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http://dx.doi.org/10.4333/KPS.2009.39.4.275

A Literature Survey of the Modern Techniques Used for the Processing of Herbal Medicines  

Oh, Ju-Hee (College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University)
Sin, Jae-Seok (College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University)
Ahn, Eun-Seok (College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University)
Lee, Seong-Jun (College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University)
Lee, Jong-chul (College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University)
Lim, Jun-hong (College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University)
Hong, Sea-kap (College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University)
Hong, Jun-ki (College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University)
Lee, Young-Joo (Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University)
Publication Information
Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation / v.39, no.4, 2009 , pp. 275-297 More about this Journal
Abstract
Herbal medicines have been used worldwide, particularly in the Far East countries, for thousands of years. Herbal medicines comprise complex mixtures of different phytochemical substances, and their nature may vary substantially depending on many factors related to the cultivation condition, area and harvest time. The processing of the herbal medicines significantly affects their pharmacological and toxicological properties. In this paper, we discuss current research that deals with the techniques for processing Chinese herbal medicines. These results will provide a scientific basis for developing new techniques for the processing of herbal medicines.
Keywords
Herbal medicines; Hanyak; Processing of herbal medicines; Traditional Chinese medicine;
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Times Cited By KSCI : 33  (Citation Analysis)
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116 N.-Y. Park and J.-H. Kwon, Flavor compounds of Polygonatum odoratum root and the influence of processing conditions, Food Industry and Nutrition, 6, 3-12 (2001).   과학기술학회마을
117 杨朝莲 and 张运杰, Determination of oleanolic acid in the roots of unprepared Achyranthes bidentata and its various preparative products, 中医药导报, 11,71-72 (2005).
118 M.H. Park, C.K. Park, K.S. Lee and K.C. Kim, Changes of ginsenosides in ginseng marc by roasting process, Korean Journal of Ginseng Science 20, 184-187 (1996).   과학기술학회마을
119 G.-S. Sim, Studies on the changes of main components of Korean ginseng by puffing processuig, Master Thesis for Food Engineering, Hankyong National University (1999).
120 M.-H. Park and K.C. Kim, Changes in physicochemical components of ginseng marc by roasting process, Korean Journal of Ginseng Science 19, 144-152 (1995).   과학기술학회마을
121 M.H. Kim, C.S. Kim, S.J. Park and C.H. Lee, Numerical study of tempering effect on hot-air drying of ginseng, Food Engineering Progress, 3, 15-21 (1999).
122 高明哲, 袁昌鲁, 徐靑, 梁鑫淼 and 陈兰羽, 炮制车对前子中车前子甙含量的影响, 中药材, 26, 98-99 (2003)
123 Y. Kano, Z. Qine and K. Komatsu, On the evaluation of the preparation of Chinese medicinal prescriptions. VI. The changes of the alkaloid contents by processing of Evodia fruit, Yakugaku Zasshi, 111, 32-35 (1991).   DOI
124 H.-S. Chung, S.-H. Hwang and K.-S. Youn, Physicochemical characteristics of Ponciri Fructus in relation to drying treatment, Korean Journal of Food Preservation, 12, 449-454 (2005)   과학기술학회마을
125 刘振丽, 宋志前, 李林福, 张玲 and 王跃生, 枳实炮制前后化学成分含量的变化, 中成药, 28, 1148-1150 (2006)
126 Y.W. Shin, D.H. Kim and N.J. Kim, Studies on the processing of crude drugs(VII) -On the constituents and biological activities of Gardeniae Fructus by processing-, Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy, 34, 45-54 (2003)   과학기술학회마을
127 S.-G. Jo, G. Moon and S.-J. Moon, Experimental studies on the change of cytotoxic and antitumor effects according to the prebrewed method of Semen Tiglii and Rhizoma Coptidis, The Korean of Korean Oriental Oncology, 1, 191-211 (1995)   과학기술학회마을
128 M.F. Zhu, X.Q. Liu, O. Ju-hee, Y. Chang-soo and L. Je-Hyun, Effect of concentration of catalpol and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-fura1dehyde from processing of Rehmanniae Radix, Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 32, 1155-1157 (2007).
