Browse > Article

Exploration of the Structure of Self-esteem and Development of the Self-esteem Scale among Korean Adults  

Cha, Gyeong-Ho (호서대학교)
Hong, Gi-Won (호서대학교)
Kim, Myeong-So (호서대학교)
Han, Yeong-Seok (중앙공무원교육원)
Publication Information
Korean journal of psychology:General / v.25, no.1, 2006 , pp. 105-139 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the structure of self-esteem among Korean adults and to develop a Korean Self-esteem Scale. 61 Korean adults participated in FGI (Focused Group Interview) in which they were asked to indicate situations enhancing their self-esteem as well as situations depressing their self-esteem. The content analysis of their responses yielded 14 categories with 148 characteristics of self-esteem. The list of 148 items, Rosenberg's self-esteem scale(1979), and Ryff's psychological well-being scale(1989) were administered to a nationwide sample of 1503 Korean adults in order to assess their self-esteem and psychological well-being through 6-point Likert scale. Responses from 877 participants were submitted to exploratory factor analysis and 70 items with low factor coefficient were deleted. The Korean Self-esteem Scale consisted of 78 items and 11 factors. Confirmatory factor analysis of the responses from the 611 adults showed that the 11 factor structure derived from the exploratory factor analysis was appropriate. The Korean Self-esteem Scale showed relatively high correlations with Rosenberg's self-esteem scale and Ryff's psychological well-being scale, respectively r=.39, .68. These results supported the construct validity of the Korean Self-esteem Scale. Finally the implications and limitations of the present study were discussed.
Keywords
self-esteem; self-esteem scale; psychological well-being;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 곽금주, 김근영 (1996). 자기지각 검사에 의한 자가 개념연구(I): 대학생의 우울 및 자기상과 관련하여. 인간발달연구 3(1), 1-14
2 곽금주, 김근영 (1997). 자기가치감과 우울 및 비행 간의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 발달 10(1), 15-26
3 강영자(2000). 중고등학생이 지각한 가족의 사회적 지지와 자아존중감. 한국생활과학회지. 9(4). 421-428
4 양계민, 정진경 (1993). 자신의 신체적 매력에 대한 인식이 자아존중감에 미치는 영향: 청소년기를 중심으로. 한국심리학회 '93 연차대회 학술발표논문집 67-74
5 이은해, 신숙재, 송영주 (1992) 초등학교 3-6학년 아동을 위한 자아지각 척도 개발에 관한 연구. Yonsei Journal of Eutbenics. 6, 175-191
6 이진화, 전경숙 (1995). 연령, 성별, 사회측정적 지위에 따른 아동의 자기능력지각과 부모의 책임지각. 대한가정학회지, 33(6), 225-245
7 홍성열 (1998) 범죄예방을 위한 자아존중감의 탐색. 교정연구, 8, 213-236
8 차경호 (2001) 대학생들의 성격특성과 삶의 만족도. 청소년상담연구, 9(1), 7-26
9 Berk, L. E. (1991). Child development(2nd Ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon
10 Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by multitrait- multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56, 81-105
11 Fleming, J. S., & Courtesy, B. E. (1984), 'Hierarchical facet model for reviewed measurement scale', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(2), 404-421   DOI
12 Gordon, D. (1969). Self-conceptions methodologies, Journal of Nervous & Mental Disorders, 148, 328-364   DOI
13 Harter, S. (1986). The determinant and mediational role of global self-worth in the children. In Eisenberg(Eds). Contemporary topic of developmental Psychology(pp.219-224). New York: Wiley
14 Harter, S. (1990). Issues In the assessment of the self concept of children and adolescents. In A. LaGreca(Ed.), Through the eyes of a child(pp 292-325). Boston: Allyn and Bacon
15 Knoff, H. M. (1983). Personality assessment In the schools: Issues and procedures for school psychologists. School Psychology Review, 12, 391-398
16 Olivarez, J. R. (1985). Behavior ratings and school performance of Black, Coucasian, and Hispanic elementary male students. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Michigan State university, Lansing
17 Tucker, M. D. (1985). Academic achievement, physical fitness performance, and behavior ratings of sixth grade pupils with varying chronological ages. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
18 Smith, P. G. (1985). Classroom behaviors: academic achievement: and self. teacher, and parent perceptions of elementary SBH and SLD children. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, Columbus
19 Shavelson, R. J., Huber, J. J., & Stanton, G. C. (1976). Self concept: Validation of construct interpretations. Review of Educational Research, 46, 407 -441   DOI
20 Judge, T. A., & Bono, J. E. (2001). Relationship of core self-evaluations traits, self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability-with job satisfaction and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 1270-1279   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 57, 1069-1081   DOI
