Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2022.43.3.403

Vibration behaviour of cold-formed steel and particleboard composite flooring systems  

AL Hunaity, Suleiman A. (School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney (UTS))
Far, Harry (School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney (UTS))
Saleh, Ali (School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney (UTS))
Publication Information
Steel and Composite Structures / v.43, no.3, 2022 , pp. 403-417 More about this Journal
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increasing demand for buildings that allow rapid assembly of construction elements, have ample open space areas and are flexible in their final intended use. Accordingly, researchers have developed new competitive structures in terms of cost and efficiency, such as cold-formed steel and timber composite floors, to satisfy these requirements. Cold-formed steel and timber composite floors are light floors with relatively high stiffness, which allow for longer spans. As a result, they inherently have lower fundamental natural frequency and lower damping. Therefore, they are likely to undergo unwanted vibrations under the action of human activities such as walking. It is also quite expensive and complex to implement vibration control measures on problematic floors. In this study, a finite element model of a composite floor reported in the literature was developed and validated against four-point bending test results. The validated FE model was then utilised to examine the vibration behaviour of the investigated composite floor. Predictions obtained from the numerical model were compared against predictions from analytical formulas reported in the literature. Finally, the influence of various parameters on the vibration behaviour of the composite floor was studied and discussed.
Keywords
cold-formed steel; composite flooring systems; finite element method; floor vibrations; modal analysis; natural frequency;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 5  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Zhou, X., Shi, Y., Xu, L., Yao, X. and Wang, W. (2018), "A simplified method to evaluate the flexural capacity of lightweight cold-formed steel floor system with oriented strand board subfloor", Thin-Wall. Struct., 134, 40-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2018.09.006.   DOI
2 Zhu, L., Yang, Y., Wang, Z. and Song, M. (2016), "Stability analyses of the upper chord tubes of light gauge steel-oriented strand board composite truss girders", Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn., 16(01), 1640012-1640012. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455416400125.   DOI
3 Zhang, B., Rasmussen, B., Jorissen, A. and Harte, A. (2013), "Comparison of vibrational comfort assessment criteria for design of timber floors among the European countries", Eng. Struct., 52, 592-607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.03.028.   DOI
4 Far, H. (2020), "Flexural behavior of cold-formed steel-timber composite flooring systems", J. Struct. Eng. (United States). 146(5), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002600.   DOI
5 AS 3623 (1993), Domestic Metal Framing (Reconfirmed in 2018), Standards Australia; NSW, Australia.
6 Bachmann, H., Ammann, W.J., Deischl, F., Eisenmann, J., Floegl, I., Hirsch, G.H., Klein, G.K., Lande, G.J., Mahrenholtz, O., Natke, H.G., Nussbaumer, H., Pretlove, A.J., Rainer, J.H., Saemann, E.U. and Steinbeisser, L. (1995), Vibration Problems in Structures, Birkhauser Basel, Basel.
7 Cao, L., Tan, Y. and Li, J. (2021), "Experimental studies on vibration serviceability of composite steel-bar truss slab with steel girder under human activities", Steel Compos. Struct., 40(5), 663-678. https://doi.org//10.12989/scs.2021.40.5.663.   DOI
8 Chiniforush, A., Makki Alamdari, M., Dackermann, U., Valipour, H.R. and Akbarnezhad, A. (2019), "Vibration behaviour of steel-timber composite floors, part (1): Experimental & numerical investigation", J. Construct. Steel Res., 161, 244-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.07.007.   DOI
9 Ebrahimpour, A. and Sack, RL (1992), "Design Live Loads for Coherent Crowd Harmonic Movements", J. Struct. Eng., 118(4), 1121-1136. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:4(1121).   DOI
10 Kyvelou, P. (2017), Structural Behaviour of Composite Cold-Formed Steel Systems, Ph.D. Dissertation, Imperial College London, London, UK.
