Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12654/JCS.2015.31.4.05

A Study on the Degradation Properties of DGEBA/TETA Epoxy System for Restoration of Ceramics by Temperature  

Nam, Byeong Jik (Restoration Technology Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
Jang, Sung Yoon (Restoration Technology Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
Publication Information
Journal of Conservation Science / v.31, no.4, 2015 , pp. 373-386 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study identified degradation properties by temperature stress with Araldite$^{(R)}$ AY103-1/HY956 used for ceramics. Tensile and compressive strength of durability increased for 6,480 hours at temperature of $34{\sim}45^{\circ}C$. In stability of external stress and temperature, compressive strength is superior to tensile strength, it requires conservation plans considering strength properties and stress of restoration materials. The tensile shear strength of adhesion properties decreased for 4,320 hours at temperature of $40{\sim}60^{\circ}C$. In ceramics with porosity, environments under isothermal-isohumidity are important because interfacial properties of adherend are concerned with performance variation. Glossiness decreased for 6,480 hours at temperature of $34{\sim}45^{\circ}C$ and color difference increased. Gloss stability was superior and color stability was weak, which requires improvement of optical properties. In artifacts on display in museums, there is concern about temperature rise on restoration materials by lighting therefore, it needs to minimize change in physical properties by exposure environments.
Keywords
Epoxy; Accelerated life test; Temperature stress; Durability; Adhesion properties; Optical properties;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 11  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Park, G.J., Lee, J.H. and Kim, S.K., 2005, Conservation Work on the Blue & White Porcelain Jar with Cloud & Dragon Design from the National Palace Museum Collection, The Journal of Conservation of Cultural Properties, 2, 58-73. (in Korean with English abstract).
2 Park, G.J., 2007, Conservation and Research on the Porcelain of Excavated at Samcheon Temple Site, The Journal of Conservation of Cultural Properties, 4, 15-30. (in Korean with English abstract).
3 Rose, D.A., 1963, Water movement in porous materials-II: the separation of he components of water movement, Br Jappl Phys, 14, 491-496.   DOI
4 Shaw, S.J., 1996, Polym. Int., 41, 193.   DOI
5 Shim, S.C. and Chang, S.K., 1979, Photodegradation of Polymers, Polymer(Korea), 3(6), 346-347. (in Korean).
6 Shim, S.H., 1998, The effect of Acid rain on the Tracking resistance of Epoxy resin for Outdoor use, Samchok National University collection of dissertations(industry scientific technique laboratory), 3, 11-16. (in Korean with English abstract).
7 Tennent, N., 1979, Clear and pigmented epoxy resins for stained glass conservation: light aging studies, Studies in Conservation, 24, 153-164.
8 Tennent, N., Townsend, J., 1984, Photofading of dyestuffs in polyester and acrylic resins, In Preprints of Contributions to the International Council for Museums Committee for Conservation 7th Triennial Meeting, Copenhagen, Denmark, edited by D. de Froment. Paris:International Council of Museums.
9 Tennent, N., 1991, An Epoxy Resin Update, Text of lecture delivered to UKIC Ceramics and Glass Conservation Group Meeting on Adhesives and Consolidant, Available from author at Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
10 Theophanides, T., 2012, Infrared Spectroscopy-Materials Science, Engineering and Technology, InTech, 267.
11 Yang, E.H., Beom, D.G and Lee, Y.B, 2011, Conservation of Earthen Janggu Excavated from Samsan-ri, Jeonju, Conservation Science in Museum, 12, 71-76. (in Korean with English abstract).
12 Yang, P.S. and Seo, J.H., 2011, A Study on the Changes Process Repair and Restoration Method of Ceramic, Journal of Conservation Science, 27(1), 49-59. (in Korean with English abstract).
13 Yoon, S.H., 2004, Study of Degradation of Epoxy and Urethane coatings by UV irradiation, Master's Thesis, Pukyong National University, 1-7. (in Korean with English abstract).
14 Bradley, S., 1990b, Evaluation of Hxtal NYL-1 adhesives for glass conservation, British Museum Conservation Research Report, 3.