129 彭玮欣, 吴志明 and 谢哓亮, The advance of growing, differentiation and machining in Polygala tenuifoliam, 河北农业科, 9 (2005)
130 赵声兰, 赵荣华, 解泰江, 尉红梅 and 赵奕全, Study on the influence of processing technique on phosphide and total sugar of processed Polygoni Multiflori pieces, 云南中医中药杂志, 26, 34-36 (2005)
131 J.-H. Lee, J.A. Koh, E. Hwang, young and S.-P. Hong, Quantitative determination of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde from Rehmanniae Radix Preparata according to various processings, Korean Journal of Herbology, 17, 145-149 (2002).
132 T.L. Kang, G.S. Hwang, J.M. Kim, J.Y. Oh, J.H. Park and M.K. Park, Study on the process of Sanguisorbae Radix - Increased contents of pomolic acid and acetylpomolic acid by the process -, Yakhak Hoeji, 38, 782-785 (1994).   과학기술학회마을
133 单建学, 远志的炮制及临床应用, 湖南中医药导报, 7(2001).
134 C.H. Xu, S.Q. Sun, C.Q. Guo, Q. Zhou, J.X. Tao and I. Noda, Multi-steps infrared Macro-fingerprint Analysis for thermal processing of Fructus viticis, VibrationaI Spectroscopy, 41, 118-125 (2006).   DOI   ScienceOn
135 N.-J. Kim, Y.-H. Jin and N.-D. Hong, Studies on the processing of crude drugs (IV) -Physico-chemical transformation of glycyrrhizin in Glycyrrhizae Radix byprocessing-, Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy, 26, 31-39 (1995).   과학기술학회마을
136 S.-B. Lee, G.-D. Lee, Y.-J. Jeong, J.-S. Kim and J.-H. Kwon, Monitoring of extraction properties of ginseng components during pessurized microwave - Assisted extraction, J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr, 28, 1087-1091 (1999).
137 E.-J. Ye, S.-J. Kim, C.-H. Park, H.-B. Gwakg and M.-J. Beal, Development and verification of new ginseng processing methods, Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life 15, 413-418 (2005).
138 J.-G. In, E.-J. Kim, B.-S. Lee, M.-H. Park and D.-C. Yang, Saponin analysis and red ginseng production using the simplified method of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer), Korean Journal of Plant Resources, 19, 133-138 (2006).   과학기술학회마을
139 E.-J. Ye, M.-J. Bea, S.-J. Kim and C.-H. Park, Development of ginseng processing methods and verification of their effects, Life Resources and Industry, 7, 1-13(2003).
140 D.-C. Ha and G.-H. Ryu, Chemical components of red, white and extruded root ginseng, Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 34, 247-254(2005).   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
141 K. Seong, Effects of high hydrostatic pressure pretreatment on formation of maillard reaction products in Korean red ginseng, Master Thesis for Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Yonsei University (2006).
142 谭日健, 痲黄不同炮制品生物碱的含量测定, 广西中医学院学报, 5, 82-83 (2002)
143 Y.L. Kang and M.K. Park, Study on the process of Snaguisorbae Radix - Tomentosolic acid isolated from roasted Sanguisorbae Radix - Yakhak Hoeji, 38, 712-714 (1994).   과학기술학회마을
144 A. Ananthakumar, P.S. Variyar and A. Sharma, Estimation of aroma glycosides of nutmeg and their changes during radiation processing, J chromatogr A, 1108, 252-257 (2006).   DOI   ScienceOn
145 王力生, 邹节明, 袁伟恩 and 蒋治良, Processing of Semen Armeniacae Amanrum, extraction and analyzing of its effective compounds, 分析测试技术与仪器, 11, 34-38 (2005)
146 A. Ding, L. Zhang, L. Wu, L. Kong and R. Sheng, The technology of processing carbonized Cirsium japonicum and quality standards of its prepared pieces, Zhong Yao Cai, 21, 560-562 (1998)
147 Q. Zeng, C. Liu, G. Lou, L. Zheng and H. Jiang, Volatile oil in Ephedra sinica Stapf. and its processed products by GC-MS. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 17, 83-87, 126 (1992)
148 陈康, 林文津 and 林励, Change of alkaloid and volatile oil of Herba Ephedrae before and after mix-fring with honey, 中成药, 27, 173-176 (2005)
149 王身艳, 秦明珠, 李飞, 高艳坤 AND 马哓金, 箭叶淫羊藿炮制前后对小鼠副性器宮的影响, 中成药, 27, 2 (2005)
150 曲香芝, 崔弘 AND 陈正愛, 不同炮制法的淫羊藿提取物对小鼠出血知凝血时间的影, 时珍国医国药, 18, 118-119 (2007)
151 吴珍云, 任永全, 王建科 and 陈惠玲, 粗毛淫羊藿及其不同炮制品中10种微量元素的含量, 中国中药杂志, 26, 159-161 (2001)
152 K.J. Kim, C.H. Park. S.D. Park, J.C. Kim and K.S. Park, Research report : Effects of peeling and sample types on drying time and paeoniflorin contents of Peony root, Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science, 10, 24-28 (2002).
