Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12654/JCS.2022.38.3.04

A Study of Manufacturing Techniques based on Classification by Uses of Excavated Iron Objects from the Remains in Geumcheok-ri, Gyeongju  

You, Ha Rim (Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
Cho, Nam Chul (Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation Science, Kongju National University)
Shin, Yong Bi (Conservation Science Department, National Museum of Korea)
Publication Information
Journal of Conservation Science / v.38, no.3, 2022 , pp. 217-233 More about this Journal
Abstract
The remains found in Geumcheok-ri, Gyeongju are located in close proximity to the Ancient Tombs in Geumcheok-ri, Gyeongju (Historic Site) which were built between the late 5th and early 6th centuries, and these tombs are known to belong to the powerful rulers of that area. Using metallurgical techniques, this study was conducted on the iron objects obtained from the excavated remains in Geumcheok-ri, Gyeongju which are presumed to have a close relation to the nearby ruins that played an important role in the growth of Silla. To identify differences in manufacturing techniques based on the purpose of the iron objects, eight objects were selected after classifying them by use and the microstructure and non-metallic inclusions were investigated. The analyses results confirmed that the manufacturing process involved forging iron with a high or low carbon content to produce a particular shape, and that the carburization process was applied to iron post forging a shape to increase its strength when necessary. The mechanical properties were improved by selectively applying the steelmaking method and the heat treatment technique considering the functions of the parts, and the low temperature reduction was applied to the smelting process. Furthermore, in comparison with the iron objects excavated from the remains located in the center of Gyeongju and its outskirts, it is confirmed that there is similarity in the smelting and manufacturing techniques between these objects.
Keywords
Geumcheok-ri; Iron objects; Microstructure; Nonmetallic inclusions; Metallurgy;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Chung, K.Y., 2001. A study of iron technologies of the three states in Korea - Through the metallurgical microstructures. Master's thesis, Hong Ik University. (in Korean with English abstract)
2 Kim, S.K., 2014, A study on iron manufacturing and technology through analysis reports of iron artifacts in the Baekje area. Journal of Conservation Science, 30(4), 335-343. (in Korean with English abstract)   DOI
3 Lee, D.W., 2007, Research of rank structure of 5th and 6th centuries tumulus in Gyeoungju area. Master's thesis, Keimyung University. (in Korean with English abstract)
4 Park, J.S., Lee, Y.S., Shin, K.C. and Kim, J.W,, 2001, A study on the restoration of Gaya ironware culture through scientific analysis of Gaya ironware relics. Journal of the Gimhae Development Research, 4(1), 39-197. (in Korean abstract)
5 Jung, T.H., 2007, A study on manufacturing techniques of ironware in 4th to 6th century Shilla areas: focusing on the analysis on ironware excavated from Pohang Hakcheon-ri remains. Master's thesis, Youngin University. (in Korean with English abstract)
6 Gilgeum Craft Research Institute, 2008, Pride of geomeongsoe. (in Korean)
7 Gyeongju National Museum,. 2021, Silla Tombs in Geumcheok-ri, Gyeongju. (in Korean)
8 Kim, S.K., 2012, Study of fabrication process of Korean ancient ironware through analysis of microstructures and nonmetallic inclusions. Master's thesis, Hanyang University. (in Korean with English abstract)
9 Kim, Y.H., 2004, Metallurgical study of iron artifacts excavated from Uiseong province. Master's thesis, Myoungji University. (in Korean with English abstract)
10 Scott, D.A. and Eggert G., 2009, Iron and steel in art-corrosion, colorants, conservation. Archetype Publications Ltd., London.
11 Lim, J.K., 2007, A study on the technology of iron artifacts from 2nd to 6th century at Pohang area - Focused on Okseongri old tombs in Pohang -. Master's thesis, Youngin University. (in Korean with English abstract)
12 Kim, J.G., Kim, G.Y. and Park, H.W., 1999, Microscope and metallography. Gold, Seoul. (in Korea)
13 Kim, S.K., 1993, Metallurgical study of iron axes excavated from Choongsan-ri. Master's thesis, Hanyang University. (in Korean)