Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.18.2.425

Bending and buckling analyses of functionally graded material (FGM) size-dependent nanoscale beams including the thickness stretching effect  

Chaht, Fouzia Larbi (Material and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Faculty of Technology, Civil Engineering Department)
Kaci, Abdelhakim (Material and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Faculty of Technology, Civil Engineering Department)
Houari, Mohammed Sid Ahmed (Laboratoire des Structures et Materiaux Avances dans le Genie Civil et Travaux Publics, Universite de Sidi Bel Abbes, Faculte de Technologie, Departement de genie civil)
Tounsi, Abdelouahed (Material and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Faculty of Technology, Civil Engineering Department)
Beg, O. Anwar (Gort Engovation-Propulsion, Nanomechanics and Biophysics)
Mahmoud, S.R. (Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University)
Publication Information
Steel and Composite Structures / v.18, no.2, 2015 , pp. 425-442 More about this Journal
Abstract
This paper addresses theoretically the bending and buckling behaviors of size-dependent nanobeams made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) including the thickness stretching effect. The size-dependent FGM nanobeam is investigated on the basis of the nonlocal continuum model. The nonlocal elastic behavior is described by the differential constitutive model of Eringen, which enables the present model to become effective in the analysis and design of nanostructures. The present model incorporates the length scale parameter (nonlocal parameter) which can capture the small scale effect, and furthermore accounts for both shear deformation and thickness stretching effects by virtue of a sinusoidal variation of all displacements through the thickness without using shear correction factor. The material properties of FGM nanobeams are assumed to vary through the thickness according to a power law. The governing equations and the related boundary conditions are derived using the principal of minimum total potential energy. A Navier-type solution is developed for simply-supported boundary conditions, and exact expressions are proposed for the deflections and the buckling load. The effects of nonlocal parameter, aspect ratio and various material compositions on the static and stability responses of the FGM nanobeam are discussed in detail. The study is relevant to nanotechnology deployment in for example aircraft structures.
Keywords
nanobeam; nonlocal elasticity theory; bending; buckling; stretching effect; functionally graded materials; navier solution; aspect ratio;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 8  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Aifantis, E.C. (1999), "Strain gradient interpretation of size effects", Int. J. Fract., 95(1-4), 299-314.   DOI
2 Ait Amar Meziane, M., Abdelaziz, H.H. and Tounsi, A. (2014), "An efficient and simple refined theory for buckling and free vibration of exponentially graded sandwich plates under various boundary conditions", J. Sandw. Struct. Mater., 16(3), 293-318.   DOI
3 Amara, K., Tounsi, A., Mechab, I. and Adda-Bedia, E.A. (2010), "Nonlocal elasticity effect on column buckling of multiwalled carbon nanotubes under temperature field", Appl. Math. Model., 34(12), 3933-3942.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Bachir Bouiadjra, M., Houari, M.S.A. and Tounsi, A. (2012), "Thermal buckling of functionally graded plates according to a four-variable refined plate theory", J. Therm. Stresses, 35(8), 677-694.   DOI
5 Bachir Bouiadjra, R., Adda Bedia, E.A. and Tounsi, A. (2013), "Nonlinear thermal buckling behavior of functionally graded plates using an efficient sinusoidal shear deformation theory", Struct. Eng. Mech., Int. J., 48(4), 547-567.   DOI
6 Baghdadi, H., Tounsi, A., Zidour, M. and Benzair, A. (2014), "Thermal effect on vibration characteristics of armchair and zigzag single walled carbon nanotubes using nonlocal parabolic beam theory", Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures, 23(3), 266-272.   DOI