153 G.-D. Lee, Optimization on pretreatment and granule tea recipe of Polygonatum sibiricum Delar, Korean Journal of Food Preservatinon 11, 148-153 (2004).   과학기술학회마을
154 L.D. Kong, C. Yang and X. Qiu, Effects of processing on antioxidation of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati, Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 26, 388-391 (2001).
155 许卫锋, 張保國, 李勉 and 劉广河, Comparison of the contents of $\beta$-sitosterol in Rhizoma Pinelliae, Rhizoma Typhonii Flagelliformis and their processed roducts, 河南大學學报, 25, 29-30 (2006)
156 赵典刚, 郝桂兰, 王振诲, 菃晓辉, 李义清, 赵世军, 曹永亮 and 劉玉华, Comparative study on pharmacological action of processed products of Rhizoma Pineliae by cooked method and pharmacopoeial method, 中國中醫藥科技 8, 366-368 (2001)
157 I.H. Park, S.B. Han, J.M. Kim, L. Piao, S.W. Kwon, N.Y.Kim, T.L. Kang, M.K. Park and J.H. Park, Four new acetylated ginsenosides from processed ginseng (Sunginseng), Archives of Pharmacal Research, 25, 837-841(2002).   DOI   ScienceOn
158 田树革 and 周晓英, Contents of paeoniflorin and traceelements in Paeonia sinjianensis K.Y.Pan. and its different processed products, 中国民族医药杂志, 11, 32-33 (2005)
159 王建, 郭娟 and 武云, 远志不同炮制品对胃肠远及诮化功能的影响, 中药药理与临床, 22, 120-122(1996).
160 李小芳, 李敏, 蒋卫, 黄毅 and 张乐, 龙胆炮制品中龙胆苦苷的HPLC含量測定研究, 中成药, 28, 1449-1451 (2006).
161 N-k. Park, S.L. Kim, H.-S. Hur and C.-H. Park, Development of R. Radix preparata with new variety "Jiwhang I", The journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture, 14, 34-39 (2002).
162 A. Ding, Y. Xiang, J. Li and J. Rong. Technology of processing carbonized root of Sanguisorba of ficinalis L. and the quality standards for its prepared pieces, Zhongguo Zhong Yao ZaZhi, 20, 725-728, 762 (1995).
163 K.-S. Ryu, Studies on the Preperation of "Ji-whang" (Rehmanniae Radix)-The variation of free reducing sugar contents in the preparation of "Sook Ji-whang" (Rehmanniae Radix Vaporata), Kyunghee Univ J, 4, 233-252 (1965).
164 C.-K. Shih, Y.-J. Son and Y.-J. Lee, Changes in the carbohydrate contents of Rehmanniae Radix during processing, Korean Journal of Herbology, 14, 1-11 (1999).
