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http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sss.2020.26.1.103

Investigation on the monotonic behavior of the steel rack upright-beam column connection  

Cao, Yan (School of Mechatronic Engineering, Xi'an Technological University)
Alyousef, Rayed (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University)
Jermsittiparsert, Kittisak (Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University)
Ho, Lanh Si (Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University)
Alaskar, Abdulaziz (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University)
Alabduljabbar, Hisham (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University)
Alrshoudi, Fahed (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University)
Mohamed, Abdeliazim Mustafa (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University)
Publication Information
Smart Structures and Systems / v.26, no.1, 2020 , pp. 103-115 More about this Journal
Abstract
The cold-formed steel storage racks are extensively employed in various industries applications such as storing products in reliable places and storehouses before distribution to the market. Racking systems lose their stability under lateral loads, such as seismic actions due to the slenderness of elements and low ductility. This justifies a need for more investigation on methods to improve their behavior and increase their capacity to survive medium to severe loads. A standardized connection could be obtained through investigation on the moment resistance, value of original rotational stiffness, ductility, and failure mode of the connection. A total of six monotonic tests were carried out to determine the behavior of the connection of straight 2.0 mm, and 2.6 mm thickness connects to 5 lug end connectors. Then, the obtained results are benched mark as the original data. Furthermore, an extreme learning machine (ELM) technique has been employed to verify and predict both moment and rotation results. Out of 4 connections, increase the ultimate moment resistance of connection by 13% and 18% for 2.0 mm and 2.6 mm upright connection, respectively.
Keywords
steel storage rack structures; upright; cyclic loading; moment-rotation;
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74 Milovancevic, M., Marinovic, J. S., Nikolic, J., Kitic, A., Shariati, M., Trung, N.-T., Wakil, K. and Khorami, M. (2019), "UML diagrams for dynamical monitoring of rail vehicles", Physica A: Statist. Mech. Applicat., 531, 121169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.121169   DOI
75 Safa, M., Shariati, M., Ibrahim, Z., Toghroli, A., Baharom, S.B., Nor, N.M. and Petkovic, D. (2016b), "Potential of adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system for evaluating the factors affecting steel-concrete composite beam's shear strength", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 21(3), 679-688. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.21.3.679   DOI
76 Safa, M., Sari, P.A., Shariati, M., Suhatril, M., Trung, N.T., Wakil, K. and Khorami, M. (2020), "Development of neuro-fuzzy and neuro-bee predictive models for prediction of the safety factor of eco-protection slopes", Physica A: Statist. Mech. Applicat., 124046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.124046
77 Sajedi, F. and Shariati, M. (2019), "Behavior study of NC and HSC RCCs confined by GRP casing and CFRP wrapping", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 30(5), 417-432. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.5.417
78 Zhao, X., Wang, T., Chen, Y. and Sivakumaran, K. (2014), "Flexural behavior of steel storage rack beam-to-upright connections", J. Constr. Steel Res., 99, 161-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.04.007   DOI
79 Ziaei-Nia, A., Shariati, M. and Salehabadi, E. (2018), "Dynamic mix design optimization of high-performance concrete", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 29(1), 67-75. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.29.1.067
80 Zhu, E., Najem, R.M., Dinh-Cong, D., Shao, Z., Wakil, K., Ho, L. S., Alyousef, R., Alabduljabbar, H., Alaskar, A. and Alrshoudi, F. (2020), "Optimizing reinforced concrete beams under different load cases and material mechanical properties using genetic algorithms", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 34(4), 467-485. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.4.467
81 Sedghi, Y., Zandi, Y., Toghroli, A., Safa, M., Mohamad, E.T., Khorami, M. and Wakil, K. (2018), "Application of ANFIS technique on performance of C and L shaped angle shear connectors", Smart Struct. Syst., Int. J., 22(3), 335-340. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.22.3.335
82 Shah, S., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Shariati, M. and Jumaat, M.Z. (2015), "Steel rack connections: identification of most influential factors and a comparison of stiffness design methods", PloS one, 10(10), e0139422. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139422   DOI
83 Shah, S., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Shariati, M., Khan, R. and Jumaat, M. (2016a), "Behavior of steel pallet rack beam-to-column connections at elevated temperatures", Thin-Wall. Struct., 106, 471-483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2016.05.021   DOI
84 Toghroli, A. (2015), "Applications of the ANFIS and LR Models in the Prediction of Shear Connection in Composite Beams", M.Sc. Dissertation; University of Malaya, Malaysia.