11 Far, H., Saleh, A. and Firouzianhaji, A. (2017), "A simplified method to determine shear stiffness of thin walled cold formed steel storage rack frames", J. Construct. Steel Res., 138, 799-805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2017.09.012.   DOI
12 Feldmann, M., Heinemeyer, C., Butz, C., Caetano, E., Cunha, A ., Galanti, F. and Goldack, A. (2009), "Design of floor structures for human induced vibrations, JRC-ECCS Joint Report", JRC 55118, JRC-Scientific and Technical Report.
13 Gardner, L. and Ashraf, M. (2006), "Structural design for nonlinear metallic materials", Eng. Struct., 28(6), 926-934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.11.001.   DOI
14 Gerilla, G.P., Teknomo, K. and Hokao, K. (2007), "An environmental assessment of wood and steel reinforced concrete housing construction", Build. Environ., 42(7), 2778-2784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.07.021.   DOI
15 Guan, Y., Zhou, X., Yao, X. and Shi, Y. (2019), "Vibration of cold-formed steel floors with a steel form deck and gypsum-based self-leveling underlayment", Adv. Struct. Eng., 22(13), 2741-2754. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433219849836.   DOI
16 Hassanieh, A., Chiniforush, A.A., Valipour, H.R. and Bradford, M.A. (2019), "Vibration behaviour of steel-timber composite floors, part (2): Evaluation of human-induced vibrations", J. Construct. Steel Res., 158, 156-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.03.026.   DOI
17 Kyvelou, P., Reynolds, T., Beckett, C., Wong, P.W. and Huang, Y. (2018), "Composite panels of cold-formed steel and timber for high- density construction", 2018 World Conference on Timber Engineering, WCTE 2018, Seoul, Republic of Korea, August.
18 ISO 10137 (2007), Bases for Design of Structures-Serviceability of Buildings and Walkways against Vibrations, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
19 Janowiak, J.J., Hindman, D.P. and Manbeck, H.B. (2001), "Orthotropic behavior of lumber composite materials", Wood Fiber Sci., 33(4), 580-594.
20 Hsu, C.T.T., Punurai, S., Punurai, W. and Majdi, Y. (2014), "New composite beams having cold-formed steel joists and concrete slab", Eng. Struct., 71, 187-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.04.011.   DOI
21 Kyvelou, P., Gardner, L. and Nethercot, D.A. (2015), "Composite Action between Cold-Formed Steel Beams and Wood-Based Floorboards", Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn., 15(8), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455415400295.   DOI
22 Kyvelou, P., Gardner, L. and Nethercot, D.A. (2017), "Design of composite cold-formed steel flooring systems", Structures. 12, 242-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2017.09.006.   DOI
23 Kyvelou, P., Gardner, L. and Nethercot, D.A. (2017), "Testing and analysis of composite cold-formed steel and wood-based flooring systems", J. Struct. Eng. (United States). 143(11), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001885.   DOI
24 Kyvelou, P., Gardner, L. and Nethercot, D.A. (2018), "Finite element modelling of composite cold-formed steel flooring systems", Eng. Struct.. 158(May 2017), 28-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.12.024.   DOI
25 Dar, M.A., Subramanian, N., Dar, A.R., Majid, M., Haseeb, M. and Tahoor, M. (2019), "Structural efficiency of various strengthening schemes for cold-formed steel beams: Effect of global imperfections", Steel Compos. Struct., 30(4), 393-403. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.4.393.   DOI
26 Karki, D. and Far, H. (2021), "State of the art on composite coldformed steel flooring systems", Steel Construct., 14, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1002/stco.202000026.   DOI
27 Karren, K.W. (1967), Effects of Cold-Forming on Light-Gage Steel Members,
28 Kraus, C.A. (1997), Floor Vibration Design Criterion for Cold-Formed C-Shaped Supported Residential Floor Systems, Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech.