165 S.H. Oh, D.E. Sok, K.J. Lee and M.R. Kim, Heat processing of edible plants grown in korea has differential effects on their antioxidant capacity in bovine brain homogenate, Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 7, 378-385 (2002)   과학기술학회마을
166 郭秀琴, 魏广武 and 孙淑琴, 不同炮制方法对薏苡仁煎液的影响, 中国中药杂志, 25, 700-700 (2000)
167 Q. Ni, Chemical composition of changes of roasted Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, roasted Herbal Artemisiae Scopariae and enzyme treated Radix Paeoniae Alba, Master Thesis for Applied biology and chmistry, Kyungpook National Uvinersity. 59 (2006)
168 Y.-J. Park, Y.-B. Park, Y.-S. Kim, H.-K. Koh, C.-H. Kim and S.-K. Kang, The study for changes in components and activities of Artemisiae Herba at various processing temperature, The JournaI of Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society 15, 1-15 (1998)   과학기술학회마을
169 柴志芳, 巴豆霜炮制新法, 中国药师, 4, 471-472 (2001)
170 G.-Y. Kim, A study on the pragmatic significance of the processing method by human urine focused on analyzing the prescriptions recorded in Dong-Yi-Bo-Gam, Journal of the Institute Oriental Medicine, 2, 55 (1999).
171 Y. Bai, S. Sun, K. Fan, J. Li, D. Wang and Y. Lou, Identification of categories of Radix Rehmannia by IR spectroscopy and compare software, Zhong Yao Cai, 28, 281-284 (2005).
172 I. Kitagawa, T. Taniyama, H. Shibuya, T. Noda and M. Yoshikawa, Chemical studies on crude drug processing. V. On the constituents of Ginseng Radix Rubra (2): Comparison of the constituents of white ginseng and red ginseng prepared from the same Panax ginseng root, Yakugaku Zasshi, 107, 495-505 (1987).   DOI
173 P.Y. Chiang and Y.Y. Luo, Effects of pressurized cooking on the relationship between the chemical compositions and texture changes of lotus root (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.), Foodchemistry 105, 480-484 (2007).   DOI   ScienceOn
174 M.H. Park, Y.H. Kim, J.W. Yang and K.C. Kim, Separation and characteristics of the extract solution from ginseng marc by roasting process, Korean Journal of Ginseng Science, 19, 153-159 (1995).   과학기술학회마을
175 B.-Y. Lee, E.-J. Kim, D.-J. Park, S.-I. Hong and H.-S. Chun, Composition of saponin and free sugar of some white ginsengs with processing conditions, Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology, 28, 922-927(1996).   과학기술학회마을
176 D.-C. Ha, J.-W. Lee, J.-H. Do, C.-K. Park and Q.-H. Ryu, Drying rate and physicochemical characteristics of dried ginseng root at different temperature, Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 33, 741-746(2004).   과학기술학회마을   DOI
177 B.-S. Jeon, C.-K. Park, N.-M. Kim, M.-H. Park and K.-S. Chang, Effect of controlled atmosphere and modified atmosphere storage on the chemical properties of fresh and fed ginseng, Journal of Ginseng Research, 22, 73-81 (1998).   과학기술학회마을
178 Z.J. Gan, Processing of Gastrodia elata where it isproduced, Zhong Yao Tong Bao, 11, 27-28 (1986).
179 W.T. Chang, U. Thissen, K.A. Ehlert, M.M. Koek, R.H. Jellema, T. Hankemeier, J. van der Greef and M. Wang, Effects of growth conditions and processing on Rehmannia glutinosa using fingerprint strategy, Planta Med, 72, 458-467 (2006).   DOI   ScienceOn
180 M. Kubo, H. Matsuda and T. Asano, Historical investigation on herbal and medical literatures of processing and effect of Rehmanniae Radix, Yakushigaku Zasshi, 31, 23-28 (1996).
