Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2022.55.6.642

Changes in body composition, body balance, metabolic parameters and eating behavior among overweight and obese women due to adherence to the Pilates exercise program  

Hyun Ju Kim (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Graduate School, Dong-A University)
Jihyun Park (Clinical Nutrition, Department of Health Science, Graduate School, Dong-A University)
Mi Ri Ha (Clinical Nutrition, Department of Health Science, Graduate School, Dong-A University)
Ye Jin Kim (Clinical Nutrition, Department of Health Science, Graduate School, Dong-A University)
Chaerin Kim (Clinical Nutrition, Department of Health Science, Graduate School, Dong-A University)
Oh Yoen Kim (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Graduate School, Dong-A University)
Publication Information
Journal of Nutrition and Health / v.55, no.6, 2022 , pp. 642-655 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: We examined the effects of the 8-week moderate-intensity Pilates exercise program on body composition, balance ability, metabolic parameters, arterial condition, and eating habits among overweight and obese women. Methods: From the general sample of overweight or obese Korean women (body mass index ≥ 23 kg/m2 ), those who had not been diagnosed with any chronic degenerative diseases were enrolled in the study (n = 39). After 8 weeks of the Pilates exercise program, the participants were subdivided into adherence and non-adherence groups. Among the study participants, 24 women were matched for age and menopausal status to reduce the bias, and then finally included for the comparison (Pilates-adherence, n = 12; Pilates-non-adherence, n = 12). Results: The body balance measured by the Y-balance test, body mass index, and subcutaneous fat areas were significantly improved in both groups. However, the Pilate-sadherence group showed more positive changes in body balance and had significant improvement in body composition parameters such as waist size, visceral fat area, systolic blood pressure, arterial aging index, fasting blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin than the Pilates-non-adherence group. In addition, the nutrition quotient for Korean adults (balance, moderation, and behavior except diversity) were significantly improved in both groups after dietary education. However, the participants did not show dramatic improvement in the metabolic parameters, because all the study subjects were in relatively good health and did not have any diagnosed diseases. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that higher adherence to the Pilates exercise program together with a modification of eating habits may effectively improve body balance, body composition, and obesity-related parameters among overweight and obese women.
Keywords
exercise; eating; education; obesity; body composition;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Sonestedt E, Hellstrand S, Drake I, Schulz CA, Ericson U, Hlebowicz J, et al. Diet quality and change in blood lipids during 16 years of follow-up and their interaction with genetic risk for dyslipidemia. Nutrients 2016; 8(5): 274.
2 Fabry P, Hejl Z, Fodor J, Braun T, Zvolankova K. The frequency of meals. its relation to overweight, hypercholesterolaemia, and decreased glucose-tolerance. Lancet 1964; 2(7360): 614-615.
3 Yoon SR, Choi M, Kim OY. Effect of breakfast consumption and meal time regularity on nutrient intake and cardiometabolic health in Korean adults. J Lipid Atheroscler 2021; 10(2): 240-250.   DOI
4 Cakmakci O. The effect of 8 week Pilates exercise on body composition in obese women. Coll Antropol 2011; 35(4): 1045-1050.
5 Ko OS, Song SY, Cho HK. Effects of 12-week Pilates exercise program on body composition and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged women. Korean J Sport 2019; 17(1): 387-395. 
6 Kim YJ, Lee JY. Effect of Pilates and resistance exercises on vascular compliance, body composition in obese middle-aged women. Off J Korean Soc Dance Sci 2015; 32(2): 115-126.
7 Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. The third Korea National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey. Cheongju: Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency; 2020. 
8 National Statistical Office. Annual report on the cause of death statistics 2019. Seoul: National Statistical Office; 2020. 
