Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/cac.2021.28.4.415

Interaction between a hole and a crack in different layouts: Experimental and numerical study on concrete  

Sarfaraz, Vahab (Department of Mining Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology)
Abharian, Soheil (Department of Mining and metallurgical engineering Amirkabir University)
Babanouri, Nima (Department of Mining Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology)
rad, Hossein Salari (Department of Mining and metallurgical engineering Amirkabir University)
Publication Information
Computers and Concrete / v.28, no.4, 2021 , pp. 415-432 More about this Journal
Abstract
The micromechanical interactions between a crack and a circular hole under uniaxial compression were studied. Concrete samples with a dimension of 150 mm×150 mm×50 mm were prepared. Within the specimen, one joint and one hole were provided. The joint lengths were 1.5 cm and the hole diameter was 2 cm. The hole was situated middle of the sample. The Joint was situated in four different diagonal plane angle related to the hole. Diagonal plane angles were 0, 30, 60, and 90 degrees. In each diagonal plane angle, the joint angle changes from 0° to 90° with increments of 30°. The distance between the joint notch and the hole wall was 2 cm. A total of 16 different models were tested under compressive loading. Concurrent with experimental tests, the models containing the hole and joint were tested numerically by two-dimensional particle flow code (PFC2D). Tensile strength of material was 1 MPa. The axial load rate on the model was 0.05 mm/min. The results show that the failure behaviors of rock samples containing the hole and joint were governed by the configuration of the joint. The uniaxial compressive strengths of the samples were controlled by the scheme of crack propagation and failure process of pre-existing discontinuities. Furthermore, it was shown that the behavior of discontinuities is dictated by the frequency of the tensile fractures which increased as the joint angle was increased in each diagonal plane. Along with the damage failure of the samples, the AE activities are excited. At the beginning of loading, just a small number of AE hits were observed, however, AE hits quickly increase until the applied stress reaches its peak. AE hits rapidly grow before the applied stress reached its peak. Moreover, any stress reduction was followed by many AE hits. Finally, both the laboratory testing and the numerical simulation have identical failure patterns and failure strengths. The current study demonstrates the application and privilege of the application of the bonded-particle model to simulate crack propagation between a hole and a crack.
Keywords
joint; PFC2D; tensile crack; the hole;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Lin, Q., Cao, P., Liu, Y., Cao, R. and Li, J. (2021), "Mechanical behaviour of a jointed rock mass with a circular hole under compression-shear loading: Experimental and numerical studies", Theo. Appl. Fract. Mech., 114, 102998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2021.102998.   DOI
2 Potyondy, D.O. (2015), "The bonded-particle model as a tool for rock mechanics research and application: Current trends and future directions", Geosyst. Eng., 18(1), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2014.998346.   DOI
3 Xie, B., Guo, J.J. and Xia, X. (2012), "Influence of loading rate on uniaxial compression test of rock specimen with random joints", Adv. Mater. Res., 396, 217-220. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.396-398.217.   DOI
4 Sarfarazi, V. and Haeri, H. (2016), "Effect of number and configuration of bridges on shear properties of sliding surface", J. Min. Sci., 52(2), 245-257. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062739116020370.   DOI
5 Sarfarazi, V., Faridi, H.R. and Wulf Schubert, H.H. (2015), "A new approach for measurement of anisotropic tensile strength of concrete", Adv. Concrete Constr., 3(4), 269. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2015.3.4.269.   DOI
6 Sarfarazi, V., Ghazvinian, A., Schubert, W., Blumel, M. and Nejati, H.R. (2014), "Numerical simulation of the process of fracture of Echelon rock joints", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 47(4), 1355-1371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-013-0450-3.   DOI
7 Sarfarazi, V., Haeri, H. and Khaloo, A. (2016), "The effect of non-persistent joints on sliding direction of rock slopes", Comput. Concrete, 17(6), 723-737. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2016.17.6.723.   DOI
8 Wong, L.N.Y. and Einstein, H.H. (2009), "Crack coalescence in molded gypsum and Carrara marble: Part 1. Macroscopic observations and interpretation", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 42(3), 475-511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-008-0002-4.   DOI
