Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7845/kjm.2016.6023

Characterization of microbial communities and soil organic carbon degradation associated with the depth and thawing effects on tundra soil in Alaska  

Park, Ha Ju (Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute)
Kim, Dockyu (Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute)
Park, Hyun (Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute)
Lee, Bang Yong (Arctic Reaearch Center, Korea Polar Research Institute)
Lee, Yoo Kyung (Arctic Reaearch Center, Korea Polar Research Institute)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Microbiology / v.52, no.3, 2016 , pp. 365-374 More about this Journal
Abstract
In high-latitude regions, temperature has risen ($0.6^{\circ}C$ per decade) and this leads to the increase in microbial degradability against soil organic carbon (SOC). Furthermore, the decomposed SOC is converted into green-house gases ($CO_2$ and $CH_4$) and their release could further increase the rate of climate change. Thus, understanding the microbial diversity and their functions linked with SOC degradation in soil-thawing model is necessary. In this study, we divided tundra soil from Council, Alaska into two depth regions (30-40 cm and 50-60 cm of depth, designated as SPF and PF, respectively) and incubated that for 108 days at $0^{\circ}C$. A total of 111,804 reads were obtained through a pyrosequencing-based metagenomic study during the microcosm experiments, and 574-1,128 of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 30-57 of archaeal OTUs were observed. Taxonomic analysis showed that the distribution of bacterial taxa was significantly different between two samples. In detail, the relative abundance of phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes largely increased in SPF and PF soil, respectively, while phyla Crenarchaeota was increased in both soil samples. Weight measurement and gel permeation chromatography of the SOC extracts demonstrated that polymerization of humic acids, main component of SOC, occurred during the microcosm experiments. Taken together our results indicate that these bacterial and archaeal phyla could play a key function in SOC degradation and utilization in cold tundra soil.
Keywords
biodegradation; climate change; soil bacteria; soil organic carbon; sub-arctic;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Chun, J. and Goodfellow, M. 1995. A phylogenetic analysis of the genus Nocardia with 16S rRNA gene sequences. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 45, 240-245.   DOI
2 Claus, H. 2015. Laccases: structure, reactions, distribution. Micron 35, 93-96.
3 Dari, K., Bechet, M., and Blondeau, R. 1995. Isolation of soil Sterptomyces strains capable of degrading humic acids and analysis of their peroxidase activity. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 16, 115-122.   DOI
4 Deng, J., Gu, Y., Zhang, J., Xue, K., Qin, Y., Yuan, M., Yin, H., He, Z., Wu, L., Schuur, E.A.G., et al. 2015. Shifts of tundra bacteria and archaeal communities along a permafrost thaw gradient in Alaska. Mol. Ecol. 24, 222-234.   DOI
5 Douglas, T.A., Blum, J.D., Guo, L., Kellner, K., and Gleason, J.D. 2013. Hydrogeochemistry of seasonal flow regimes in the Chena River, a subarctic watershed draining discontinuous permafrost in interior Alaska (USA). Chem. Geol. 335, 48-62.   DOI
6 Grinhut, T., Hertkorn N., Schmitt-Kopplin, P., Hadar, Y., and Chen, Y. 2011. Mechanisms of humic acids degradation by white rot fungi explored using 1H NMR spectroscopy and FTICR mass spectrometry. Environ. Sci. Technol. 45, 2748-2754.   DOI
7 Grinhut, T., Hadar, Y., and Chen, Y. 2007. Degradation and transformation of humic substances by saprotrophic fungi: processes and mechanisms. Fungal Biol. Rev. 21, 179-189.   DOI
8 Gtari, M., Ghodhbane-Gtari, F., Nouioui, I., Beauchemin, N., and Tisa, L.S. 2012. Phylogenetic perspectives of nitrogen-fixing actinobacteria. Arch. Microbiol. 194, 3-11.   DOI
9 Henson, B.J., Watson, L.E., and Barnum, S.R. 2004. The evolutionary history of nitrogen fixation, as assessed by NifD. J. Mol. Evol. 58, 390-399.   DOI
10 Hatakka, A. 1994. Lignin-modifying enzymes from selected white-rot fungi-production and role in lignin degradation. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 13, 125-135.   DOI
11 Hinzman, L.D., Kane, D.L., Gieck, R.E., and Everett, K.R. 1991. Hydrologic and thermal properties of the active layer in the Alaska Arctic. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 19, 95-110.   DOI
12 Janssen, P.H. 2006. Identifying the dominant soil bacterial taxa in libraries of 16S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72, 1719-1728.   DOI
13 Kellner, H., Luis, P., Zimdars, B., Kiesel, B., and Buscot, F. 2008. Diversity of bacterial laccase-like multicopper oxidase genes in forest and grassland Cambisol soil samples. Soil Biol. Biochem. 40, 638-648.   DOI
14 Lee, S.H., Jang, I., Chae, N., Choi, T., and Kang, H. 2013. Organic layer serves as a hotspot of microbial activity and abundance in Arctic tundra soils. Microb. Ecol. 65, 405-414.   DOI
15 Leigh, J.A. 2000. Nitrogen fixation in methanogens: The archaeal perspective. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2, 125-131.
