Browse > Article

Urban archaeological investigations using surface 3D Ground Penetrating Radar and Electrical Resistivity Tomography methods  

Papadopoulos, Nikos (Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Mineral Resources Research Division, Exploration Geophysics and Mining Engineering Department)
Sarris, Apostolos (Laboratory of Geophysical-Satellite Remote Sensing & Archaeo-environment, Institute for Mediterranean Studies, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas)
Yi, Myeong-Jong (Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Mineral Resources Research Division, Exploration Geophysics and Mining Engineering Department)
Kim, Jung-Ho (Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Mineral Resources Research Division, Exploration Geophysics and Mining Engineering Department)
Publication Information
Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration / v.12, no.1, 2009 , pp. 56-68 More about this Journal
Abstract
Ongoing and extensive urbanisation, which is frequently accompanied with careless construction works, may threaten important archaeological structures that are still buried in the urban areas. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) methods are most promising alternatives for resolving buried archaeological structures in urban territories. In this work, three case studies are presented, each of which involves an integrated geophysical survey employing the surface three-dimensional (3D) ERT and GPR techniques, in order to archaeologically characterise the investigated areas. The test field sites are located at the historical centres of two of the most populated cities of the island of Crete, in Greece. The ERT and GPR data were collected along a dense network of parallel profiles. The subsurface resistivity structure was reconstructed by processing the apparent resistivity data with a 3D inversion algorithm. The GPR sections were processed with a systematic way, applying specific filters to the data in order to enhance their information content. Finally, horizontal depth slices representing the 3D variation of the physical properties were created. The GPR and ERT images significantly contributed in reconstructing the complex subsurface properties in these urban areas. Strong GPR reflections and highresistivity anomalies were correlated with possible archaeological structures. Subsequent excavations in specific places at both sites verified the geophysical results. The specific case studies demonstrated the applicability of ERT and GPR techniques during the design and construction stages of urban infrastructure works, indicating areas of archaeological significance and guiding archaeological excavations before construction work.
Keywords
archaeological investigation; ground penetrating radar; 3D resistivity tomography; urban areas;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Athanasiou,E.,Tsourlos,P.,Vargemezis,G.,Papazachos,C.,andTsokas,G.N.,2007, Non-destructive DC resistivity surveying using flat-base electrodes: Near Surface Geophysics, 5, 263–272
2 Griffiths, D. H., and Barker, R. D., 1994, Electrical Imaging in Archaeology:Journal of Archaeological Science, 21, 153–158. doi: 10.1006/jasc. 1994.1017   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Leckebusch, J., 2003, Ground-Penetrating Radar: A Modern Three-Dimensional Prospection Method: Archaeological Prospection, 10, 213–240. doi: 10.1002/arp.211   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Sarris, A., Dunn, R. K., Rife, J. L., Papadopoulos, N., Kokkinou, E., and Mundigler, C., 2007, Geological and geophysical investigations in the Roman cemetery at Kenchreai (Korinthia), Greece: Archaeological Prospection, 14, 1–23. doi: 10.1002/arp.280   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Vafidis, A., Economou, N., Ganiatsos, Y., Manakou, M., Poulioudis, G., Sourlas, G., Vrontaki, E., Sarris, A., Guy, M., and Kalpaxis, Th., 2005, Integrated archaeological studies at ancient Itanos (Greece): Archaeological Science, 32, 1023–1036. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2005.02.007   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Stummer, P., 2003, New Developments in Electrical Resistivity Imaging. Dissertation submitted to the Swiss Federal of Institute of Technology, Zurich
7 Tsokas, G. N., Tsourlos, P. I., Vargemezis, G., and Novack, M., 2008, Nondestructive Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Indoor Investigation:the Case of Kapnikarea Church in Athens: Archaeological Prospection, 15, 47–61. doi: 10.1002/arp.321   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Atzemoglou, A., Tsourlos, P., and Pavlides, S., 2003, Investigation of the Tectonic Structure of the NW Part of the Amynteon Basin (NW Greece) by means of a Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) survey: Journal of the Balkan Geophysical Society, 4, 188–201
