Browse > Article

Lithological Characteristics and Deterioration Diagnosis of Dosolammaaebulsang (Rock-carved Buddha Statue of Dosolam) in the Seonunsa Temple, Gochang, Korea  

Park, Sung-Mi (Division of Conservation Science, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
Ryu, Keong-Seok (Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation Sciences, Kongju National University)
Choi, Hee-Soo (Hanrim Conservation & Technology)
Lee, Chan-Hee (Division of Conservation Science, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
Publication Information
Journal of Conservation Science / v.27, no.1, 2011 , pp. 101-114 More about this Journal
Abstract
The rock-carved Buddha statue at Dosolam (Korea Treasure No. 1200) of the Seonunsa temple in Gochang is unique style sculptured on natural rock cliff of 13.0m height. The Buddha statue is composed of volcanic complex with tuff, dacitic tuff breccia, tuff bereccia and lithic tuff. Especially, the Buddha statue is characterized by hydrothermal alteration and fragmentation on the upper and lower part. As a result of damage diagnosis, exfoliation and detachment of physical weathering are high of 11.3% and 9.3%, respectively. Infrared thermography analysis, exfoliation and micro-cracks occurred in the measuring parts that have not been confirmed by naked eyes. Chemical index of alteration and weathering potential index of host rock for the Buddha statue are 55.16 to 64.01 and 6.14 to 9.92 which are represented within highly weathering degree. In surface, dark black, reddish brown and white discoloration are observed prominently in the lower. Brown discoloration 6.9% is highest. According to the P-XRF measurements, high concentration of Fe in common, in part of dark black discoloration was Mn, white and brown discoloration in part of S and Ca content were higher. Biological weathering that yellowish brown and dark gray crustoes lichenes appeared by 20.8% and 13.3%, respectively. Therefore, comprehensive deterioration rate of Buddha statue show physical damage by 21.2%, discoloration for inorganic contaminants by 10.8% and biological damage by 39.4%. Ultrasonic velocity measurement carried out of Buddha statue on the surface by 555 points. Measured value of ultrasonic velocity was about 2,273m/s(1,067 to 3,215m/s, and weathering coefficient is 0.5(0.4 to 0.8) that progress on MW(moderately weathered) to HW(highly weathered) grade of rocks.
Keywords
Rock-carved Buddha statue at Dosolam; Tuff; Weathering; Exfoliation; Discoloration; Ultrasonic measurement;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 서만철, 송인선, 최희수, "암석의 파괴 확률 분석을 통한 불국사 삼층석탑 구조 안전 진단". 지구물리, 4, p57-69, (2001).
2 문명대, "마애불 ". 대원사, p131, (1991).
3 Illiev, I.G., "An attempt to measure the degree of weathering of intrusive rocks from their physico-mechanical properties". Proceedings of the First International Congress, International Society of Rock Mechanics, Lisbon, 1, p109-114, (1967).
4 조용준, "선운사․내소사․개암사의 역사". 한국고고미술연구소, 미술사학지, 3, (2000).
5 조지현, 조영훈, 전유근, 최준현, 이찬희, "봉화 북지리마애 여래좌상의 비파괴 정밀진단과 사면안정성 분석". 보존과학회지, 26, p121-132, (2010).
6 이선명, 이찬희, 최석원, 윤석봉, "서산마애삼존불상의 훼손상태 및 불연속면의 거동특성". 보존과학회지, 19, p85-98, (2006).
7 백승철, 김용태, 김홍택, 윤준식, 이윤규, "초음파 속도를 이용한 암석의 일축압축강도 평가". 한국지반환경공학회 논문집, 7, p33-42, (2006).
8 Tamer, T. and Burak, S., "Deterioration mechanisms of tuffs in Midas monument". Engineering Geology, 68, p201-223, (2003).   DOI
9 한국민족문화대백과, "선운사 도솔암 관련자료". http://www. encykorea.com/.
10 Lee, C.H., Lee, M.S., Kim, Y.T. and Kim, J.Y., "Deterioration assessment and conservation of a heavily degraded Korean stone Buddha from the 9th Century". Studies in Conservation, 51, p305-316, (2006).
11 김정빈, "고창 지석묘군 상석 채굴지 지표조사 보고서: 부록- 고창군 고창읍 죽림리와 아산면 운곡리 부근의 지질". 전주대학교 역사문화연구소, p91-110, (1999).
12 이현호, 이주영, "적외선카메라를 이용한 섬유쉬트 보강 공법의 결함검지". 대한건축학회, 16, p1-4, (2000).
13 이동식, 이찬희, 김사덕, "익산 미륵사지 석탑의 백화현상과 제어를 위한 용출실험". 보존과학회지, 19, p5-18, (2006).
14 Nockolds, S.R. and Allen, R., "Average chemical compositins of some igneous rocks". Geological et Cosmochemica Acta, 48, p1523-1534, (1954).
15 Govindaraju, K., "Compilation of working values and samples description for 272 geostandards". Geostandards Newsletter, 13, p1-113, (1989).
16 Henderson, P. and Pankhurst, R.J., "Analytical chemistry, In: Henderson, P.(ed), Rare earth element geochemistry". Elsevir, Amsterdam, p467-499, (1984).
17 Pearce, J.A., "Role of sub-continental lithosphere in magma genesis at active continental margines". In Hawkesworth, C.J. and Norry, M.J. (eds.), Continental basalts and mantle xenolith, Shiva, p230-249, (1983).
18 Nesbitt, H.W. and Young, G.M., "Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites". Nature, 299, p715-717, (1982).   DOI
19 Nesbitt, H.W. and Young, G.M., "Prediction of some weathering trends of plutonic and volcanic rocks based on thermodynamic and kinetic considerations". Geochemica et Cosmochemica Acta, 48, p1523-1534, (1984).   DOI   ScienceOn
20 강형규, "열화상 기법을 이용한 구조물 결함에 대한 실험적 연구". 진주산업대학교 산업대학원 토목공학과 석사학위논문, p1-16, (2007).
21 이찬희, 김무연, 조영훈, 이명성, "중원탑평리칠층석탑의 재질특성과 산지추정 및 손상도 진단을 통한 보존처리". 문화재, 43, p4-25, (2010).
22 May, E., Lewis, F.J., Pereira, S., Seaward, M.R.D. and Allsopp, D., "Microbial deterioration of building stone-a review". Biodeterioration Abstracts, 7, p109-123, (1993).
23 Fitzner, B., Heinrichs, K., "The Bangudae petroglyph in Ulsan, Korea: Studies on weathering damage and risk prognosis". Environmental Geology, 46, p504-526, (2004).
24 박성미, 이명성, 최석원, 이찬희, "화순 운주사 석조불감의 재질특성과 풍화훼손도 평가". 보존과학회지, 24, p23- 36, (2008).