Browse > Article

The Effect of L-Carnitine and Isoflavone Supplementation on Weight Reduction and Visceral Fat Accumulation in Overweight Women  

Gwak, Jung-Hyun (Interdisciplinary Program: Science for Aging, Yonsei University)
Lee, Jong-Ho (National Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Yonsei University)
Lee, Sang-Jun (Health Products Research Team, Food Research Institute, R&D Center, Amore Pacific Co.)
Park, Hyun-Woo (Health Products Research Team, Food Research Institute, R&D Center, Amore Pacific Co.)
Kim, Yoo (Health Products Research Team, Food Research Institute, R&D Center, Amore Pacific Co.)
Hyun, Yae-Jung (National Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Yonsei University)
Publication Information
Journal of Nutrition and Health / v.40, no.7, 2007 , pp. 630-638 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was performed to examine the combined effects of L-carnitine and isoflavone supplementation on weight reduction and body fat distribution in overweight women. Overweight/obese women (body mass index > $23kg/m^2$) who were not diagnosed any type of diseases were included in this study and sixty subjects ($41.1{\pm}1.5$ years, $25.9{\pm}0.3kg/m^2)$ were randomly assigned to a placebo (n=30) or a supplement group (n=30, L-carnitine 300 mg+isoflavone 40 mg/day). We measured anthropometric parameters, abdominal fat distribution by computerizd tomography and blood components before and after the 12 week intervention period. After the 12 weeks of supplementation, subjects in L-carnitine and isoflavone supplement group showed a significant reduction of body weight (p < 0.001), body fat % (p < 0.05), and waist to hip ratio (p < 0.01) whereas placebo group did not show any changes. In a CT-scanned results, total fat area at L4 level was significantly reduced by 8.1% (p < 0.01) with the reduction of visceral fat area (-11.1%, p < 0.001) and subcutaneous fat area (-7.0%, p < 0.05) in the supplement group. The supplementation of L-carnitine and isoflavone showed the significant improvement of HDL-C (p < 0.01) and apoB (p < 0.05) concentrations, however, change values in those markers were not significant compared with those of the placebo group. In addition, a significant increase of adiponectin level (p<0.001) was observed in the supplement group after the intervention. The result of present study demonstrated that supplementation of 300 mg L-carnitine and 40 mg isoflavone per day fur 12 weeks can give beneficial effects on weight reduction and visceral fat accumulation. These potential antiobesity supplement can produce more favorable effects when combined with lifestyle modification.
Keywords
L-carnitine; isoflavone; weight reduction; abdominal visceral fat; obesity;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Them DM, Gardner CD, Haskell WL. Potential health benefits of dietary phytoestrogens: a review of the clinical, epidemiological, and mechanistic evidence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983; 83: 2223-2235   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Bhathena SJ, Velasquez MT. Beneficial role of dietary phytoestrogens in obesity and diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76 (6) : 1191-1201   DOI
3 Kim SJ, Sohn YS, Lee YS, Lee YS. Hepatic gene expression profiles are altered by genistein supplementation in mice with diet-induced obesity. J Nutr 2005; 135 (1): 33-41   DOI
4 Bremer J. Camitine-matablism and functions. Physiol Rev 1983; 63 (4): 1420-1480   DOI
5 Mori M, Aizawa T, Tokoro M, Miki T, Yamori Y. Soy isoflavone tablets reduce osteoporosis risk factors and obesity in middleaged Japanese women. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2004; 31 Suppl 2: S39-S41   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Dewell A, Hollenbeck CB, Bruce B. The effects of soy-derived phytoestrogen on serum lipids and lipoproteins in moderately hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 118-121   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Yamauchi T, Kamon J, Waki H, Terauchi Y, Kubota N, Hara K, Mori Y, Ide T, Murakami K, Tsuboyama-Kasaoka N, Ezaki 0, Akanuma Y, Gavrilova 0, Vinson C, Reitman ML, Kagechika H, Shudo K, Yoda M, Nakano Y, Nagai R, Kimura S, Tomita M, Froguel P, Kadawaki T. The fat-derived hormone adiponectin reverses insulin resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obestiy. Nat Med 2001; 7: 941-946   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Kopp HP, Krzyzanowska K, MohligM, Spranger J, PfeifferAF, Schemthaner G. Effectsof markedweight loss on plasma levels of adiponectin, markersof chronic subclinical inflammation and insulin resistance in morbidly obese women. Int J Obes 2005; 29: 766-771   DOI
9 Wu J, Wang X, Chiba H, Higuchi M, Nakatani T, Ezaki 0, Cui H, Yamada K, Ishimi Y. Combined intervention of soy isoflavone and moderate exercise prevents body fat elevation and bone loss in ovariectomized mice. Metabolism 2004; 53 (7): 942-948   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Kuiper GG, Lemmen JG, Carlsson B, Corton JC, Safe SH, van der Saag PT, van der Burg B, Gustafsson JA. Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor beta. Endocrinology 1998; 139(10): 4252-4263   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Wutzke KD, Lorenz H. The effect of L-camitine on fat oxidation, protein turnover, and body compositon in slightly overweight subjucts. Metablism 2004; 53 (8): 1002-1006   DOI