7 Belabed, Z., Houari, M.S.A., Tounsi, A., Mahmoud, S.R. and Anwar Beg, O. (2014), "An efficient and simple higher order shear and normal deformation theory for functionally graded material (FGM) plates", Compos.: Part B, 60, 274-283.   DOI
8 Benachour, A., Daouadji Tahar, H., Ait Atmane, H., Tounsi, A. and Meftah, S.A. (2011), "A four variable refined plate theory for free vibrations of functionally graded plates with arbitrary gradient", Compos.: Part B, 42(6), 1386-1394.   DOI
9 Benatta, M.A., Mechab, I., Tounsi, A. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2008), "Static analysis of functionally graded short beams including warping and shear deformation effects", Comput. Mater. Sci., 44(2), 765-773.   DOI
10 Benguediab, S., Semmah, A., Larbi Chaht, F. Mouaz, S. and Tounsi, A. (2014), "An investigation on the characteristics of bending, buckling and vibration of nanobeams via nonlocal beam theory", Int. J. Comput. Methods, 11(6), 1350085.   DOI
11 Besseghier, A., Tounsi, A., Houari, M.S.A., Benzair, A., Boumia, L. and Heireche, H. (2011), "Thermal effect on wave propagation in double-walled carbon nanotubes embedded in a polymer matrix using nonlocal elasticity", Physica E, 43(7), 1379-1386.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Benzair, A., Tounsi, A., Besseghier, A., Heireche, H., Moulay, N. and Boumia, L. (2008), "The thermal effect on vibration of single-walled carbon nanotubes using nonlocal Timoshenko beam theory", J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 41(22), 225404.   DOI
13 Berrabah, H.M., Tounsi, A., Semmah, A. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2013), "Comparison of various refined nonlocal beam theories for bending, vibration and buckling analysis of nanobeams", Struct. Eng. Mech., Int. J., 48(3), 351-365.   DOI
14 Bessaim, A., Houari, M.S.A., Tounsi, A., Mahmoud, S.R. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2013), "A new higher-order shear and normal deformation theory for the static and free vibration analysis of sandwich plates with functionally graded isotropic face sheets", J. Sandw. Struct. Mater., 15(6), 671-703.   DOI
15 Bouderba, B., Houari, M.S.A. and Tounsi, A. (2013), "Thermomechanical bending response of FGM thick plates resting on Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundations", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 14(1), 85-104.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Boumia, L., Zidour, M., Benzair, A. and Tounsi, A. (2014), "A Timoshenko beam model for vibration analysis of chiral single-walled carbon nanotubes", Physica E, 59, 186-191.   DOI
17 Bourada, M., Tounsi, A., Houari, M.S.A. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2012), "A new four-variable refined plate theory for thermal buckling analysis of functionally graded sandwich plates", J. Sandw. Struct. Mater., 14(1), 5-33.   DOI
18 El Meiche, N., Tounsi, A., Ziane, N., Mechab, I. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2011), "A new hyperbolic shear deformation theory for buckling and vibration of functionally graded sandwich plate", Int. J. Mech. Sci., 53(4), 237-247.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Bouremana, M., Houari, M.S.A., Tounsi, A., Kaci, A. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2013), "A new first shear deformation beam theory based on neutral surface position for functionally graded beams", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 15(5), 467-479.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Bousahla, A.A., Houari, M.S.A., Tounsi, A. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2014), "A novel higher order shear and normal deformation theory based on neutral surface position for bending analysis of advanced composite plates", Int. J. Comput. Methods, 11(6), 1350082.   DOI
21 Eltaher, M.A., Emam, S.A. and Mahmoud, F.F. (2012), "Free vibration analysis of functionally graded size-dependent nanobeams", Appl. Math. Comput., 218(14), 7406-7420.   DOI
22 Eringen, A.C. (1967), "Theory of micropolar plates", Z. Angew. Math. Phys., 18, 12-30.   DOI
23 Eringen, A.C. (1972), "Nonlocal polar elastic continua", Int. J. Eng. Sci., 10(1), 1-16.   DOI
