Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.32.1.001

Rigid plastic analysis for the seismic performance evaluation of steel storage racks  

Montuori, Rosario (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno)
Gabbianelli, Giammaria (University School for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia)
Nastri, Elide (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno)
Simoncelli, Marco (Department of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering, Politecnico di Milano)
Publication Information
Steel and Composite Structures / v.32, no.1, 2019 , pp. 1-19 More about this Journal
Abstract
The aim of the paper is the prediction of the seismic collapse mode of steel storage pallet racks under seismic loads. The attention paid by the researchers on the behaviour of the industrial steel storage pallets racks is increased over the years thanks to their high dead-to-live load ratio. In fact, these structures, generally made by cold-formed thin-walled profiles, present very low structural costs but can support large and expensive loads. The paper presents a prediction of the seismic collapse modes of multi-storey racks. The analysis of the possible collapse modes has been made by an approach based on the kinematic theorem of plastic collapse extended to the second order effects by means of the concept of collapse mechanism equilibrium curve. In this way, the dissipative behaviour of racks is determined with a simpler method than the pushover analysis. Parametric analyses have been performed on 24 racks, differing for the geometric layout and cross-section of the components, designed in according to the EN16618 and EN15512 requirements. The obtained results have highlighted that, in all the considered cases, the global collapse mechanism, that is the safest one, never develops, leading to a dangerous situation that must be avoided to preserve the structure during a seismic event. Although the studied racks follow all the codes prescriptions, the development of a dissipative collapse mechanism is not achieved. In addition, also the variability of load distribution has been considered, reflecting the different pallet positions assumed during the in-service life of the racks, to point out its influence on the collapse mechanism. The information carried out from the paper can be very useful for designers and manufacturers because it allows to better understand the racks behaviour in seismic load condition.
Keywords
steel storage pallet racks; thin-walled members; seismic performance; collapse mechanism; TPCM;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Bernuzzi, C., Gabbianelli, G., Gobetti, A. and Rosti, A. (2016), "Beam design for steel storage racks", J. Constr. Steel Res., 116,156-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.09.007   DOI
2 Calderoni, B., De Martino, A., Formisano, A. and Fiorino, L. (2009), "Cold formed steel beams under monotonic and cyclic loading: Experimental investigation", J. Constr. Steel Res., 65, 219-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2008.07.014   DOI
3 Cardoso, F.S. and Rasmussen, K.J.R. (2016), "Finite element (FE) modelling of storage rack frames", J. Constr. Steel Res., 126, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.06.015   DOI
4 Castiglioni, C.A. and et al. (2007), SEISRACKS RFSR-CT-2004-00045, Final Report Program of the Research Fund for Coal and Steel RTD, s.l.: s.n.
5 Castiglioni, C.A., Kanyilmaz, A., Angeretti, M., Brambilla, G., Chiarelli, G.P. and Bernuzzi, C. (2014), Experimental results of full scale push over tests of project SEISRACKS2 (seismic behaviour of steel storage pallet racking systems). Instanbul, s.n.
6 CEN (2004), Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 1-1: general rules and rules for buildings, CEN, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
7 CEN (2009), EN15512 - Steel static storage systems - Adjustable pallet racking systems - Principles for structural design, CEN, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
8 CEN (2016), EN16681 - Steel static storage systems - Adjustable pallet racking systems - Principles for seismic design, CEN. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
9 D'Aniello, M., Guneyisi, E., Landolfo, R. and Mermerdas, K. (2014), "Analytical prediction of available rotation capacity of cold-formed rectangular and square hollow section beams", Thin-Wall. Struct., 77, 141-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2013.09.015   DOI
10 D'Aniello, M., Guneyisi, E., Landolfo, R. and Mermerdas, K. (2015), "Predictive models of the flexural overstrength factor for steel thin-walled circular hollow section beams", Thin-Wall. Struct., 94, 67-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2015.03.020   DOI
11 Dey, P. and Talukdar, S. (2016), "Influence of Warping on Modal Parameters of Thin-walled Channel Section Steel Beam", Procedia Eng., 144, 52-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.05.006   DOI
12 El Kadi, B., Cosgun, C., Mangir, A. and Kimaz, G. (2017), "Strength upgrading of steel storage rack frames in the downaisle direction", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 23(2), 143-152. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2017.23.2.143   DOI
13 FEM (2010), FEM 10.2.08 - Recommendations for the design of static steel storage pallet racks in seismic conditions, Federation Europeenne de Manutention, Brussels, Belgim.
14 Filiatrault, A., Higgins, P.S. and Wanitkorkul, A. (2006), "Experimental stiffness and seismic response of pallet-type steel storage rack connectors", Practice Period. Struct. Des. Constr., 11(3), 161-170. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0680(2006)11:3(161)   DOI
15 Longo, A., Montuori, R., Nastri, E. and Piluso, V. (2014a), "On the use of HSS in seismic-resistant structures", J. Constr. Steel Res., 103, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.07.019   DOI
16 Gabbianelli, G. (2016), "Numerical model for framed structures with thin-walled cross-section members", Pavia: Ph.D. Thesis; University of Pavia, Faculty of Engineering.
