Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sss.2010.6.5_6.595

Wireless sensor networks for permanent health monitoring of historic buildings  

Zonta, Daniele (Department of Mechanical and Structural Engineering, University of Trento)
Wu, Huayong (Department of Mechanical and Structural Engineering, University of Trento)
Pozzi, Matteo (Department of Mechanical and Structural Engineering, University of Trento)
Zanon, Paolo (Department of Mechanical and Structural Engineering, University of Trento)
Ceriotti, Matteo (IRST, Bruno Kessler Foundation)
Mottola, Luca (Swedish Institute of Computer Science)
Picco, Gian Pietro (DISI, University of Trento)
Murphy, Amy L. (IRST, Bruno Kessler Foundation)
Guna, Stefan (DISI, University of Trento)
Corra, Michele (Tretec S.r.l.)
Publication Information
Smart Structures and Systems / v.6, no.5_6, 2010 , pp. 595-618 More about this Journal
Abstract
This paper describes the application of a wireless sensor network to a 31 meter-tall medieval tower located in the city of Trento, Italy. The effort is motivated by preservation of the integrity of a set of frescoes decorating the room on the second floor, representing one of most important International Gothic artworks in Europe. The specific application demanded development of customized hardware and software. The wireless module selected as the core platform allows reliable wireless communication at low cost with a long service life. Sensors include accelerometers, deformation gauges, and thermometers. A multi-hop data collection protocol was applied in the software to improve the system's flexibility and scalability. The system has been operating since September 2008, and in recent months the data loss ratio was estimated as less than 0.01%. The data acquired so far are in agreement with the prediction resulting a priori from the 3-dimensional FEM. Based on these data a Bayesian updating procedure is employed to real-time estimate the probability of abnormal condition states. This first period of operation demonstrated the stability and reliability of the system, and its ability to recognize any possible occurrence of abnormal conditions that could jeopardize the integrity of the frescos.
Keywords
wireless sensor network; fiber optic sensors; structural health monitoring; Bayesian analysis; historic construction;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Arms, S.W., Townsend, C.P., Churchill, D.L., Galbreath, J.H., Corneau, B., Ketcham, R.P. and Phan, N. (2008), "Energy harvesting, wireless, structural health monitoring and reporting system", Proceedings of the 2nd AsiaPacific Workshop on SHM, Melbourne, December.
2 Bastianini, F., Matta, F., Rizzo, A., Galati, N. and Nanni, A. (2006), "Overview of recent bridge monitoring applications using distributed brillouin fiber optic sensors", Proceedings of the 7th Structural Materials Technology (SMT): NDE/NDT for Highways and Bridges and the 6th International Symposium on NDT in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE), (Ed. I. Al-Qadi and G. Washer), August.
3 Bennett, R., Hayes-Gill, B., Crowe, J.A., Armitage, R., Rodgers, D. and Hendroff, A. (1999), "Wireless Monitoring of Highways", Proceedings of the Smart Structures and Materials 1999: Smart Systems for Bridges, Structures, and Highways, Newport Beach, CA, USA, March.
4 Beck, J.L. and Katafygiotis, L.S. (1998), "Updating models and their uncertainties, I: Bayesian statistical framework", J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE, 124(2), 455-461.   DOI
5 Beck, J.L. and Au, S.K. (2002), "Bayesian Updating of Structural Models and Reliability using Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulation", J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE, 128(4), 380-391.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 British Standards Institution (BSI) (1993), BS 7385-2 Evaluation and measurement for vibration in buildings. Guide to damage levels from groundborne vibration, BSI, London, UK.
7 Caffrey, J., Govindan, R., Johnson, E.A., Krishnamachari, B., Masri, S., Sukhatme, G., Chintalapudi, K., Dantu, K., Rangwala, S., Sridharan, A., Xu, N. and Zuniga, M. (2004), "Networked Sensing for Structural Health Monitoring", Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Structural Control, Columbia University, New York, June.
8 Casas, J.R. and Cruz. P.J.S. (2003), "Fiber optic sensors for bridge monitoring", J. Bridge Eng.- ASCE, 8(6), 362-373.   DOI
9 Castelnuovo, E. (1987), Il ciclo dei Mesi di Torre Aquila a Trento. Museo Provinciale d'Arte, Trento, Italy.
10 Ceriotti, M., Mottola, L., Picco, G.P., Murphy, A.L., Guna, S., Corrà, M., Pozzi, M., Zonta, D. and Zanon, P. (2009), "Monitoring heritage buildings with wireless sensor networks: the Torre Aquila deployment", Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, San Francisco, April.
11 Clayton, E.H., Qian, Y., Orjih, O., Dyke, S.J., Mita, A. and Lu, C. (2006), "Off-the-shelf modal analysis: structural health monitoring with motes", Proceedings of the International Modal Analysis Conference, January.
12 Costa, P., Mottola, L., Murphy, A.L. and Picco, G.P. (2007), "Programming wireless sensor networks with the TeenyLIME middleware", Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IFIP/USENIX International Middleware Conference, Newport Beach, CA, USA, November.
13 D'Ayala, D. and Fodde, E. (eds.) (2008), Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions: Preserving Safety and Significance, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherland.
14 Deutsches Institut fur Normung e. V. (DIN). (1999), DIN 4150-3 Erschutterungen im Bauwesen - Teil 3: Einwirkungen auf bauliche Anlage, DIN, Berlin, Germany.
15 Farrar, C.R. and Worden, K. (2007), "An introduction to structural health monitoring", Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, 365(1851), 303-315.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Ganeriwal, S., Kumar, R. and Srivastava, M.B. (2003), "Timing-sync protocol for sensor networks", Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SENSYS).
