Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2011.0635

Preparation of Commercial Agarose from Jeju Seaweed, Gelidium amansii using DMSO Extraction and EDTA Washing  

Kang, Tai-Hwan (e-Jeju Farm Co.)
Lee, Seung-Hong (Department of Marine life Science, Jeju National University)
Baik, Jong-Seok (Department of Chemistry, Jeju National University)
Kang, Byung-Sik (Halla Bio Lab Co. LTD.)
Lee, Jung-Suck (Jeju Olive Flounder Global Brand Promotion Agency)
Lee, Nam-Ho (Department of Chemistry, Jeju National University)
Jeon, You-Jin (e-Jeju Farm Co.)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences / v.44, no.6, 2011 , pp. 635-643 More about this Journal
Abstract
Agar was prepared from Gelidium amansii collected from Jeju Island, South Korea. This agar preparation has high gel strength and low sulfate content compared with G. amansii agar from Morocco. Accordingly, agarose was made from the Jeju agar through the consecutive refining processes of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extraction and ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) washing. The physicochemical properties of the resulting agarose were compared with those from agarose prepared using only DMSO extraction. Consecutive DMSO extraction and EDTA washing more strongly affected the physicochemical properties of the agarose (purified agarose) compared with the use of DMSO extraction alone. These properties were similar to those of commercial agarose used for electrophoresis. In DNA electrophoresis, the separation and movement speed of the purified agarose were similar to those of the commercial agarose. In a $^{13}C$ NMR analysis, the purified agarose exhibited the same carbon peak as the commercial agarose. When observed under scanning electron microscopy, the agar had an even and smooth surface without irregularities or pores, and the purified agarose had a wide surface area with a large number of pores; the commercial agarose had an irregular surface that would allow the solvent to easily permeate. These results illustrate that the physicochemical properties of agarose prepared from DMSO extraction and EDTA washing were more effective than those observed after DMSO extraction alone; thus, these processes used in succession will be useful in agarose industries.
Keywords
Gelidium amansii; Jeju Island; DMSO extraction and EDTA washing processing; Agarose; Physicochemical properties;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Mollet JC, Rahaoui A and Lemoine Y. 1998. Yield, chemical composition and gel strength of agarocolloids of Gracilaria gracilis, Gracilariopsis longissima and the newly reported Gracilaria cf. vermiculophylla from Roscoff (Brittany, France). J Appl Phycol 10, 59-66.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Murano E. 1995. Chemical structure and quality of agars from Gracilaria. J appl Phycol 7, 245-254.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Patil NB and Kale NR. 1973. A simple procedure for the preparation of agarose for gel electrophoresis. Ind J Biochem Biophys 10, 160-163.
4 Praiboon J, Chirapart A, Akakabe Y, Bhumibhamon O and Kajiwarac T. 2006. Physical and chemical characterization of agar polysaccharides extracted from the Thai and Japanese species of Gracilaria. Scienceasia 32, 1513-1874.
5 Russell B, Mead TH and Polson A. 1964. A method of preparing agarose. Biochim Biophys Acta 86, 169-174.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Suzuki H, Sawai Y and Takada M. 2001. The Effect of Apparent Molecular Weigh and Components of Agar on Gel Formation. Food Sci Technol Res 7, 280-284.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Tagawa S. 1966. Separation of agar-agar by dimethyl sulfoxide into agarose and agaropectin. J Shiminoseki Fish Univ 14, 165-171.
8 Tagawa S. 1968. Chemical studies on manufacture of agaragar. Suisan Daigakko Kenkyu Hoboku 17, 83-86.
9 Yoon HS and Park YH. 1985. Studies on the composition of agarose and agaropectin in agar-agar. (2) Seasonal Variation in the composition of agarose and agaropectin in agar prepared from Gellidium amansii. Bull Kor Fish Soc 18, 37-43.
10 Zabin B. 1966. Agarose use of DEAE cellulose to remove the anionic polysaccharides from agar. U.S Patent 3, 423, 396.
11 Gamini A, Toffanin R, Murano E and Rizzo R. 1997. Hydrogen-bonding and conformation of agarose in methyl sulfoxide and aqueous solutions investigated by $^{1}H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopy. Carbohyd Res 304, 293-302.   DOI
12 Glickman SA and Shubtosova IG. 1957. Physical chemistry of agar. Part II. Theory and practice of agar fractionation. Koll Zhur 16, 281-286.