85 Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Shariati, A. (2011b), "Experimental and numerical investigations of channel shear connectors in high strength concrete", Proceedings of the 2011 World Congress on Advances in Structural Engineering and Mechanics (ASEM'11+), Seoul, Korea, September.
86 Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Sinaei, H., Khanouki, A., Mehdi, M. and Shafigh, P. (2011c), "Behavior of channel shear connectors in normal and light weight aggregate concrete (experimental and analytical study)", Adv. Mater. Res., 168, 2303-2307. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.168-170.2303   DOI
87 Suhatril, M., Osman, N., Sari, P.A., Shariati, M. and Marto, A. (2019), "Significance of surface eco-protection techniques for cohesive soils slope in Selangor, Malaysia", Geotech. Geol. Eng., 37(3), 2007-2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-018-0740-3   DOI
88 Taheri, E., Firouzianhaji, A., Usefi, N., Mehrabi, P., Ronagh, H. and Samali, B. (2019), "Investigation of a Method for Strengthening Perforated Cold-Formed Steel Profiles under Compression Loads", Appl. Sci., 9(23), 5085. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9235085   DOI
89 Tahmasbi, F., Maleki, S., Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Tahir, M.M. (2016), "Shear Capacity of C-Shaped and L-Shaped Angle Shear Connectors", PLoS One, 11(8), e0156989. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156989   DOI
90 Chen, C., Shi, L., Shariati, M., Toghroli, A., Mohamad, E.T., Bui, D.T. and Khorami, M. (2019), "Behavior of steel storage pallet racking connection-A review", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 30(5), 457-469. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.5.457
91 Mohammadhassani, M., Nezamabadi-Pour, H., Suhatril, M. and Shariati, M. (2014c), "An evolutionary fuzzy modelling approach and comparison of different methods for shear strength prediction of high-strength concrete beams without stirrups", Smart Struct. Syst., Int. J., 14(5), 785-809. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2014.14.5.785   DOI
92 Mohammadhassani, M., Nezamabadi-Pour, H., Suhatril, M. and Shariati, M. (2013), "Identification of a suitable ANN architecture in predicting strain in tie section of concrete deep beams", Struct. Eng. Mech., Int. J., 46(6), 853-868. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2013.46.6.853   DOI
93 Mohammadhassani, M., Akib, S., Shariati, M., Suhatril, M. and Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. (2014a), "An experimental study on the failure modes of high strength concrete beams with particular references to variation of the tensile reinforcement ratio", Eng. Fail. Anal., 41, 73-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.08.014   DOI
94 Mohammadhassani, M., Nezamabadi-Pour, H., Suhatril, M. and Shariati, M. (2014b), "An evolutionary fuzzy modelling approach and comparison of different methods for shear strength prediction of high-strength concrete beams without stirrups", Smart Struct Syst., Int. J., 14(5), 785-809. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2014.14.5.785   DOI
95 Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N., Suhatril, M., Shariati, A., Arabnejad Khanouki, M. and Sinaei, H. (2012c), "Fatigue energy dissipation and failure analysis of channel shear connector embedded in the lightweight aggregate concrete in composite bridge girders", Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Engineering Failure Analysis.
96 Shariati, M., Sulong, N.R., KH.M.A. and Mahoutian, M. (2011d), "Shear resistance of channel shear connectors in plain, reinforced and lightweight concrete", Scientif. Res. Essays, 6(4), 977-983.