22 이주리 (1994) 아동의 역량지각과 관련변인들간의 인과모형분석. 대한가정학회지, 32(4), 193- 208
23 김희화, 김경연 (1993) 아동의 자아존중감: 구성영역과 발달, 아동학회지, 14(1), 129-140
24 송인섭 (1994) 자아개념의 다면.위계적 모형. 교육심리연구, 8(2), 47-67
25 Gondolf, E. W. (1985). Men Who Better. Holmes Beach, FL: Learning Publishing Co.
26 MacDonald, J. M. (1975). Armed robbery offenders and their victims. Sprinfiend, IL.: Charles C. Thoman
27 김문혜, 강문희 (1999). 아동의 자아존중감 관련 변인의 인과모형 분석 서울여자대학교 일반대학원. 박사학위 청구논문
28 Wylie, R. C. (1979). The self-concept: Vol.2. Theory and research on selected topics. Lincoln: Unidversity of Nebraska Press
29 김기정, 이건만 (1995) 자아개념의 발달적 변화. 김기정, 자아의 발달(pp. 233-287) 서울: 문음사
30 Bandura, A. (1969). Principles of behavior modification. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston
31 Brown, L., & Alexander, J. (1991). Self-esteem index. Austin, TX: PRO-ED
32 김희화, 김경연 (1999). 청소년의 자아존중감 성별차이와 발달적 변화. 대한가정학회지, 37(5). 1-17
33 Wiehe, V. R. (1991). Perilous rivarly: When siblings become abusive. Lexington. M. A.: Heath/Lexington Books
34 Anderson, S. C., & Lauderdale, M. L. (1982). Characteristics of abusive parents: A look at self-esteem. Child Abuse and Neglect, 6, 285-293   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Finehout, P. J. (1983). The effectiveness of 'good student' skill training with underachieving high school students. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, University Park
36 Sedikides, C., & Brewer, M. B. (2001). Individual self, relational self, collective self. In A. Sedikides, & M. B. Brewer (Ed.), Individual self. relational self. collective self(pp. 1-6), Philadelphia: Psychology Press
37 Johnson, J. P. (1981). A comparison of self-rated behaviors of students in different special education settings as measured by the Behavior Rating Profile. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Kansas, Lawrence
38 Martin, M. J. (1985). An investigation of students' and teachers' perceptions of affective and behavioral correlates of academic achievement. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle
39 Harter, S. (1983). Developmental perspectives on the self system. In E. M. Hetherington(Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: vol 4. Socialization, personality, and social development (4th ed., pp. 275-385). New York: Wiley
40 Marsh, H. W. (1993). Relations between global and specific domains of self: The importance of individual importance, certainty, and ideals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(5), 975-992   DOI   ScienceOn
41 Elliott, G. L. (1984). Dimensions of the self-concept a sources of further distinctions in the nature of self consciousness in the nature of self-consciousness, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 13. 285-307   DOI   ScienceOn
42 Long, E. E. (1990). The anatomy of terrorism, NY: Free Press
43 Marsh, C., & Gouvernet, P. J. (1989). Multidimentsional self concepts and perceptions of control: Construct validation of response by children, Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 57-69   DOI
44 박아청 (1983) 현대발달심리학, 서울: 형셜출판사
45 Coopersmith, S. (1967). The antecedents of self-esteem. San Francisco: Freeman
46 Rosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the self. New York: Basic Books
47 김명소, 김혜원, 차경호 (2001). 심리적 안녕감의 구성개념 분석: 한국 성인 남녀를 대상으로. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 15(2), 19-40
48 Baumeister, R. F., & Tice, D. M. (1985). Self esteem and responses to success and failure: Subsequent performance and intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality, 53. 450-467   DOI
49 Markus, H., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation, Psychological Review, 98, 224-253   DOI
50 Kirschner, D. (1992) Understanding adoptees who kill: Dissociation, particide and the psychodynamics of adoption, International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 36, 323-333   DOI
51 Mussen, P. H., Conger, J. J., Kagan, J., & Huston, A. E. (1984). Child development and personality(sixth Ed.), New York: Harper & Row
52 홍기원, 김명소, 이종택, 한영석 (2004) 한국 성인 남녀의 자존감 구성요인에 대한 탐색적 연구. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 8(3), 33-52