181 S.T. Liu, X.J. Guan, X.P. Li and Q. Wang, Comparison of some trace element contents of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.and its processed products, Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 14, 596-598, 638 (1989)
182 盛家峰 and 謝彩玲, Comparing the content of amygdalin in bitter almonds processed in different ways after storage for half a year, 河南中医学院学报, 20, 33-33 (2005)
183 G. Durmaz and M. Alpaslan. Antioxidant properties of roasted apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) kernel. Food Chemistry, 100, 1177-1181 (2007)   DOI   ScienceOn
184 米成云, 谈苦杏仁的炮制新法, 实用医技杂志, 8, 681-681 (2001)
185 W. Hao, Z. Zhu and Y. Zhu, Effect of processing of the contents of pinoresinol diglucoside in Cortex Eucommiae, Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 21, 410-411, 447 (1996)
186 李龙宝, 黃达芳 and 马维坤, 炮制对杜仲醇性浸出物含量的影响, 的珍国医国药, 10 (2006)
187 狄留庆, 倪美华 and 刘圣金, Historical development and modern research in processing Radix Cortex Eucommiae, 南京中医药大学学报, 21, 406 (2005)
188 Q. Wang, X.P. Li, S.T. Liu and X.J. Guan, Experimental studies on the significance of processing Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., Zhongguo Zhong Yao ZaZhi, 14, 661-663, 702 (1989)
189 S.-Y. Jeon, E.-K. Kim, H.-M. Kwak, J.-Y. Kim, J.-H. Lim, S.-K. Chung and K.-S. Song, Changes in chemical composition and biological activities of oriental crude drugs by food. processing techniques (II) - Changes in paeonol contents in roasted Moutan Cortex -, Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy, 35, 388-392 (2004)   과학기술학회마을
190 刘淑莹, 刘志强, 李丽 and 刘香明, 炮制前后朝鲜淫羊藿化学成分的变化规律研究, 分析测试学报, 23, (2004)
191 X. Li, Y. Zheng, M. Liu and L. Zhang, A study on maillard reaction and its products during processing of red ginseng, Zhongguo Zhong Yao ZaZhi, 24, 274-278, 318 (1999).
192 M. Yoshikawa, Y. Fukuda, S. Hatakeyama, N. Murakami, J. Yamahara, T. Taniyama, T. Hayashi and I. Kitagawa, Chemical fluctuation of the constituents during the drying of Ginseng Radix and Ginseng Radix Rubra. Crude drug processing by far-infrared treatment, Yakugaku Zasshi, 113, 460-467 (1993).   DOI
193 J.-H. Sung, N.-W. So, B.-H. Jeon and C.-C. Chang, Effect of white and red Panax ginseng extract on serum lipids level in high-fat-diet fed rats, Journal of Ginseng Research 28, 33-38 (2004).   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
194 E.-J. Ye, S.-J. Kim, C.-H. Park and M.-J. Bae, Antioxidant and anticancer activities of ginseng treated with traditional rice wine steam process method, Jouural of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 34, 599-604 (2005).   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
195 J.-J. Kim, Ginsenoside, Phenol and polysaccharide contents in mountain ginseng adventitious rool (Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer) as affeted by various extraction and processing methods, Doctor Thesis for Department of Horticultural Science, Graduate School, Chungbuk National University (2007).
196 X.-G. Li, Studies on the transforming mechanism of amino acid components in ginseng in the course of ginseng processing, Journal of Ginseng Research, 16, 64-67 (1992).   과학기술학회마을
197 G.-j. Cao, Y.-n. Zheng and C.-l. Xu, Study on a quantitative method for arginine derivatives in ginseng products after processing, Chines Epharmaceutical Journal, 38, 52 (2003).
198 李水盛, 中藥地黄炮製研究計畵 / 李水盛計畵主持; 陳瓊雪等研究, Master Thesis for 臺大醫學院藥學系臺北市 (2001).
199 H.-M. Kwak, J.-Y. Kim, J.-H. Lim, S.-K. Chung, S.-H. Kwon, H.-H. Jeong, J.-M. Hur and K.-S. Song, Changes in chemical composition and biological activities of original crude drugs by food processing techniques III - Changes of HMF contents from roasted Asparagi Tuber -, Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy, 36, 235-239 (2005).   과학기술학회마을
200 M. Kubo, T. Asano, H. Matsuda, S. Yutani and S. Honda, Studies on Rehmanniae radix. III. The relation between changes of constituents and improvable effects on hemorheology with the processing of roots of Rehmannia glutinosa, Yakugaku Zasshi, 116, 158-168 (1996).   DOI
201 J. Li, L.P. Zhang, W. Liu, Z.L. Zhang and L.J. Liu, Studies on the changes of 5-hydroxymethyl furfuraldehyde content in Radix Rehmanniae steamed for different time, Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 30, 1438-1440 (2005).
202 Y.M. Hwang, B.H. Ko and I.B. Song, An experimental study on the effects of raw, dried and steamed roots of Rehmanniae glutinosa on cell-mediated and humoral immune response in mice, 경희의학, 3, 361-368 (1987).