16 Mayer, A.M. and Staples, R.C. 2002. Laccase: new functions for an old enzyme. Phytochemistry 60, 551-565.   DOI
17 Paul, E.A. 2014. Soil microbiology, ecology, and biochemistry, pp. 421-446. 4th ed. Academic press, USA.
18 Mishra, U. and Riley, W.J. 2012. Spatial variability of the active layer, permafrost, and soil profile depth in Alaskan soils, pp. 83-88. In Minasny, B., Brendan, M., and McBratney, A.B. (eds.), Digital Soil Assessments and Beyond: Proceedings of the 5th Global Workshop on Digital Soil Mapping 2012, Taylor and Francis Group, London, UK.
19 Park, H.J., Chae, N., Sul, W.J., Lee, B.Y., Lee, Y.K., and Kim, D. 2015. Temporal changes in soil bacterial diversity and humic substances degradation in subarctic tundra soil. Microb. Ecol. 69, 668-675.   DOI
20 Park, H.J. and Kim, D. 2015. Isolation and characterization of humic substances-degrading bacteria from the subarctic Alaska grasslands. J. Basic Microbiol. 55, 54-61.   DOI
21 Paul, E.A., Follett, R.F., Leavitt, S.W., Halvorson, A., Peterson, G.A., and Lyon, D.J. 1997. Radiocarbon dating for determination of soil organic matter pool sizes and dynamics. Soil Sci. Am. J. 61, 1058-1067.   DOI
22 Ping, C.L., Jastrow, J.D., Jorgenson, M.T., Michaelson, G.J., and Shur, Y.L. 2015. Permafrost soils and carbon cycling. Soil 1, 147-171.   DOI
23 Quaiser, A., Ochsenreiter, T., Klenk, H., Kletzin, A., Treusch, A.H., Meurer, G., Eck, J., Sensen, C.W., and Schleper, C. 2002. First insight into the genome of an uncultivated crenarchaeote from soil. Environ. Microbiol. 4, 603-611.   DOI
24 Schloss, P.D., Westcott, S.L., Ryabin, T., Hall, J.R., Hartmann, M., Hollister, E.B., Lesniewski, R.A., Oakley, B.B., Parks, D.H., Robinson, C.J., et al. 2009. Introducing mothur: open-source, platform-independent, community-supported software for describing and comparing microbial communities. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75, 7537-7541.   DOI
25 Brown, J. and Romanovsky, V.E. 2008. Report from the International Permafrost Association: state of permafrost in the first decade of the 21st century. Permafr. Periglac. Process. 19, 255-260.   DOI
26 Schuur, E.A.G., McGuire, A.D., Schadel, C., Grosse, G., Harden, J.W., Hayes, D.J., Hugelius, G., Koven, C.D., Kuhry, P., Lawrence, D.M., et al. 2015. Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback. Nature 520, 171-179.   DOI
27 Strawn, D.G., Bohn, H.L., and O'Connor G.A. 2015. Soil chemistry, pp. 138-141. 4th ed. Wiley-Blackwell, USA.
28 Treusch, A.H., Leininger, S., Kletzin, A., Schuster, S.C., Klenk, H., and Schleper, C. 2005. Novel genes for nitrite reductase and Amo-related proteins indicate a role of uncultivated mesophilic crenarchaeota in nitrogen cycling. Environ. Microbiol. 72, 1985-1995.
29 Barber, V.A., Juday, G.P., and Finney, B.P. 2000. Reduced growth of Alaskan white spruce in the twentieth century from temperatureinduced drought stress. Nature 405, 668-673.   DOI
30 Zavarzina, A.G., Leontievsky, A.A., Golovleva, L.A., and Trofimov, S.Y. 2004. Biotransformation of soil humic acids by blue laccase of Panus tigrinus 8/18: an in vitro study. Soil Biol. Biochem. 36, 359-369.   DOI
31 Bugg, T.D.H., Ahmad, M., Hardiman, E.M., and Singh, R. 2010. The emerging role for bacteria in lignin degradation and bio-product formation. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 22, 1-7.   DOI
32 Chowdhury, T.R., Herndon, E.M., Phelps, T.J., Elias, D.A., Gu, B., Liang, L., Wullschleger, S.D., and Graham, D.E. 2015. Stoichiometry and temperature sensitivity of methanogenesis and $CO_2$ production from saturated polygonal tundra in Barrow, Alaska. Glob. Change Biol. 21, 722-737.   DOI