9 Scollar, I., Weinder, B., and Segeth, K., 1986, Display of archaeological magnetic data: Geophysics, 51, 623–633. doi: 10.1190/1.1442116   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Xu, B., and Noel, M., 1993, On the Completeness of Data Sets with Multielectrode Systems for Electrical Resistivity Survey: Geophysical Prospecting, 41, 791–801. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2478.1993.tb00885.x   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Loke, M. H., and Barker, R. D., 1996, Practical Techniques for 3D ResistivitySurveys and Data Inversion: Geophysical Prospecting, 44, 499–523. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2478.1996.tb00162.x   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Negri, S., Leucci, G., and Mazzone, F., 2008, High resolution 3D ERT to help GPR data interpretation for researching archaeological items in a geologically complex subsurface: Journal of Applied Geophysics, 65, 111–120. doi: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2008.06.004   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Ramirez, A., Daily, W., Binley, A., and Labrecque, D., 1996, Tank leak detection using electrical resistance methods. Symposium on the application of geophysics to engineering and environment, Keystone CO, April 28–May 1, 1996
14 Tsokas, G.N., Giannopoulos, A., Tsourlos, P., Vargemezis, G., Tealby, J.M.,Sarris, A., Papazachos, C.B., and Savopoulou, T., 1994, A Large Scale Geophysical Survey in the Archaeological Site of Europos (northern Greece): Journal of Applied Geophysics, 32, 85–98. doi: 10.1016/0926-9851(94)90011-6   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Leucci, G., Greco, F., Giorgi, L. D., and Mauceri, R., 2007, Three-dimensionalof seismic refraction tomography and electrical resistivity tomography survey in the castle of Occhiola (Sicily, Italy): Journal of Archaeological Science, 34, 233–242. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2006.04.010   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Papadopoulos, N.G., Tsourlos, P., Tsokas, G.N., and Sarris, A., 2007, Efficient ERT Measuring and Inversion Strategies for 3D Imaging of Buried Antiquities: Near Surface Geophysics, 6, 349–362
17 Conyers, L. B., 2006, Innovative ground-penetrating radar methods for archaeological mapping: Archaeological Prospection, 13, 139–141. doi: 10.1002/arp.282   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Drahor, M. G., 2006, Integrated geophysical studies in the upper part of Sardisarchaeological site, Turkey: Journal of Applied Geophysics, 59, 205–223. doi: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2005.10.008   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Chávez, R. E., Cámara, M. E., Tejero, A., Barba, L., and Manzanilla, L., 2001,Site Characterization by Geophysical Methods in the Archaeological Zone of Teotihuacan, Mexico: Journal of Archaeological Science, 28, 1265–1276. doi: 10.1006/jasc.2000.0627
20 Tsourlos, P., and Ogilvy, R., 1999, An algorithm for the 3-D Inversion of Tomographic Resistivity and Induced Polarization data: Preliminary Results: Journal of the Balkan Geophysical Society, 2, 30–45
21 Dahlin, T., and Owen, R., 1998, Geophysical investigations of alluvial aquifers in Zimbabwe. Proceedings of the IV Meeting of the Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society (European Section), Sept. 1998, Barcelona, Spain, 151–154
22 Goodman, D., Nishimura, Y., and Rogers, J. D., 1995, GPR time slices inarchaeological prospection: Archaeological Prospection, 2, 85–89
23 L\ddot{u}ck, E., Eisenreich, M., Spangenberg, U., and Christl, G., 1997, A Note on Geophysical Prospection of Archaeological Structures in Urban Contexts in Potsdam (Germany): Archaeological Prospection, 4, 231–238. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0763(199712)4 : 4<231::AID-ARP 87>3.0.CO;2-6   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Gerolla, G., 1905, Monumenti Veneti nell' isola di Creta, Venice, 2b, 125–127
25 Goodman, D., 1994, Ground-pentrating radar simulation in engineering andarchaeology: Geophysics, 59, 224–232. doi: 10.1190/1.1443584   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Leucci, G., and Negri, S., 2006, Use of ground penetrating radar to map subsurface archaeological features in an urban area: Journal of Archaeological Science, 33, 502–512. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2005.09.006   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Vaughan, C. J., 1986, Ground-penetrating radar surveys in archaeologicalinvestigations: Geophysics, 51, 595–604. doi: 10.1190/1.1442114   DOI   ScienceOn