12 Ryan AS, Berman DM, Niclkas BJ, Sinha M, Gingerich RL, Meneilly GS, Egan JM, Elahi D. Plasma adiponectin and leptin levels. bodycomposition, and glucoseutilization in adultwomen with wide ranges of age and obesity. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 2383-2388   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Muller DM, Seim H, Kiess W, Loster H, Richter T. Effects of oral L-carnitine supplementation on in vivo long-chain fatty acid oxidation in healthy adults. Metabolism 2002; 51 (11): 1389-1391   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Lofgren IE, Herron KL, West KL, Zern TL, Brownbill RA, Ilich JZ, Koo SI, Fernandez ML. Weight loss favorably modifies anthropometrics and reverses the metabolic syndrome in premenopausal women. J Am Coll Nutr 2005; 24 (6): 486-493   DOI
15 Yang JY, Lee SJ, Park HW, Cha YS. Effect of genistein with camitine administration on lipid parameters and obesity in C57BI/ 6J mice fed a high-fat diet. J Med Food 2006; 9 (4) : 459-467   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Borradaile NM, Dreu LE, Wilcox LJ, Edwards JY, Huff NW. The soy phytoestrogens, genistein and daidzein, reduce apolipoprotein B secretion from HepG2 cells through multiple mechanisms. Biochem J 2002; 366: 531-539   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Nestel PJ, Pomeroy S, Kay S, KomesaroffP, Behresing J, Cameron JD, West L. Isoflavones from red clover improve systemic compliance but not plasma lipids in menopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 895-898   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Ministry of Health and Welfare. 1998 National health and nutrition survey, overview, 1999
19 Wu J, Oka J, Tabata I, Higuchi M, Toda T, Fuku N, Ezaki J, Sugiyama F, Uchiyama S, Yamada K, Ishimi Y. Effects of Isoflavone and exercise on BMD and fat mass in postmenopausal japanese women: A 1-year randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Bone Miner Res 2006; 21 (5) : 780-789   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Argani H, Rahbaninouber M, Ghorbanihagjo A, Golmohammadi Z, Rashtchizadeh N. Effect of L-carnitine on the serum lipoprotein and HDL-C subclasses in hemodialysis patients. Nephron Clin Pract 2005; 101: C174-C 179   DOI   ScienceOn
21 KimHK, Nelson-Dooley C, Della-FeraMA, YangJY, Zhang W, Duan J, Hartzell DL, Hamrick MW, Baile CA. Genistein decreases food intake, body weight, and fat pad weight and causes adipose tissue apoptosis in ovariectomized female mice. J Nutr 2006; 136 (2): 409-414   DOI
22 Taku K, Umegaki K, Sato Y, Taki Y, Endoh K, Watanabe S. Soy isoflavones lower serum total and LDL cholesterol in humans: a meta-analysis of II randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85: 1148-1156   DOI
23 Ministry of Health and Welfare. 2005 National health and nutrition survey, overview, 2006
24 Nestel PJ, Yamashita T, Sasahara T, Pomeroy S, Dart A, Komesaroff P, Owen A, Abbey M. Soy isoflavones improve systemic compliance but not plasma lipids in menopausal and preimenopausal women. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol 1997; 17 (I2): 3392-3398   DOI
25 Kim JK, Kim MK. Effect of Lysine-limited diers containing different levels of L-camitine on body weight and lipid metabolism in obesity-induced adult rats. Korean J Nutr 2007; 40(2): 118-129   과학기술학회마을
26 Villani RG, Gannon J, SelfM, Rich PA. L-camitine supplement combined with aerobic traning dose no promote weight loss in moderately obese women. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2000; 10: 99
27 Shin ES, Cho SY, Lee EH, Lee SJ, Chang IS, Lee TR. Positive regulation of hepatic camitine palmitoyl transferase IA (CPTlA) activities by soy isoflavones and L-camitine. Eur J Nutr 2006; 45(3): 159-164   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Uesugi T, Fukui Y, Yamori Y. Beneficial effects of soybean isoflavone supplementation on bone metabolism and serum lipids in postmenopausal Japanese women: A four week study. J Am Coll Nutr 2002; 21: 97-102   DOI
29 Owen A, Baghurst P. The effect of isoflavone supplementation on serum lipids in postmenopausal women. Clin Esp Pharmacol Physiol 2000; 27: A232
30 MatsuzawaY. Adiponectin: Identification, physiology andclinical relevance in metabolic and vascular disease. Atheroscler Suppl. 2005; 6 (2) : 7-14
31 WeyerC, Funahashi T,TanakaS, HottaK, Matsuzawa Y, Pratley RE, Tataranni PA. Hypoadiponectinemia in obesity and type 2 diabetes: close association with insulinresistance and hyperinsulinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 1930-1935   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972; 18: 499-502
33 Kim S, Shin HJ, Kim SY, Kim JH, Lee YS, Kim DH, Lee MO. Genistein enhances expression of genes involved in fatty acid catabolism through activation of PPAR alpha. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2004; 220 (1-2) : 51-58   DOI
34 Park HW, Yang M, Lee JH, Shin ES, Kim Y, Chun JY, Lee TR, Lee SJ. Long Term Feeding with Soy Isotlavone and L-Carnitine synergistically suppresses body weight gain and adiposity in highfat diet induced obese mice. Nutritional Science 2006; 9 (3): 179189   과학기술학회마을
35 Szkudelska K, Nogowski L, Szkudelski T. Genistein affects lipogenesis and lipolysis in isolated rat adipocytes. J Steroid Biochem Mol BioI 2000; 75: 265-271   DOI
36 Elisaf M, Bairaktari E, Katapodis K, Pappas M, Sferopoulos G, Tzallas C, et al. Effect of L-camitine supplimentation on lipid parameters in hemodialysis patients. Am J Nephrol 1998; 18: 416-421   DOI   ScienceOn