tests). J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng. 32, 851-856.