17 Glisiae, B. and Inaudi, D. (2007), Fibre Optic Methods for Structural Health Monitoring. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.
18 Kijewski-Correa, T., Haenggi, M. and Antsaklis, P. (2005), "Multi-scale wireless sensor networks for structural health monitoring", Proceedings of the SHM-II'05, November.
19 Inaudi, D. (2005), "Overview of fibre optic sensing to structural health monitoring applications", Proceedings of the International Symposium on Innovation & Sustainability of Structures in Civil Engineering, Nanjing, China
20 Inaudi, D. and Glisiae, B. (2008), "Overview of fibre optic sensing applications to structural health monitoring", Proceedings of the Symposium on Geodesy for Geotechnical and Structural Engineering, Lisbon.
21 Kim, S., Pakzad, S., Culler, D., Demmel, J., Fenves, G., Glaser, S. and Turon, M. (2007), "Health monitoring of civil infrastructures using wireless sensor networks", Proceedings of the IPSN'07, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, April.
22 Kurata, N., Spencer, Jr., B.F. and Ruiz-Sandoval, M. (2005), "Risk monitoring of buildings with wireless sensor networks", Struct. Control Health Monit, 12, 315-327.   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Lee, B. (2003), "Review of the present status of optical fiber sensors", Opt. Fiber Technol. 9, 57-79.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Lemke, J. (2000), "A remote vibration monitoring system using wireless internet data transfer", Proceedings SPIE, International Society for Optical Engineering, 3995, 436-445.
25 Lewis, F.L. (2004), Wireless sensor networks, Smart Environments: Technologies, Protocols, and Applications D.J. Cook and S.K. Das, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.
26 Lynch, J.P. and Loh, K.J. (2006), "A summary review of wireless sensors and sensor networks for structural health monitoring", Shock Vib. Digest, 38(2), 91-128.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Lynch, J.P., Law, K.H., Kiremidjian, A.S., Kenny, T.W., Carryer, E. and Partridge, A. (2001), "The design of a wireless sensing unit for structural health monitoring", Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, Stanford, CA, September.
28 Lynch, J.P., Kiremidjian, A.S., Law, K.H., Kenny, T.W. and Carryer, E. (2002a), "Issues in wireless structural damage monitoring technologies", Proceedings of the Third World Conference on Structural Control, 2, 667-672.
29 Lynch, J.P., Law, K.H., Kiremidjian, A.S., Kenny, T.W. and Carryer, E. (2002b), "A wireless modular monitoring system for civil structures", Proceedings of the 20th International Modal Analysis Conference, Los Angeles, CA, USA, February.
30 Measures, R.M. (2001), Structural monitoring with fiber optic technology, Academic Press, Canada.
31 Modena, C., Lourenço, P.B. and Roca, P. (eds.). (2004), Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions: Possibilities of Numerical and Experimental Techniques, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
32 Papadimitriou, C., Beck, J.L. and Katafygiotis, L.S. (1997), "Asymptotic expansion for reliability and moments of uncertain systems", J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE, 123(12), 380-391.
33 Sazonov, E., Janoyan, K. and Jha, R. (2004), "Wireless intelligent sensor network for autonomous structural health monitoring", Proceedings of the SPIE on Smart Structures and Materials: Smart Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems, San Diego, CA, March.
34 Pines, D.J. and Lovell, P.A. (1998), "Conceptual framework of a remote wireless health monitoring system for large civil structures", Smart Mater.Struct., 7, 627-636.   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Polastre, J., Szewczyk, R. and Culler, D. (2005), "Telos: enabling ultra-low power wireless research", Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN).
36 Pozzi, M., Zonta, D., Wu, H.Y. and Inaudi, D. (2008), "Development and laboratory validation of in-line multiplexed low-coherence interferometric sensors", Opt. Fiber Technol., 14, 281-293.   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Sivia, D.S. (2006), Data Analysis: a Bayesian Tutorial, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
38 Sohn, H., Farrar, C.R., Hemez, F.M., Czarnecki, J.J., Shunk, D.D., Stinemates, D.W. and Nadler, B.R. (2003), "A review of structural health monitoring literature: 1996-2001", Los Alamos National Laboratory Report, LA-13976-MS
39 Sohn, H. and Law, K.H. (1997), "A bayesian probabilistic approach for structure damage detection", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 26(12), 1259-1281.   DOI   ScienceOn
40 Spencer, Jr., B.F., Ruiz-Sandoval, M.E. and Kurata, N. (2003), "Opportunities and challenges for smart sensing technology", Proceedings of the First International. Conference on Structural Health Monitoring and Intelligent Infrastructure, Tokyo, November.
41 Straser, E.G. and Kiremidjian, A.S. (1998), A Modular, Wireless Damage Monitoring System for Structures, Technical Report 128, John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
42 Wu, H.Y. (2009), Fiber optic sensors and damage evaluation methods for structural health monitoring, PHD thesis, University of Trento.
43 Xu, N., Rangwala, S., Chintalapudi, K., Ganesan, D., Broad, A., Govindan, R. and Estrin, D. (2004), "A wireless sensor network for structural monitoring", Proceedings of the SenSys '04, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, November.
44 Zonta, D., Pozzi, M., Wu, H.Y. and Inaudi, D. (2009), "Bayesian logic applied to damage assessment of a smart precast concrete element", Key Eng. Mater., 413-414, 351-358.   DOI
45 Zonta, D., Pozzi, M. and Zanon, P. (2008), "Managing the historical heritage using distributed technologies", Int. J. Architect. Herit., 2, 200-225.   DOI   ScienceOn