17 Gabbianelli, G., Kanyilmaz, A., Bernuzzi, C. and Castiglioni, C.A. (2017), "A combined experimental-numerical study on unbraced pallet rack under pushover loads", Ingegneria sismica - Int. J. Earthq. Eng., 34(1), 18-39.
18 Longo, A., Montuori, R. and Piluso, V. (2012), "Failure mode control and seismic response of dissipative truss moment frames", J. Struct. Eng. (United States), 138(11), 1388-1397. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000569   DOI
19 Mazzolani, F.M. and Piluso, V. (1997), "Plastic Design of Seismic Resistant Steel Frames", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 26, 167-191. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199702)26:2<167::AID-EQE630>3.0.CO;2-2   DOI
20 Longo, A., Montuori, R. and Piluso, V. (2014b), "Theory of plastic mechanism control for MRF-CBF dual systems and its validation", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 12(6), 2745-2775. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199702)26:2<167::AID-EQE630>3.0.CO;2-2   DOI
21 Mohan, V. and Vishnu, C. (2013), "Joint stiffness of cold-formed steel pallet rack connections: A comparison of the methodology", J. Struct. Eng. (India), 40(5), 457-465.
22 Mohan, V., Prabha, P., Rajasankar, J., Iyer, N.R., Raviswaran, N., Nagendiran, V. and Kamalakannan, S.S. (2015), "Cold-formed steel pallet rack connection: an experimental study", Int. J. Adv. Struct. Eng., 7(1), 55-68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40091-015-0082-9   DOI
23 Montuori, R., Nastri, E., Piluso, V. and Troisi, M. (2016b), "Influence of the cyclic behaviour of beam-to-column connection on the seismic response of regular steel frames", Ingegneria Sismica - Int. J. Earthq. Eng., 33(1-2), 91-105.
24 Montuori, R., Nastri, E. and Piluso, V. (2014), "Theory of plastic mechanism control for eccentrically braced frames with inverted y-scheme", J. Constr. Steel Res., 92, 122-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.10.009   DOI
25 Montuori, R., Nastri, E. and Piluso, V. (2015), "Advances in theory of plastic mechanism control: closed form solution for MR-frames", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 44(7), 1035-1054.   DOI
26 Montuori, R., Nastri, E. and Piluso, V. (2016a), "Theory of Plastic Mechanism Control for MRF-EBF dual systems: Closed form solution", Eng. Struct., 118, 287-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.03.050   DOI
27 Pekoz, T. and Winter, G. (1973), Cold-formed Steel Racks Structures, St. Louis, MO, s.n.
28 Rafiqul Haque, A. and Alam, M. (2013), "Direct displacementbased design of industrial rack clad buildings", Earthq. Spectra, 4(29), 1311-1334. https://doi.org/10.1193/080611EQS195M   DOI
29 Petrovcic, S. and Kilar, V. (2012), "Effects of horizontal and vertical mass-asymmetric distributions on the seismic response of a high-rack steel structure", Adv. Struct. Eng., 15(11), 1977-1988. https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.15.11.1977   DOI
30 Piluso, V., Pisapia, A., Castaldo, P. and Nastri, E. (2019), "Probabilistic Theory of Plastic Mechanism Control for Steel Moment Resisting Frames", Struct. Safety, 76, 95-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2018.08.003   DOI
31 Rasmussen, K.J.R. and Gilbert, B.P. (2013), "Analysis-based design provisions for steel storage racks", J. Struct. Eng., 139, 849-859. https://doi.org/10.1193/080611EQS195M   DOI
32 Bernuzzi, C. and Simoncelli, M. (2016), "An advanced design procedures for the safe use of steel storage pallet racks in seismic zones", Thin-Wall. Struct., 109, 73-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2016.09.010   DOI
33 Sangle, K.K., Bajora, K.M. and Talicoti, R.S. (2014), "Elastic stability analysis of cold-formed storage rack structures with semi-rigid connections", J. Constr. Steel Res., 71, 245-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2011.11.002   DOI
34 Shah, S.N.R., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Jumaat, M.Z. and Shariati, M. (2012), "State-of-the-art review on the design and performance of steel pallet rack connections", Eng. Fail. Anal., 66, 240-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2016.04.017   DOI
35 Shah, S.N.R., Sulong, N.R., Khan, R., Jumaat, M.Z. and Shariati, M. (2016), "Behavior of Industrial Steel Rack Connections", Mech. Syst. Signal Process., 70-71, 725-740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2015.08.026   DOI
36 Baldassino, N. and Zandonini, R. (2011), "Design by testing of industrial racks", Adv. Steel Constr., 7(1), 27-47.
37 Bernuzzi, C. and Castiglioni, C.A. (2001), "Experimental analysis on the cyclic behaviour of beam-to-column joints in steel storage pallet racks", Thin-Wall. Struct., 39(10), 841-859. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-8231(01)00034-9   DOI
38 Bernuzzi, C., Di Gioia, A., Gabbianelli, G. and Simoncelli, M. (2017), "Pushover analyses of hand-loaded steel storage shelving racks", J. Earthq. Eng., 21(8), 1256-1282. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2016.1210063   DOI
39 Bernuzzi, C., Gobetti, A., Gabbianelli, G. and Simoncelli, M. (2014), "Warping influence on the resistance of uprights on steel storage pallet racks", J. Constr. Steel Res., 101, 234-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.05.014