15 Beck, K., Al-Mukhtar, M., Rozenbaum, O. and Rautureau, M., 2003, Characterization, water transfer properties and deterioration in tuffeau: building material in the Loire valley-France, Build Environ, 38, 1151-1162.   DOI
16 Bradley, S., 1984, Strength testing of adhesives and consolidants for conservation purposes, In Preprints of the Contributions to the International Institute for Conservation Parts Congress on Adhesives and Consolidants, edited by N.S. Brommelle, E.M. Pye, P. Smith and G. Thomson, London: International Institute for Conservation.
17 Bradley, S., 1990a, Evaluation of Hxtal NYL-1 and Loctite350 adhesives for glass conservation, In Preprints of International Council of Museums Committee for Conservation 9th Triennial Meeting, Dresden, K. Grimstad Ed., 675-679, Los Angeles: Getty Conservation institute.
18 Choi, Y.S., Chae, I.S., Kang, Y.S., Won, J.O., Kim, J.J. and Kim, S.D., 2011, Tuning Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Composites Containing Epoxy Resin/Inorganic Additives for Stone Conservation, Journal of Conservation Science, 27(4), 431-440. (in Korean with English abstract).
19 Down, J.L., 1984, The yellowing of epoxy resin adhesives:report on natural dark aging, Studies in Conservation, 29, 63-76.
20 Choi, Y.S., Lee, J.H., Jeong, Y.S., Kang, Y.S., Won, J.O., Kim, J.J. and Kim, S.D., 2012, Performance Improvement of Hydrogenated Bisphenol-A Epoxy Resin/Inorganic Additives Composites for Stone Conservation by Controlling Their Composition, Journal of Conservation Science, 28(3), 265-276. (in Korean with English abstract).   DOI
21 Down, J.L., 1986, The yellowing of epoxy resin adhesives:report on high intensity light aging, Studies in Conservation, 31, 159-170.
22 Frigione, M., Lettieri, M., and Mecchi, A. M., 2006, Environmental effects on epoxy adhesives employed for restoration of historical buildings, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 18(5), 715-722.   DOI
23 Han, W.S., Wi, K.C., Park, G.J. and Hong, T.K., 2009, The Development of the Unfading Polyvinyl Butyral Gap-filling Material Based on Reversible Properties and Restoration of a Punchong Plate from Sam-cheon Temple Site with This Polyvinyl Butyral Product, Journal of Conservation Science, 25(3), 293-298. (in Korean with English abstract).
24 Han, W.S., Park, G.J., Lim, S.J., Lee, Y.H., Hong, T.K. and Wi, K.C., 2010, The Development of the Unfading Urethane Polymer Based on Reversible Properties for Ceramics and Restoration with This Urethane Product, Journal of Conservation Science, 26(2), 183-190. (in Korean with English abstract).
25 Huntsman, 2007, Araldite AY103/HY956 Technical and Material Safety Data Sheet.
26 Hwang, Y.E., Lee, G.H. and Yoon, S.H., 2009, Effect of Combined Environmental Factors on Degradation Behavior of Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composites, Composites Research, 22(5), 37-42. (in Korean with English abstract).
27 Hwang, H.S., Lee, H.S. and Kang, H.T., 2006, Conservation and Chemical Composition of Temmku bowl with hare's fur markings-Applying new restoration material-, Conservation Science in Museum, 7, 33-42. (in Korean with English abstract).
28 Hwang, Y.E. and Yoon, S.H., 2011, Effect of Combined Environmental Factors on Adhesive Shear Strengths and Chemical Structures of Adhesives, 24(1), 31-36. (in Korean with English abstract).   DOI
29 Hwang, H.S., Lee, H.S. and Yi, Y.H., 2001, The Conservation of a Spanish Gourd-Style Jar(Donated Object by Sir Ganeko), Conservation Science in Museum, 3, 15-19. (in Korean with English abstract).
30 Hwang, H.S. and Lee, H.S., 2004, Conservation of Ceramic-Ware to be Exhibited at Yongsan New National Museum at Its Opening-Restoration of Blue-and-White porcelain jar with phoenix design and Celadon peahen-shaped water dropper-, Conservation Science in Museum, 5, 5-15. (in Korean with English abstract).
31 Kang, H.S. and Ahn, B.C., 1999, Restoration of Pottery and Celadon for Exhibition, Conservation Science in Museum, 1, 33-42. (in Korean with English abstract).
32 Kang, H.T., 2007, The Conservation and Restoration-Ceramics, National Museum of Korea, Seoul, 77. (in Korean with English abstract).