24 Eringen, A.C. (1983), "On differential equations of nonlocal elasticity and solutions of screw dislocation and surface waves", J. Appl. Phys., 54, 4703-4710.   DOI
25 Fekrar, A., El Meiche, N., Bessaim, A., Tounsi, A. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2012), "Buckling analysis of functionally graded hybrid composite plates using a new four variable refined plate theory", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 13(1), 91-107.   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Fekrar, A., Houari, M.S.A., Tounsi, A. and Mahmoud, S.R. (2014), "A new five-unknown refined theory based on neutral surface position for bending analysis of exponential graded plates", Meccanica, 49(4), 795-810.   DOI
27 Hebali, H., Tounsi, A., Houari, M.S.A., Bessaim, A. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2014), "A new quasi-3D hyperbolic shear deformation theory for the static and free vibration analysis of functionally graded plates", ASCE J. Eng. Mech., 140(2), 374-383.   DOI
28 Gafour, Y., Zidour, M., Tounsi, A., Heireche, H. and Semmah, A. (2013), "Sound wave propagation in zigzag double-walled carbon nanotubes embedded in an elastic medium using nonlocal elasticity theory", Physica E, 48, 118-123.   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Gurtin, M.E., Weissmuller, J. and Larche, F. (1998), "A general theory of curved deformable interfaces in solids at equilibrium", Philos. Mag. A, 78(5), 1093-1109.   DOI
30 Harik, V.M. and Salas, M.D. (2003), Trends in Nanoscale Mechanics, Analysis of Nanostructured Materials and Multiscale Modeling, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
31 Heireche, H., Tounsi, A., Benzair, A., Maachou, M. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2008a), "Sound wave propagation in single-walled carbon nanotubes using nonlocal elasticity", Physica E., 40(8), 2791-2799.   DOI
32 Heireche, H., Tounsi, A. and Benzair, A. (2008b), "Scale effect on wave propagation of double-walled carbon nanotubes with initial axial loading", Nanotechnology, 19, 185703.   DOI
33 Heireche, H., Tounsi, A., Benzair, A. and Mechab, I. (2008c), "Sound wave propagation in single - carbon nanotubes with initial axial stress", J. Appl. Phys., 104, 014301.   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Hemmatnezhad, M. and Ansari, R. (2013), "Finite element formulation for the free vibration analysis of embedded double-walled carbon nanotubes based on nonlocal Timoshenko beam theory", J. Theor. Appl. Phys., 7, 1-10.   DOI
35 Levinson, M. (1981), "A new rectangular beam theory", J. Sound Vib., 74(1), 81.   DOI
36 Houari, M.S.A., Tounsi, A. and Anwar Beg, O. (2013), "Thermoelastic bending analysis of functionally graded sandwich plates using a new higher order shear and normal deformation theory", Int. J. Mech. Sci., 76, 102-111.   DOI
37 Janghorban, M. and Zare, A. (2011), "Free vibration analysis of functionally graded carbon nanotubes with variable thickness by differential quadrature method", Physica E, 43(9), 1602-1604.   DOI
38 Klouche Djedid, I., Benachour, A., Houari, M.S.A., Tounsi, A. and Ameur, M. (2014), "A n-order four variable refined theory for bending and free vibration of functionally graded plates", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 17(1), 21-46.   DOI
39 Lim, C.W. and Wang, C.M. (2007), "Exact variational nonlocal stress modeling with asymptotic higher-order strain gradients for nanobeams", J. Appl. Phys., 101, 054312.   DOI
40 Lu, P., Lee, H.P., Lu, C. and Zhang, P.Q. (2007), "Application of nonlocal beam models for carbon nanotubes", Int. J. Solids Struct., 44(16), 5289-5300.   DOI
41 Maachou, M., Zidour, M., Baghdadi, H., Ziane, N. and Tounsi, A. (2011), "A nonlocal Levinson beam model for free vibration analysis of zigzag single-walled carbon nanotubes including thermal effects", Solid State Commun., 151(20), 1467-1471.   DOI   ScienceOn
42 Mahi, A., Adda Bedia, E.A., Tounsi, A. and Mechab, I. (2010), "An analytical method for temperaturedependent free vibration analysis of functionally graded beams with general boundary conditions", Compos. Struct., 92(8), 1877-1887.   DOI   ScienceOn