9 Dekker JM, Girman C, Rhodes T, Nijpels G, Stehouwer CD, Bouter LM, et al. Metabolic syndrome and 10-year cardiovascular disease risk in the Hoorn Study. Circulation 2005; 112(5): 666-673.   DOI
10 Jang YN, Lee JH, Moon JS, Kang DR, Park SY, Cho J, et al. Metabolic syndrome severity score for predicting cardiovascular events: a nationwide population-based study from Korea. Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45(4): 569-577.   DOI
11 Huh JH, Kang DR, Kim JY, Koh KK; Taskforce Team of the Metabolic Syndrome Fact Sheet of the Korean Society of Cardiometabolic Syndrome. Metabolic syndrome fact sheet 2021: executive report. Cardiometab Syndr J 2021; 1(2): 125-134.   DOI
12 Lee TY, Yoon DS, Lee JG, Park OJ, Park HJ, Kim IS. Prevalence by factors associated with metabolic syndrome. J Korean Assoc Health Promot 2006; 4(1): 85-94. 
13 Suliga E, Koziel D, Ciesla E, Rebak D, Gluszek S. Dietary patterns in relation to metabolic syndrome among adults in Poland: a cross-sectional study. Nutrients 2017; 9(12): 1366.
14 Kant AK, Graubard BI. 40-year trends in meal and snack eating behaviors of American adults. J Acad Nutr Diet 2015; 115(1): 50-63.   DOI
15 St-Onge MP, Ard J, Baskin ML, Chiuve SE, Johnson HM, Kris-Etherton P, et al. Meal timing and frequency: implications for cardiovascular disease prevention: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2017; 135(9): e96-e121.   DOI
16 Jiang P, Turek FW. Timing of meals: when is as critical as what and how much. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 312(5): E369-E380.   DOI
17 Gordon-Larsen P. Food availability/convenience and obesity. Adv Nutr 2014; 5(6): 809-817.   DOI
18 Paoli A, Tinsley G, Bianco A, Moro T. The influence of meal frequency and timing on health in humans: the role of fasting. Nutrients 2019; 11(4): 719.
19 Yeo R, Yoon SR, Kim OY. The association between food group consumption patterns and early metabolic syndrome risk in non-diabetic healthy people. Clin Nutr Res 2017; 6(3): 172-182.   DOI
20 Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Fact sheet of the Korea National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey (1998-2018). Cheongju: Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency; 2020. 
21 Arnold JB, Causby R, Pod GD, Jones S. The impact of increasing body mass on peak and mean plantar pressure in asymptomatic adult subjects during walking. Diabet Foot Ankle 2010; 1(1): 5518.
22 Gravante G, Russo G, Pomara F, Ridola C. Comparison of ground reaction forces between obese and control young adults during quiet standing on a baropodometric platform. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2003; 18(8): 780-782.   DOI
23 Himes CL, Reynolds SL. Effect of obesity on falls, injury, and disability. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012; 60(1): 124-129.   DOI
24 Fjeldstad C, Fjeldstad AS, Acree LS, Nickel KJ, Gardner AW. The influence of obesity on falls and quality of life. Dyn Med 2008; 7(1): 4.
25 Sekendiz B, Altun O, Korkusuz F, Akin S. Effects of Pilates exercise on trunk strength, endurance and flexibility in sedentary adult females. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2007; 11(4): 318-326.   DOI
26 Wu X, Madigan ML. Impaired plantar sensitivity among the obese is associated with increased postural sway. Neurosci Lett 2014; 583: 49-54.    DOI
27 Duncan CS, Blimkie CJ, Cowell CT, Burke ST, Briody JN, Howman-Giles R. Bone mineral density in adolescent female athletes: relationship to exercise type and muscle strength. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002; 34(2): 286-294.   DOI
28 Ha CS. The effect of gradual load method exercise program on body composition and physical fitness in obese fatness women. Korean J Sports Sci 2004; 13(2): 757-766. 
29 Moreno-Segura N, Igual-Camacho C, Ballester-Gil Y, Blasco-Igual MC, Blasco JM. The effects of the Pilates training method on balance and falls of older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Aging Phys Act 2018; 26(2): 327-344.   DOI
30 Rayes AB, de Lira CA, Viana RB, Benedito-Silva AA, Vancini RL, Mascarin N, et al. The effects of Pilates vs. aerobic training on cardiorespiratory fitness, isokinetic muscular strength, body composition, and functional tasks outcomes for individuals who are overweight/obese: a clinical trial. PeerJ 2019; 7: e6022.