33 Kim, W.H., Cheong, D.S., Bae, J.S., Jee, J.Y. and Wi, K.C., 2014, A Study on the Development and Physical Properties of Low Yellowing Epoxy for Ceramic Preservation, Journal of Conservation Science, 30(2), 181-187. (in Korean with English abstract)   DOI
34 Kim, S.H., 2005, Research on ultraviolet ray aging movement on Epoxy resin used for preserving, joining cultural assets, Master's Thesis, Hanseo University, 13-19. (in Korean with English abstract).
35 Lee, D.H., Kwak, E.K. and Hwang, H.S., 2010, Conservation Process of Celadon Janggo Excavated from Seabed, Conservation Science in Museum, 11, 53-60. (in Korean with English abstract).
36 Kim, J.H., Jeong, K.W., Yoo, Y.S., Yang, K.J. and Park, Y.K., 1999, Evaluation of Aging Properties of Silicone Rubber for Outdoor by Artificial Acid Rain Immersion and Inclined-Plang Method, Sungkyunkwan University collection of dissertations(scientific technique), 50(1), 53-64. (in Korean with English abstract).
37 Kim, J.H., Joo, H.J., Kim, J.H., Kim, F.L. and Park, S.J., 2006, Effect of Thermal Aging Temperature on Weight Loss and Glass Transition Temperature of Epoxy Adhesives, Elastomer, 41(1), 19-26. (in Korean with English abstract).
38 Kim, H.J., Koh, M.J., Lim, S.K., Lee, T.J. and Hwang, H.S., 2013, A Study on the Ratio between Epoxy putty and Original Sculpey for the Ceramic Restoration-As Focus on the White Porcelain of the Joseon Dynasty Period-, Conservation Science in Museum, 14, 29-35. (in Korean with English abstract).
39 Lee, D.H., Hwang, H.S. and Shin, M.K., 2012, Conservation Process of Large -earthen ware in Geumgangsa Temple Site-A Study on the Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Used for Large-earthen Ware Joining-, Conservation Science in Museum, 13, 1-11. (in Korean with English abstract).
40 Lee, S.S., 1993, Conservation of Pottery, Journal of Conservation Science, 2(2), 63-69. (in Korean)
41 Lee, S.S. and Ahn, B.C., 2008, A pioneer in the Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Assets, Hanrimwon, Seoul, 208. (in Korean)
42 Lee, S.Y., 2002, Analysis of surface ageing mechanism by UV-treatment on outdoor polymeric insulating materials, Master's Thesis, Inha University. (in Korean with English abstract).
43 Meyer, F., Sanz, G., Eceiza, A., and Mondragon, I., 1995, The effect of stoichiometry and thermal history during cure on structure and properties of epoxy networks, Polymer, 36(7), 1407-1414.   DOI
44 Lee, H.K., Choi, H.W., Lee, S.L. and Gwak, H.I., 2013, Conservation of The Human Shaped Terra Cotta Mask Excavated from Jungcheon-ri, Jinju, Conservation Science in Museum, 14, 23-28. (in Korean with English abstract).
45 Lee, H.S. and Yun, E.Y., 2007, Conservation of Porcelain Possessed by Jeonju National Museum, -Rice-baleshaped battle white porcelain and Big jar with incised fish design buncheon ware-, Conservation Science in Museum, 8, 31-40. (in Korean with English abstract).
46 Lim, K.B., Nam, K.D., Kim, K.H., Park, S.H. and Hwang, M.H., 2008, A Study on the Thermal Degradation Properties of Epoxy Resin for Cast Resin Transformer, J. of Korean Institute of Fire Sci. & Eng., 22(2), 44-48. (in Korean with English abstract).
47 Nam, B.J., 2007, Study on the weathering of adhesives and restoration materials for iron artifacts, Master's Thesis, Gyeongju University. (in Korean with English abstract).
48 Nam, B.J., Jeong, S.R. and Jang, S.Y., 2012, Study on the Demand Characteristics of Epoxy Resins Applied to the Restoration of Ceramics, Journal of Adhesion and Interface, 13(4), 171-181. (in Korean with English abstract).   DOI
49 NRICH, 2012, Stability Estimation of Adhesives for Ceramic Restoration : Result Report, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, Daejeon, 28. (in Korean with English abstract).
50 Osswald, T.A. and Menges, G., 1998, Materials Science of Polymers for Engineers, Sigmapress, Seoul, 371-377. (in Korean).