29 Middleton, C.J. and Brownjohn, J.M.W. (2010), "Response of high frequency floors: A literature review", Eng. Struct., 32(2), 337-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.11.003.   DOI
30 Liu, J., Cao, L. and Chen, Y.F. (2019), "Vibration performance of composite steel-bar truss slab with steel girder", Steel Compos. Struct., 30(6), 577-589. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.6.577.   DOI
31 Mirambell, E., Bonilla, J., Bezerra, L.M. and Clero, B. (2021), "Numerical study on the deflections of steel-concrete composite beams with partial interaction", Steel Compos. Struct., 38(1), 67-78. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2021.38.1.067.   DOI
32 Mohammed, A.S., Pavic, A. and Racic, V. (2018), "Improved model for human induced vibrations of high-frequency floors", Eng. Struct., 168(May), 950-966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.04.093.   DOI
33 Mulas, M.G., Lai, E. and Lastrico, G. (2018), "Coupled analysis of footbridge-pedestrian dynamic interaction", Eng. Struct., 176(September), 127-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.08.055.   DOI
34 Navaratnam, S., Widdowfield Small, D., Gatheeshgar, P., Poologanathan, K., Thamboo, J., Higgins, C. and Mendis, P. (2021), "Development of cross laminated timber-cold-formed steel composite beam for floor system to sustainable modular building construction", Structures. 32, 681-690. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.03.051.   DOI
35 Murray, T.M., Allen, D.E. and Ungar, E.E. (2003), AISC Design guide 11 Floor Vibrations Due to Human Activities, American Institute of Steel Construction, United States.
36 Murray, T.M., Allen, D.E., Ungar, E.E. and Davis, D.B. (2016), AISC Design Guide 11, Vibrations of Steel-Framed Structural Systems Due to Human Activity, American Institute of Steel Construction, United States of America.
37 Pernica, G. (1990), "Dynamic load factors for pedestrian movements and rhythmic exercises", Canadian Acoustics. 18(2), 3-18.
38 ISO 2631-2 (1989), Evaluation of Human Exposure to Whole-Body Vibration - Part 2: Continuous and Shock-Induced Vibrations in Buildings (1 to 80 Hz), International Organization for Standardization; Geneva, Switzerland.
39 Natario, P., Silvestre, N. and Camotim, D. (2014), "Computational modelling of flange crushing in cold-formed steel sections", Thin-Walled Struct., 84, 393-405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2014.07.006.   DOI
40 Parnell, R., Davis, B.W. and Xu, L. (2010), "Vibration performance of lightweight cold-formed steel floors", J. Struct. Eng., 136(6), 645-653. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000168.   DOI
41 Racic, V., Pavic, A. and Brownjohn, J.M.W. (2009), "Experimental identification and analytical modelling of human walking forces: Literature review", J. Sound Vib., 326(1-2), 1-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2009.04.020.   DOI
42 Rack, W. and Lange, J. (2010), "Human induced vibrations of lightweight floor systems supported by cold-formed steel joists", Adv. Trends Struct. Eng., Mech. Comput., Cape Town, South Africa.
43 Rainer, J.H. and Pernica, G. (1986), "Vertical dynamic forces from footsteps", Canadian Acoustics. 14(2), 12-21.
44 Ramberg, W. and Osgood, W.R. (1943), Desription of stress-strain curves by three parameters, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.
45 Bachmann, H. (1987), Vibrations in Structures, Induced by Man and Machines, International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland.
46 Afshan, S., Rossi, B. and Gardner, L. (2013), "Strength enhancements in cold-formed structural sections - Part I: Material testing", J. Construct. Steel Res.. 83, 177-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2012.12.008.   DOI
47 Allen, D.E., Onysko, D.M. and Murray, T.M. (1999), Minimising Floor Vibration, Applied Technology Council, Redwood City, CA, USA.