31 Jung K, Seo J, Jung WS, Kim J, Park HY, Lim K. Effects of an acute Pilates program under hypoxic conditions on vascular endothelial function in Pilates participants: a randomized crossover trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17(7): 2584.
32 Lee HS, Lee JW, Chang N, Kim JM. The effect of nutrition education and excercise program on body composition and dietary intakes, blood lipid and physical fitness in obese women. Korean J Nutr 2009; 42(8): 759-769.   DOI
33 Mignardot JB, Olivier I, Promayon E, Nougier V. Origins of balance disorders during a daily living movement in obese: can biomechanical factors explain everything? PLoS One 2013; 8(4): e60491.
34 Plisky PJ, Gorman PP, Butler RJ, Kiesel KB, Underwood FB, Elkins B. The reliability of an instrumented device for measuring components of the star excursion balance test. N Am J Sports Phys Ther 2009; 4(2): 92-99.
35 Sibella F, Galli M, Romei M, Montesano A, Crivellini M. Biomechanical analysis of sit-to-stand movement in normal and obese subjects. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2003; 18(8): 745-750.   DOI
36 Saibene F, Minetti AE. Biomechanical and physiological aspects of legged locomotion in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2003; 88(4-5): 297-316.   DOI
37 Cho BY, Seo DC, Lin HC, Lohrmann DK, Chomistek AK. BMI and central obesity with falls among community-dwelling older adults. Am J Prev Med 2018; 54(4): e59-e66.   DOI
38 Aladro-Gonzalvo AR, Machado-Diaz M, Moncada-Jimenez J, Hernandez-Elizondo J, Araya-Vargas G. The effect of Pilates exercises on body composition: a systematic review. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2012; 16(1): 109-114.   DOI
39 Kucukcakir N, Altan L, Korkmaz N. Effects of Pilates exercises on pain, functional status and quality of life in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2013; 17(2): 204-211.   DOI
40 Dlugosz-Bos M, Filar-Mierzwa K, Stawarz R, Scislowska-Czarnecka A, Jankowicz-Szymanska A, Bac A. Effect of months Pilates training on balance and fall risk in older women. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18(7): 3663.
41 Pata RW, Lord K, Lamb J. The effect of Pilates based exercise on mobility, postural stability, and balance in order to decrease fall risk in older adults. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2014; 18(3): 361-367.   DOI
42 Judge JO, Lindsey C, Underwood M, Winsemius D. Balance improvements in older women: effects of exercise training. Phys Ther 1993; 73(4): 254-262.   DOI
43 Patti A, Zangla D, Sahin FN, Cataldi S, Lavanco G, Palma A, et al. Physical exercise and prevention of falls. Effects of a Pilates training method compared with a general physical activity program: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100(13): e25289.
44 Baek HY, Kim DW. The effects of Pilates exercise program using multimedia on body balance and physical self-efficacy of mid-age women. Korean J Sports Sci 2012; 21(1): 603-614. 
45 Bae KJ, Chang IH. Effect of Pilates exercise on body shape, physical fitness and trunk muscle activity in menopause, non-menopause middle-aged woman. J Coaching Dev 2013; 15(4): 135-144. 
46 Kim SY, Kim MS, Sim S, Park B, Choi HG. Association between obesity falls among Korean adults. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95(12): e3130.
47 Kim J, Park E. Comparisons of cardiometabolic biomarkers, lifestyle behaviors, and dietary sodium and potassium intake in a representative sample of Korean adults with and without cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Asian Nurs Res 2017; 11(3): 223-229.   DOI
48 Zhang X, Imperatore G, Thomas W, Cheng YJ, Lobelo F, Norris K, et al. Effect of lifestyle interventions on glucose regulation among adults without impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 123: 149-164.   DOI
49 Lin PH, Yeh WT, Svetkey LP, Chuang SY, Chang YC, Wang C, et al. Dietary intakes consistent with the DASH dietary pattern reduce blood pressure increase with age and risk for stroke in a Chinese population. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2013; 22(3): 482-491.