Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.15701/kcgs.2015.21.3.27

Ambient Occlusion Volume Rendering using Multi-Range Statistics  

Nam, Jinhyun (Dept. of Information Systems Engineering, Hansung University)
Kye, Heewon (Dept. of Information Systems Engineering, Hansung University)
Abstract
This study presents a volume rendering method using ambient occlusion which is one of global illumination methods. By considering the volume density distribution as normal distribution, ambient occlusion can be calculated at real-time speed regardless of modification of opacity transfer function. We calculate and store the averages and standard deviations of densities in a block centered at each voxel in pre-processing time. In rendering process, we determine the illumination value by estimating the nearby opacity. We generalized theoretical model and generated better quality images improving our previous research. In detail, various shapes of transfer function can be used due to the proposed equation model. Moreover, we introduced a multi-range model to give nearer objects more weight. As the result, more realistic volume rendering image can be generated at real-time speed by mixing local and ambient occlusion shading.
Keywords
Volume rendering; Medical image visualization; Global illumination; Ambient occlusion; Local statistics;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 M. Levoy, "Display of Surfaces from Volume Data," IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Vol. 8, pp.29-37. 1988.   DOI
2 P. SabelIa, "A Rendering Algorithm for Visualizing 3D Scalar Fields," ACM SIGGRAPH 1988 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, New York, USA, pp.51-58. 1988
3 C. Rezk-Salama, K. Engel, M. Bauer, G. Greiner, and T. Ertl, "Interactive Volume Rendering on Standard PC Graphics Hardware Using Multi-Textures and Multi-Stage Rasterization," ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Workshop on Graphics Hardware 2000, pp.109-118, 2000.
4 J. Kruger and R. Westermann, "Acceleration Techniques for GPU-based Volume Rendering," Visualization, IEEE, VIS2003, Ortober, 2003.
5 K. Engel, M. Hadwiger, J. M. Kniss, C. Rezk-Salama, and D. Weiskopf, "Real-Time Volume Graphics," Wellesley, Massachusetts, 2006.
6 N. Max, "Optical Models for Direct Volume Rendering," IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp.99-108, Jun, 1995.   DOI
7 L. Bavoil, M. Sainz, and R. Dimitrov, "Image-Space Horizon-Based Ambient Occlusion," ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 talks, No.22, New York, USA, 2008.
8 J. Kontkanen and S. Laine, "Ambient Occlusion Fields," ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Symposium, Interactive 3D Graphics and Games, 2005.
9 T. Ropinski, J. Meyer-Spradow, S. Diepenbrock, J. Mensmann, and K. Hinrichs, "Interactive Volume Rendering with Dynamic Ambient Occlusion and Color Bleeding," Computer Graphics Forum(Eurographics 2008), Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.567-576, 2008.
10 M. Bunnell, "Dynamic Ambient Occlusion and Indirect Lighting," GPU Gems 2, M.Pharr, Ed., Addison Wesley, pp.223-233, 2005.
11 J. Nam and H. Kye, "Fast Ambient Occlusion Volume Rendering using Local Statistics," Journal of Korea Multimedia Society, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp.158-167, February, 2015.   DOI
12 OpenGL, https://www.opengl.org/, (accessed Jun., 20, 2015)
13 CUDA, https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-zone, (accessed Jun., 20, 2015)
14 Y. Jung, "CUDA Parallel Programming," Freelec, Seoul, Korea, 2011.
15 F. Hernell, P. Ljung, and A. Tnnerman, "Local Ambient Occlusion in Direct Volume Rendering," IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp.548-559, 2010.   DOI
16 L. Marsalek, A. Hauber, and P. Slusalled, "High-Speed Volume Ray Casting With CUDA," Interactive Ray Triacing, RT 2008. IEEE Symposium, pp.9-10, 2008.
17 M. Levoy, "Efficient Ray Tracing of Volume Data," ACM Transactions on Graphics, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp.245-261, 1990   DOI
18 W. Li, K. Mueller, and A. Kaufman, "Empty Space Skipping and Occlusion Clipping for Texture-Based Volume Rendering," In Proceedings of IEEE Visualization Conference (2003), pp.317-324, 2003.