Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2019.0461

Determinations of Toltrazuril and Toltrazuril Sulfone Levels in Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Samples Using Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry  

Hong, Do Hee (Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Kim, Ah Hyun (Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Lee, Ka Jeong (Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Yoon, Minchul (Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Son, Kwang Tae (Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Kim, Myoung Sug (Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Kim, Na Young (Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Jung, Sung Hee (Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Jo, Mi Ra (Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences / v.52, no.5, 2019 , pp. 461-467 More about this Journal
Abstract
Several studies investigating the prevention and treatment of external parasites in farmed olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus have found that the anticoccidial agent toltrazuril sulfone is an effective antiparasitic. Prior to undertaking a full-scale study, we developed analytical methods to detect the levels of toltrazuril and toltrazuril sulfone in farmed flounder samples using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This analysis showed that LC-MS/MS changed the mobile phase and collision energy of toltrazuril and toltrazuril sulfone. This was validated using established conditions. Sample pre-treatment for this process involved extraction with dichloromethane and purification by liquid-liquid extraction in formic acid, acetonitrile, and h-hexane, followed by determination of all compounds by LC-MS/MS. Separation was achieved within 10 min by gradient elution using a Capcell Pak C18 ($3.0{\mu}m$, $100{\times}2.0mm$) analytical column (Shiseido UG 120V) with a mixture of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid and acetonitrile. Multiple reaction monitoring was used for selective detection of toltrazuril and toltrazuril sulfone. This method yields satisfactory results for linearity, precision, and limits of quantification. Therefore, the method established in our study will serve as a basis for further research on parasite control by toltrazuril and toltrazuril sulfone.
Keywords
Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE); LC-MS/MS; Olive flounder; Toltrazuril; Toltrazuril sulfone;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Ai L, Sun H, Wang F, Chen R and Guo C. 2011. Determination of diclazuril, toltrazuril and its two metabolites in poultry tissues and eggs by gel permeation chromatography-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromato B 879, 1757-1763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.201104.021.   DOI
2 Buiarelli F, Filippo PD, Riccardi C, Pomata D, GiannettiL, Neri B and Rago D. 2017. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis of synthetic coccidiostat in eggs. Separations 4, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations4020015.   DOI
3 Causon R. 1997. Validation of chromatographic methods in biomedical analysis viewpoint and discussion. J Chromatogr B 689, 175-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(96)00297-6.   DOI
4 Clarke L, Fodey TL, Crooks SRH, Moloney M, O'Mahony J, Delahaut P, O'Kennedy R and Danaher M. 2014. A review of coccidiostats and the analysis of their residues in meat and other food. Meat Sci 97, 358-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.01.004.   DOI
5 EMEA (The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products Veterinary Medicines Evaluation Unit). 1998. Committee for veterinary medicinal products, toltrazuril, Summary report (1). EMEA/MRL/314/97-FINAL. EMEA, London, U.K.
6 Li H, Kijak PJ, Turnipseed SB and Cui W. 2006. Analysis of veterinary drug residues in shrimp: A multi-class method by liquid chromatography-quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. J Chromato B 836, 22-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.03.025.   DOI
7 Furr M, Kennedy T, MacKay R, Reed S, Andrews F, Bernard B, Bain F and Byars D. Efficacy of ponazuril 15% oral paste as a treatment for equine protozoal Myeloencephalitis. Vet Therapeu 2, 215-222.
8 Kim MS, Lim JH, Hwang YH, Park BK, Song IB and Yun HI. 2010. Plasma disposition of toltrazuril and its metabolites, toltrazuril sulfoxide and toltrazuril sulfone, in rabbits after oral administration. Vet Parasitol 169, 51-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.12.011.   DOI
9 KMFDA (Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety). 2019. Korea food code. Chart 8. General methods 8.3.3 Nicarbazine, decoquinate, dicyclanil, diaveridine, diclazuril, robenidine, roxarsone, amprolium, ethopabate, imidocarb, zoalene, clopidol, halofuginone, toltrazuril. Retrieved from https:www.foodsafetykorea.go.kr/portal/safefoodlife/food/foodRvlv.do?menu_grp=MENU_NEW04&meau_no=3101 on Apr 8, 2019.
10 Moloney M, Clarke L, O'Mahony J, Gadaj A, O'Kennedy R and Danaher M. 2012. Determination of 20 coccidiostats in egg and avian muscle tissue using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromato A 1253, 94-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.001.   DOI
11 Lindsay DS, Dubey JP and Kennedy TJ. 2000. Determination of the activity of ponazuril against Sarcocystis neuron in cell cultures. Vet Parasitol 92, 165-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4017(00)00280-6.   DOI
12 Frank RP, Mackay RJ, Gillis KD Tanhauser SM, Ginn PE and Kennedy TH. 2003. Effect of a single dose of ponazuril on neural infection and clinical disease in Sarcocystis neurona-challenged interferon-gamma knock-out mice. Vet Parasitol 114, 23-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4017(03)00127-4.
13 Olsen J, Björklund E, Krogh KA and Hansen M. 2012. Development of an analytical methodology for the determination of the antiparasitic drug toltrazuril and its two metabolites in surface water, soil and animal manure. Analytica Chimica Acta 755, 69-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2012.10.015.   DOI
14 Maes D, Vyt P, Rabaeys P and Gevaert D. 2007. Effects of toltrazuril on the growth of piglets in herds without clinical isosporosis. Vet J 173, 197-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.07.002.   DOI