43 Murmu, T. and Pradhan, S.C. (2009a), "Buckling analysis of a single-walled carbon nanotube embedded in an elastic medium based on nonlocal elasticity and Timoshenko beam theory and using DQM", Physica E, 41(7), 1232-1239.   DOI
44 Menaa, R., Tounsi, A., Mouaici, F., Mechab, I., Zidi, M. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2012), "Analytical solutions for static shear correction factor of functionally graded rectangular beams", Mech. Adv. Mater. Struct., 19(8), 641-652.   DOI
45 Mukherjee, S. and Aluru, N.R. (2006), "Applications in micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems", Engrg. Anal. Bound. Elem. 30, 909.   DOI
46 Murmu, T. and Adhikari, S. (2012), "Non local elasticity based vibration of initially pre-stressed coupled nanobeam systems", Eur. J. Mechanics A-Solids, 34, 52-62.   DOI
47 Murmu, T. and Pradhan, S.C. (2009b), "Thermo-mechanical vibration of a single-walled carbon nanotube embedded in an elastic medium based on nonlocal elasticity theory", Comput. Mater. Sci., 46(4), 854-859.   DOI
48 Mustapha, K.B. and Zhong, Z.W. (2010a), "The thermo-mechanical vibration of a single-walled carbon nanotube studied using the Bubnov-Galerkin method", Physica E., 43(1), 375-381.   DOI
49 Mustapha, K.B. and Zhong, Z.W. (2010b), "Free transverse vibration of an axially loaded non-prismatic single-walled carbon nanotube embedded in a two-parameter elastic medium", Comput. Mater. Sci., 50(2), 742-751.   DOI
50 Naceri, M., Zidour, M., Semmah, A., Houari, M.S.A., Benzair, A. and Tounsi, A. (2011), "Sound wave propagation in armchair single walled carbon nanotubes under thermal environment", J. Appl. Phys., 110, 124322.   DOI   ScienceOn
51 Pijaudier-Cabot, G. and Bazant, Z. (1987), "Nonlocal damage theory", ASCE J. Eng. Mech., 113(10), 1512-1533.   DOI
52 Narendar, S. and Gopalakrishnan, S. (2011a), "Critical buckling temperature of single-walled carbon nanotubes embedded in a one-parameter elastic medium based on nonlocal continuum mechanics", Physica E, 43(6), 1185-1191.   DOI
53 Narendar, S. and Gopalakrishnan, S. (2011b), "Nonlocal wave propagation in rotating nanotube", Results Phys., 1(1), 17-25.   DOI
54 Peddieson, J., Buchanan, G.R. and McNitt, R.P. (2003), "Application of nonlocal continuum models to nanotechnology", Int. J. Eng. Sci., 41(3-5), 305-312.   DOI
55 Reddy, J.N. (1984), "A simple higher-order theory for laminated composite plates", ASME J. Appl. Mech., 51(4), 745-752.   DOI
56 Reddy, J.N. (2007), "Nonlocal theories for bending, buckling and vibration of beams", Int. J. Eng. Sci., 45(2-8), 288.   DOI
57 Reddy, J.N. and Pang, S.D. (2008), "Nonlocal continuum theories of beams for the analysis of carbon nanotubes", J. Appl. Phys., 103, 023511.   DOI
58 Roque, C.M.C., Ferreira, A.J.M. and Reddy, J.N. (2011), "Analysis of Timoshenko nanobeams with a nonlocal formulation and meshless method", Int. J. Eng. Sci., 49(9), 976-984.   DOI
59 Saidi, H., Houari, M.S.A., Tounsi, A. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2013), "Thermo-mechanical bending response with stretching effect of functionally graded sandwich plates using a novel shear deformation theory", Steel Compos. Struct., Int. J., 15, 221-245.   DOI   ScienceOn
60 Sallai, B.O., Tounsi, A., Mechab, I., Bachir Bouiadjra, M., Meradjah, M. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2009), "A theoretical analysis of flexional bending of Al/Al2O3 S-FGM thick beams", Comput. Mater. Sci., 44(4), 1344-1350.   DOI
61 Tounsi, A., Heireche, H., Berrabah, H.M., Benzair, A. and Boumia, L. (2008), "Effect of small size on wave propagation in double-walled carbon nanotubes under temperature field", J. Appl. Phys., 104, 104301.   DOI
62 Semmah, A., Tounsi, A., Zidour, M., Heireche, H. and Naceri, M. (2014), "Effect of chirality on critical buckling temperature of a zigzag single-walled carbon nanotubes using nonlocal continuum theory", Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures, 23(6), 518-522.   DOI
63 Song, J., Shen, J. and Li, X.F. (2010), "Effects of initial axial stress on waves propagating in carbon nanotubes using a generalized nonlocal model", Comput. Mater. Sci., 49(3), 518-523.   DOI