97 Shariati, A., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M. and Shariati, M. (2012a), "Various types of shear connectors in composite structures: A review", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 7(22), 2876-2890. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPSx11.004
98 Shariati, A., Sulong, N.R., Suhatril, M. and Shariati, M. (2012b), "Investigation of channel shear connectors for composite concrete and steel T-beam", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 7(11), 1828-1831. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.1604
99 Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M., Shariati, A., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Sinaei, H. (2012d), "Behaviour of C-shaped angle shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading: An experimental study", Mater. Des., 41, 67-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.04.039   DOI
100 Shariati, M., Faegh, S.S., Mehrabi, P., Bahavarnia, S., Zandi, Y., Masoom, D.R., Toghroli, A., Trung, N.T. and Salih, M.N. (2019f), "Numerical study on the structural performance of corrugated low yield point steel plate shear walls with circular openings", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 33(4), 569-581. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.33.4.569
101 Shariati, M., Heirati, A., Zandi, Y., Laka, H., Toghroli, A., Kianmehr, P., Safa, M., Salih, M.N. and Poi-Ngian, S. (2019g), "Application of waste tire rubber aggregate in porous concrete", Smart Struct. Syst., Int. J., 24(4), 553-566. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2019.24.4.553
102 Shariati, A., Ebrahimi, F., Karimiasl, M., Vinyas, M. and Toghroli, A. (2020a), "On transient hygrothermal vibration of embedded viscoelastic flexoelectric/piezoelectric nanobeams under magnetic loading", Adv. Nano Res., Int. J., 8(1), 49-58. https://doi.org/10.12989/anr.2020.8.1.049
103 Shariati, A., Hosseini, S.H.S., Bayrami, S.S., Ebrahimi, F. and Toghroli, A. (2020b), "Effect of residual surface stress on parametrically excited nonlinear dynamics and instability of viscoelastic piezoelectric nanoelectromechanical resonators", Eng. Comput., 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-019-00916-9
104 Hamdia, K.M., Lahmer, T., Trung, N.-T. and Rabczuk, T. (2015), "Predicting the fracture toughness of PNCs: A stochastic approach based on ANN and ANFIS", Computat. Mater. Sci., 102, 304-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2015.02.045   DOI
105 Daie, M., Jalali, A., Suhatril, M., Shariati, M., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M., Shariati, A. and Kazemi-Arbat, P. (2011), "A new finite element investigation on pre-bent steel strips as damper for vibration control", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 6(36), 8044-8050. https://doi.org/10.5897/ijps11.1585
106 Davoodnabi, S.M., Mirhosseini, S.M. and Shariati, M. (2019), "Behavior of steel-concrete composite beam using angle shear connectors at fire condition", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 30(2), 141-147. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.2.141
107 Firouzianhaji, A. (2016), "The effect of connection flexibility on the seismic performance of industrial racking systems", Ph.D. Dissertation.
108 Hamidian, M., Shariati, M., Arabnejad, M. and Sinaei, H. (2011), "Assessment of high strength and light weight aggregate concrete properties using ultrasonic pulse velocity technique", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 6(22), 5261-5266. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.1081
109 Hancock, G.J., Murray, T. and Ellifrit, D.S. (2001), Cold-formed steel structures to the AISI specification, CRC Press.
110 Heydari, A. and Shariati, M. (2018), "Buckling analysis of tapered BDFGM nano-beam under variable axial compression resting on elastic medium", Struct. Eng. Mech., Int. J., 66(6), 737-748. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2018.66.6.737
111 Shariati, M., Trung, N.T., Wakil, K., Mehrabi, P., Safa, M. and Khorami, M. (2019e), "Moment-rotation estimation of steel rack connection using extreme learning machine", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 31(5), 427-435. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.31.5.427
112 Mohammadhassani, M., Suhatril, M., Shariati, M. and Ghanbari, F. (2014d), "Ductility and strength assessment of HSC beams with varying of tensile reinforcement ratios", Struct. Eng. Mech., Int. J., 48(6), 833-848. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2013.48.6.833
113 Mortazavi, M., Sharafi, P., Kildashti, K. and Samali, B. (2020), "Prefabricated hybrid steel wall panels for mid-rise construction in seismic regions", J. Build. Eng., 27, 100942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100942   DOI
114 Naghipour, M., Yousofizinsaz, G. and Shariati, M. (2020), "Experimental study on axial compressive behavior of welded built-up CFT stub columns made by cold-formed sections with different welding lines", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 34(3), 347-359. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.3.347
115 Shariati, M., Ghorbani, M., Naghipour, M., Alinejad, N. and Toghroli, A. (2020c), "The effect of RBS connection on energy absorption in tall buildings with braced tube frame system", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 34(3), 393-407. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.3.393
116 Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Haido, J.H., Yousif, S.T., Toghroli, A., Trung, N.T. and Shariati, A. (2020d), "Identification of the most influencing parameters on the properties of corroded concrete beams using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 34(1), 155-170. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.1.155
117 Shariati, M., Sulong, N.R. and Khanouki, M.A. (2012e), "Experimental assessment of channel shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading in high strength concrete", Mater. Des., 34, 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.08.008   DOI
118 Shah, S., Sulong, N.R., Jumaat, M. and Shariati, M. (2016b), "State-of-the-art review on the design and performance of steel pallet rack connections", Eng. Fail. Anal., 66, 240-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2016.04.017   DOI
119 Shah, S., Sulong, N.R., Khan, R., Jumaat, M. and Shariati, M. (2016c), "Behavior of industrial steel rack connections", Mech. Syst. Signal Process., 70, 725-740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2015.08.026   DOI