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http://dx.doi.org/10.7845/kjm.2013.3049

The Roles of Immune Regulatory Factors FoxP3, PD-1, and CTLA-4 in Chronic Viral Infection  

Cho, Hyosun (Department of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Microbiology / v.49, no.3, 2013 , pp. 221-227 More about this Journal
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) cause viral infections that lead to chronic diseases. When they invade human body, virus specific T cells play an important role in antiviral effector functions including killing virus-infected cells and helping B cells to produce specific antibodies against viral proteins. The antiviral activity of T cells is usually affected by immune-regulatory factors that express on surface of T cells. Recently, many researchers have investigated the relationship between effector functions of virus specific T cells and characteristics of immune regulatory factors (e.g., CD28, CD25, CD45RO, FoxP3, PD-1, CTLA-4). In particular, Immune inhibitory molecules such as forkhead box P3 (FoxP3), programmed death-1 (PD-1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) are associated with T-cell dysfunction. They are shown to be up-regulated in chronic viral diseases such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C or human immunodeficiency virus infection. Therefore, the positive correlation between viral persistence and expression of immune regulatory factors (FoxP3, PD-1, and CTLA-4) has been suggested. In this review, the roles of immune regulatory factors FoxP3, PD-1, and CTLA-4 were discussed in chronic viral diseases such as HIV, HBV, or HCV.
Keywords
CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4); FoxP3 (forkhead box P3); HBV (hepatitis B virus); HCV (hepatitis C virus); HIV (human immunodeficiency virus); PD-1 (programmed death-1);
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