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Laboratory study of $CO_2$ migration in water-saturated anisotropic sandstone, based on P-wave velocity imaging  

Xue, Ziqiu (Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth(RITE))
Lei, Xinglin (Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST))
Publication Information
Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration / v.9, no.1, 2006 , pp. 10-18 More about this Journal
Abstract
We measured the changes in P-wave velocity that occur when injecting $CO_2$ in gaseous, liquid, and supercritical phases into water-saturated anisotropic sandstones. P-wave velocities were measured in two cylindrical samples of Tako Sandstone, drilled along directions normal and parallel to the bedding plane, using a piezo-electric transducer array system. The velocity changes caused by $CO_2$ injection are typically -6% on average, with maximum values about -16% for the case of supercritical $CO_2$ injection. P-wave velocity tomograms obtained by the differential arrival-time method clearly show that $CO_2$ migration behaviour is more complex when $CO_2$ flows normal to the bedding plane than when it flows parallel to bedding. We also found that the differences in P-wave velocity images were associated both with the $CO_2$ phases and with heterogeneity of pore distribution in the rocks. Seismic images showed that the highest velocity reduction occurred for supercritical $CO_2$ injection, compared with gaseous or liquid $CO_$ injection. This result may justify the use of the seismic method for $CO_2$ monitoring in geological sequestration.
Keywords
Difference tomography; P-wave velocity; porous sandstone; $CO_2$ monitoring; bedding plane; anisotropy;
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