13 Guiseley KB. 1970. The relationship between methoxyl content and gelling temperature of agarose. Carbohyd Res 13, 247-256.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Guiseley KB, Kirkpatrick FH, Provonchee RB, Dumais MM, Nochumson S. 1993. A further fractionation of agarose. Hydrobiologia 261, 505-511.   DOI
15 Hjerten S. 1962. A new method for preparation of agarose for gel electrophoresis. Biochim Biophys Acta 62, 445-449.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Izumi K. 1970. A new method for fractionation of agar. Agr Biol Chem 34, 1739-1740.   DOI
17 Jeon YJ, Yasantha A and Lee J. Characterization of agarose product from Agar using DMSO. Algae 20, 61-67.   DOI
18 Kang HI, Ko MS, Kim HJ, Kim WS and Bae TJ. 1985. Fluid properties and Quality of agar solution from cheju seaweed, Gellidium amansii . J Kor Fish Soc 29, 716-721.
19 Kim DS, Kim HR, Kim JH and Pyeun JH. 2000. Pilot-scale preparation and physicochemical characteristics of microbiological agar from Gelidium amansii in Korea. J Kor Fish Soc 33, 70-74.
20 Kim HG and Son HJ. 1997. Comparison of Thermal properties and surface structures of unmodified, spray-dried, and extrusion-dried agar. Kor J Food and Nutr 10, 234-240.
21 Korean Fisheries Society. 1998. Annual Statistics of Fisheries. Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, Korea
22 Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. 2006. Fishery Production Survey, 80.
23 Armisen R. 1995. World-wide use and importance of Gracilaria. J Appl Phycol 7, 231-243.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Armisen R and Galactas F. 1987. Production, properties and uses of agar. In: Production and Utilisation of Products from Commercial Seaweeds. McHugh DJ, ed. FAO Fish Tech Paper, 288, 1-57.
25 Arnot S, Fulmer A, Scott WE, Deea ICM, Morehouse R and Rees DA. 1974. The agarose double helix and its function in agarose gel structure. J Mol Biol 90, 269-284.   DOI
26 Azhitskii GY and Kobozev GV. 1967. Use of ammonium sulfate to first eliminate agaropectin and then precipitate agarose. Lab Delo 3, 143-145.
27 Baterling SJ. 1969. A simple method for the preparation of agarose. Clin Chem 15, 1002-1005.
28 Corongiu G, Forlini SL and Clementi E. 1983. Hydration of agarose double helix: a Montecarlo simulation. Int J Quant Chem: Quant Biol Symp 10, 227-291.
29 Do JR. 1997. Extraction and purification of agar from Gelidium amansii . J Kor Fish Soc 30, 423-427.
30 Do JR and Oh SW. 1999. Preparation of agarose from Gelidium amansii for gel electrophoresis using various purification methods and its resolution characteristics for DNA. Kor J Food Sci Technol 31, 110-114.
31 Dodgson KS and Price RG. 1962. A note on the determination of the ester sulphate content of sulphated polysaccharides. Biochem J 84, 106-110.   DOI
32 Duckworth M and Yaphe W. 1971. The structure of agar. Part I. Fractionation of a complex mixture of polysaccharides. Carbohyd Res 16, 189-197.   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Fuse T and Goto F. 1971. Some properties of agarose and agaropectin isolated from various mucilaginous substances of red seaweeds. Agr Biol Chem 35, 799-804.   DOI
34 Fuse T and Katsuura K. 1967. The properties of agarose and agaropectin solution isolated by sodium iodide. Kogyo Kagaku Zasshi. 70, 724-728.   DOI
35 Araki C and Hirase S. 1960. Studies on the chemical constitution of agar-agar. Bull Chem Soc Jap 33, 597-600.   DOI
36 Allan GC and Johnson PG. 1971. Marine polymers. Part I. A new procedure for the fractionation of agar. Carbohyd Res 17, 234-236.   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Araki C. 1937. Acetylation of agar like substance of Gelidium amansii . J Chem Soc Jpn 58, 1338-1350.