64 Simsek, M. and Yurtcu, H.H. (2013), "Analytical solutions for bending and buckling of functionally graded nanobeams based on the nonlocal Timoshenko beam theory", Compos. Struct., 97, 378-386.   DOI
65 Tounsi, A, Semmah, A. and Bousahla, A.A. (2013a), "Thermal buckling behavior of nanobeams using an efficient higher-order nonlocal beam theory", ASCE J. Nanomech. Micromech., 3(3), 37-42.   DOI
66 Tounsi, A., Benguediab, S., Adda Bedia, E.A., Semmah, A. and Zidour, M. (2013b), "Nonlocal effects on thermal buckling properties of double-walled carbon nanotubes", Adv. Nano Res., Int. J., 1(1), 1-11.   DOI   ScienceOn
67 Tounsi, A., Houari, M.S.A., Benyoucef, S. and Adda Bedia, E.A. (2013c), "A refined trigonometric shear deformation theory for thermoelastic bending of functionally graded sandwich plates", Aerosp. Sci. Technol., 24(1), 209-220.   DOI
68 Wang, Q. (2005), "Wave propagation in carbon nanotubes via nonlocal continuum mechanics", J. Appl. Phys., 98, 124301.   DOI
69 Wang, Q., Varadan, V.K. and Quek, S.T. (2006), "Small scale effect on elastic buckling of carbon nanotubes with nonlocal continuum models", Phys Lett A, 357(2), 130-135.   DOI
70 Wang, Q. and Liew, K.M. (2007), "Application of nonlocal continuum mechanics to static analysis of micro- and nano-structures", Phys Lett A, 363(3), 236-242.   DOI
71 Yaghoobi, H. and Fereidoon, A. (2014), "Mechanical and thermal buckling analysis of functionally graded plates resting on elastic foundations: An assessment of a simple refined nth-order shear deformation theory", Compos.: Part B, 62, 54-64.   DOI
72 Yaghoobi, H. and Torabi, M. (2013a), "Post-buckling and nonlinear free vibration analysis of geometrically imperfect functionally graded beams resting on nonlinear elastic foundation", Appl. Math. Model., 37(18-19), 8324-8340.   DOI
73 Yaghoobi, H. and Torabi, M. (2013b), "Exact solution for thermal buckling of functionally graded plates resting on elastic foundations with various boundary conditions", J. Therm. Stresses, 36(9), 869-894.   DOI
74 Yaghoobi, H. and Yaghoobi, P. (2013), "Buckling analysis of sandwich plates with FGM face sheets resting on elastic foundation with various boundary conditions: An analytical approach", Meccanica, 48(8), 2019-2035.   DOI   ScienceOn
75 Yang, F., Chong, A.C.M., Lam, D.C.C. and Tong, P. (2002), "Couple stress based strain gradient theory for elasticity", Int. J. Solids Struct., 39(10), 2731-2743.   DOI
76 Yoon, J., Ru, C.Q. and Mioduchowski, A. (2003), "Vibration of an embedded multiwall carbon nanotube", Compos. Sci. Technol., 63(11), 1533-1542.   DOI
77 Zhang, Y.Q., Liu, G.R. and Wang, J.S. (2004), "Small-scale effects on buckling of multiwalled carbon nanotubes under axial compression", Phys. Rev. B., 70, 205430.   DOI   ScienceOn
78 Zhang, Y.Q., Liu, G.R. and Han, X. (2006), "Effect of small length scale on elastic buckling of multi-walled carbon nanotubes under radial pressure", Phys. Lett. A, 349(5), 370-376.   DOI
79 Zhang, Y., Liu, G. and Han, X. (2005a), "Transverse vibrations of double-walled carbon nanotubes under compressive axial load", Phys. Lett. A., 340(1-4), 258-66.   DOI   ScienceOn
80 Zhang, Y.Q., Liu, G.R. and Xie, X.Y. (2005b), "Free transverse vibrations of double-walled carbon nanotubes using a theory of nonlocal elasticity", Phys. Rev. B., 71, 195404.   DOI   ScienceOn
81 Zidi, M., Tounsi, A., Houari, M.S.A., Adda Bedia, E.A. and Anwar Beg, O. (2014), "Bending analysis of FGM plates under hygro-thermo-mechanical loading using a four variable refined plate theory", Aerosp. Sci. Technol., 34, 24-34.   DOI
82 Zidour, M., Benrahou, K.H., Semmah, A., Naceri, M., Belhadj, H.A., Bakhti, K. and Tounsi, A. (2012), "The thermal effect on vibration of zigzag single walled carbon nanotubes using nonlocal Timoshenko beam theory", Comput. Mater. Sci., 51(1), 252-260.   DOI   ScienceOn
83 Zidour, M., Daouadji, T.H., Benrahou, K.H., Tounsi, A., Adda Bedia, E.A. and Hadji, L. (2014), "Buckling analysis of chiral single-walled carbon nanotubes by using the nonlocal Timoshenko beam theory", Mech. Compos. Mater., 50(1), 95-104.   DOI