48 Ataei, A., Bradford, M.A. and Valipour, H.R. (2016), "Finite element analysis of HSS semi-rigid composite joints with precast concrete slabs and demountable bolted shear connectors', Finite Elements Anal. Des., 122, 16-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2016.08.003.   DOI
49 Bai, X., Lee, A.W.C., Thompson, L.L. and Rosowsky, D.V. (1999), "Finite element analysis of Moso bamboo-reinforced southern pine OSB composite beams", Wood Fiber Science, 31(4), 403-415.
50 Cao, L., Li, J., Zheng, X. and Chen, Y.F. (2020), "Vibration behavior of large span composite steel bar truss-reinforced concrete floor due to human activity", Steel Compos. Struct., 37(4), 391-404. https://doi.org//10.12989/scs.2020.37.4.391.   DOI
51 Chen, G. and He, B. (2017), "Stress-strain constitutive relation of OSB under axial loading: An experimental investigation", BioResources. 12(3), 6142-6156. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.12.3.6142-6156.   DOI
52 Loss, C., Piazza, M. and Zandonini, R. (2016), "Connections for steel-timber hybrid prefabricated buildings. Part II: Innovative modular structures", Construct. Build. Mater., 122, 796-808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.001.   DOI
53 Rao, S.S. (2007), Vibration of Continuous Systems, John Wiley & Sons Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, United States.
54 Casagrande, D., Giongo, I., Pederzolli, F., Franciosi, A. and Piazza, M. (2018), "Analytical, numerical and experimental assessment of vibration performance in timber floors", Eng. Structures. 168(July 2017), 748-758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.05.020.   DOI
55 EN 1995-1-1 (2004), Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures-Part 1-1: General-Common rules and rules for buildings, European Committee for Standardization; Brussels, Belgium.
56 Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. and Sathre, R. (2014), "Lifecycle carbon implications of conventional and low-energy multistorey timber building systems", Energy Build., 82, 194-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.06.034.   DOI
57 Vasdravellis, G., Uy, B., Tan, E.L. and Kirkland, B. (2015), "Behaviour and design of composite beams subjected to sagging bending and axial compression", J. Construct. Steel Res., 110, 29-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.03.010.   DOI
58 Saleh, A., Far, H. and Mok, L. (2018), "Effects of different support conditions on experimental bending strength of thin walled cold formed steel storage upright frames", J. Construct. Steel Res., 150, 1-6.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.07.031.   DOI
59 Smith, A.L., Hicks, S.J. and Devine, P.J. (2009), Design of floors for vibration: A new approach, Steel Construction Institute Ascot, Berkshire, UK
60 Tangorra, F.M., Xu, L. and Xie, W.C. (2002). "Vibration characteristics of lightweight floors using cold-formed steel joist", 16th International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures, Orlando, Florida, October.
61 Wyatt, T.A. (1989), Design Guide on the Vibration of Floors, Steel Construction Institute, Ascot, Berkshire, U.K.
62 Xu, L. (2011), "Floor vibration performance of lightweight cold-formed steel framing", Adv. Struct. Eng., 14(4), 659-672.   DOI
63 Thirunavukkarasu, K., Kanthasamy, E., Gatheeshgar, P., Poologanathan, K., Rajanayagam, H., Suntharalingam, T. and Dissanayake, M. (2021), "Sustainable performance of a modular building system made of built-up cold-formed steel beams", Buildings. 11(10), 460.   DOI
64 Xu, L. and Tangorra, F.M. (2007), "Experimental investigation of lightweight residential floors supported by cold-formed steel C-shape joists", J. Construct. Steel Res., 63(3), 422-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2006.05.010.   DOI
65 Xu, L., Zhang, S. and Yu, C. (2018), "Determination of equivalent rigidities of cold-formed steel floor systems for vibration analysis, Part II: evaluation of the fundamental frequency", Thin-Wall. Struct., 132, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2018.08.002.   DOI
66 Zhang, S., Xu, L. and Qin, J. (2017), "Vibration of lightweight steel floor systems with occupants: Modelling, formulation and dynamic properties", Eng. Struct., 147, 652-665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.06.008.   DOI