Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12654/JCS.2017.33.6.10

Study on the Restoration of Ancient Smelting and Smithing Technologies in the Jungwon Area  

Lee, Eunwoo (Jungwon National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
Kwak, Byeongmoon (Jungwon National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
Kim, Eunji (Jungwon National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
Han, Youngwoo (Jungwon National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
Park, Chonglyuck (Posco Pohang Research Lab Ironmaking Research Group)
Publication Information
Journal of Conservation Science / v.33, no.6, 2017 , pp. 519-532 More about this Journal
Abstract
Studies on ancient ironmaking technologies are primarily based on archaeological surveys and scientific analysis data, and technological systems are examined by comparing the results of restorative experiments. In this study, to examine the ancient iron production technologies such as smelting and smithing in the Jungwon area, a restoration experiment was conducted based on archaeological data, and the iron and slag, etc. produced in the experiment were analyzed. Further, the changes in physicochemical properties due to the smelting of the raw material, specifically, iron ore were determined, and the smithing process, which involves fabrication of ironwares, was analyzed along with the characteristics of each step. In the case of smelting, increasing recovery rates and production of high-quality primary iron material were important for the following processes. For the iron bars produced through the smithing process, it was found that quality improvements made by reducing physical defects such as inclusions or gas holes were more important than the composition of the iron itself. The study also yielded comparative study data for various byproducts, such as smithing slag, which could be utilized in other ironmaking technology studies.
Keywords
Iron production technology; Smelting experiment; Smithing experiment; Iron bar; Slag;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Cheongju National Museum, 2004, Report of the research of antiquities of the Cheongju National Museum. 9, 125. (in Korean)
2 Choi, J., Yu, M.G., Kim, H.T., Kim, Y.H. and Do, J.M., 1991, Restoration experiment of ancient iron manufacture method. Korean Journal of Metals, 14(4), Korean Society of Metals. (in Korean)
3 Dungworth, D. and Wilkes, R., 2007, An investigation of hammerscale, Research department report series. English Heritage, 26, 2-4, 31-33.
4 Jungwon Cultural Properties Institute, 2008, Chilgumdong iron manufacture site, Chungju, Report on the excavation. 62, 16-26, 62-66, 123-152. (in Korean)
5 Jungwon Cultural Properties Institute, 2009, Tangeumdae Toseong fortress, Chungju, Report on the earth's surface examination. 81. (in Korean)
6 Jungwon Cultural Properties Institute, 2012, Daehwa-ri, Chungju, Report on the excavation, 132. (in Korean)
7 Jungwon Cultural Properties Institute, 2014, Report on the reconstructive experiment of the ancient Korean iron production furnace. (in Korean)
8 Jungwon National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, 2012, Iron manufacture site of Jungwon. (in Korean)
9 Kwak, B.M., Lee, E.W., Chae, M.H. and Kim, E.J., 2016, An experimental archaeological study on the effectiveness of roasting of iron ore. The 43rd Conference of the Korean Society of Conservation Science for Cultural Heritage, The Korean Society of Conservation for Cultural Heritage, 189-190. (in Korean)
10 Lee, H.G., Moon, H.S. and Oh, M.S., 2007, Economics mineral deposits in Korea, Akanet. (in Korean)
11 Leon, K. and Yoshihara, 2012, The craft of the Japanese sword. Tuttle Publishing.
12 Samgang Institute of Cultural Properties, 2014, Imcheonri Geumgok iron manufacture site, Milyang. 12, 61. (in Korean)
13 Ulsan Soeburi Festival Promotion Committee, 2016, Report on reconstructive experiment of the ancient prototype furnace of Ulsan Soeburi. (in Korean)
14 Yaemaek Institute of Cultural Properties, 2010, Report on the excavation of Mangsang-dong site II, Donghae, Research Report of Antiquities. 36. (in Korean)
15 Yang, H.Y., 1991, Iron and steel manufacture technology. Munundang. (in Korean)