203 S.-H. Moon and Y.-J. Lee, Studies on the digestive function of Rehmanniae Radix produced by different processe, Korean Journal of Herbology, 16, 65-77 (2001).
204 张捷 and 黃荣华, Assay of tetrahydropalmatine in Corydalis Tuber of different processing drugs by HPLC, 西北药字杂志, 25, 726-727 (2003).
205 李娆娆 and 原思通 The effects of carbonizing temperature and heating time on HPLC fingerprints of Flos Sophorae, 中成药, 28, 978-981 (2006)
206 高希梅, 李飞 and 周玉新, Influence of temperature on total flavonoids and icariin in fried E. wushanense T.S. Ying, 北京中医药大学学报, 28, 62-64 (2005)
207 杨武德 and 冯华, HPLC法测定粗毛淫羊藿及不同炮制品中淫羊藿苷的含量, 贵阳中医学院学报, 27, 60-61 (2005)
208 江海燕, 陈国佩 and 宁海梅, Quality study on differently-processed products of Leonurus heterophyllus sweet, 中成药, 24, 271-273 (2002)
209 念其滨, 槐米不同炮制品的鞣质含量测定, 中国中医药信息杂志, 35, (2004)
210 R.R. Li and S.T. Yuan, Study on the history of the processing of Flos Sophorae, Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 29, 1094-1098 (2004)
211 X.Y. Cui, Relation between the quality and processing technology of "huai-mi" (Sophora japonica) charcoal, Zhone Yao Tong Bao, 10, 20-21 (1985)
212 B.-S. Jeon, N.-M. Kim, C.K. Park, J.-W. Yang and K.-S. Chaag, Effect of controlled atmosphere storage on the antioxidative and cytotoxic activities of fresh and red ginseng, Korean Journal of Ginseng Science, 20, 262-268 (1996).   과학기술학회마을
213 M.-G. Choung, Y.-N. An. K.-H. Kang, Y.-S. Cho and J.-H. Kim, Comparison on the extract content by different processing method in Peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) root, Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science, 11, 201-206 (2003).   과학기술학회마을
214 I.-R. Kim, K.-H. Hwane, H.-J. Joo and J.-Y. Ma, The studies about cutting, processing and decokting methods of oriental medicinal plants II: Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Korean Journal of Onental Medicine, 4, 115-127 (1998).   과학기술학회마을
215 M.-B. Kim. D.-K. Kim, G.-D. Lee and J.-H. Kwon, Optimization of roasting conditions of Polygonatum sibiricum roots by a pressure roaster, J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr, 27, 80-86 (1998).   과학기술학회마을
216 李小芳 and 蒋卫, 应用药物动力字数字模型研究酒龙胆炮制过程中龙胆苦苷的化学稳定性, 世界科学技术-中医药现代化, 8, 43-45 (2006).
217 S.-y. Xiao and G.-a. Luo, ChemicaI reaction of ginsenosides in red ginseng processing by HPLC/MS/MS, 中草藥, 36, 40-43 (2005).
218 J.-S. Kum, K.-J. Park, C.-H. Lee and Y.-H. Kim, Physicochemical properties of Korean ginseng dried with lower power and pulse microwave, Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology, 31, 122-127 (1999).
219 J.-S. Kum, K.-J. Park, C.-H. Lee and Y.-H. Kim, Changesin sapon in composition and microstructure of ginseng by microwave vacuum drying, Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology, 31, 427-432 (1999).   과학기술학회마을
220 J0.A. Park, K.Y. Lee, Y.J. Oh, K.W. Kim and S.K. Lee, Activation of caspase-3 protease via a Bcl-2-insensitive pathway during the process of ginsenoside Rh2-induced apoptosis, Cancer Lett, 121, 73-81(1997).   DOI   ScienceOn
221 英许腊, 田连起, 刘先琼, 夏险峰 and 毛维纶, Study on the technology of SFE-CO2 of crude and processed Cangzhu and is extract analysed by UV, 湖北中医字院字报, 7, 22-23(2005).
222 窦志英, 孙巍, 田丽莉 and 张敏, HPLC法比较延胡索生品与不同炮制品中3种有效成分的含量, 中药材, 30, 399-401 (2007).
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