9 Yaylaci M. and Birinci A. (2015), "Analytical solution of a contact problem and comparison with the results from FEM", Struct. Eng. Mech., 54(4), 607-622. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2015.54.4.607.   DOI
10 Wong, L.N.Y. and Einstein, H.H. (2009b), "Systematic evaluation of cracking behavior in specimens containing single flaws under uniaxial compression", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 46(2), 239-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2008.03.006.   DOI
11 Badnava, H., Msekh, M.A., Etemadi, E. and Rabczuk, T. (2018), "An adaptive thermo-mechanical phase field model for fracture", Finite Elem. Anal. Des., 138, 31-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2017.09.003.   DOI
12 Zou, C. and Wong, L.N.Y. (2016), "Different compressive and tensile strength of moulded gypsum under various strain rates from quasistatic to dynamic regime", Geotech. Test. J., 39(4), 596-607. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ20150174.   DOI
13 Msekh, M.A., Cuong, N.H., Zi, G., Areias, P., Zhuang, X. and Rabczuk, T. (2017), "Fracture properties prediction of clay/epoxy nanocomposites with interphase zones using a phase field model", Eng. Fract. Mech., 188, 287-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2017.08.002.   DOI
14 Chen, L., Rabczuk, T., Bordas, S.P.A., Liu, G.R., Zeng, K.Y. and Kerfriden, P. (2012), "Extended finite element method with edge-based strain smoothing (ESm-XFEM) for linear elastic crack growth", Comput. Method. Appl. Mech. Eng., 209, 250-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2011.08.013.   DOI
15 Chau-Dinh, T., Zi, G., Lee, P.S., Rabczuk, T. and Song, J.H. (2012), "Phantom-node method for shell models with arbitrary cracks", Comput. Struct., 92, 242-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2011.10.021.   DOI
16 Adiyaman, G., Birinci, A., O ner, E. and Yaylaci, M. (2016), "A receding contact problem between a functionally graded layer and two homogeneous quarter planes", Acta Mech., 227(3), 1753-1766. htttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-016-1580-y.   DOI
17 Amiri, F., Anitescu, C., Arroyo, M., Bordas, S. and Rabczuk, T. (2014), "XLME interpolants, a seamless bridge between XFEM and enriched meshless methods", Comput. Mech., 53(1), 45-57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00466-013-0891-2.   DOI
18 Amiri, F., Milan, D., Shen, Y., Rabczuk, T. and Arroyo, M. (2014), "Phasefield modeling of fracture in linear thin shells", Theo. Appl. Fract. Mech., 69, 102-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2013.12.002.   DOI
19 Zhuang, X., Zhu, H. and Augarde, C. (2014), "An improved meshless Shepard and least squares method possessing the delta property and requiring no singular weight function", Comput. Mech., 53(2), 343-357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00466-013-0912-1.   DOI
20 Areias, P., Rabczuk, T. and Msekh, M.A. (2016), "Phase-field analysis of finite-strain plates and shells including element subdivision", Comput. Method. Appl. Mech. Eng., 312, 322-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2016.01.020.   DOI
21 Bek, Y.K., Hamdia, K.M., Rabczuk, T. and Konke, C. (2018), "Micromechanical model for polymeric nano-composites material based on SBFEM", Compos. Struct., 194, 516-526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.03.064.   DOI
22 Carter, B.J., Lajtai, E.Z. and Petukhov, A. (1991), "Primary and remote fracture around underground cavities", Int. J. Numer. Analy. Method. Geomech., 15(1), 21-40. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610150103.   DOI
23 Zhou, S., Zhu, H., Ju, J.W., Yan, Z. and Chen, Q. (2017), "Modeling microcapsule-enabled self-healing cementitious composite materials using discrete element method", Int. J. Damag. Mech., 26(2), 340-357. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056789516688835.   DOI
24 Zhang, Q., Wang, X., Tian, L.G. and Huang, D.M. (2018), "Analysis of mechanical and acoustic emission characteristics of rock materials with double-hole defects based on particle flow code", Shock Vib., 2018, Article ID 7065029. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7065029.   DOI
25 Zhang, Q.B. and Zhao, J. (2013), "Effect of loading rate on fracture toughness and failure micromechanisms in marble", Eng. Fract. Mech., 102, 288-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2013.02.009.   DOI
26 Zhang, X.P. and Wong, L.N.Y. (2013a), "Crack initiation, propagation and coalescence in rock-like material containing two flaws: A numerical study based on bonded-particle model approach", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 46(5), 1001-1021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-012-0323-1.   DOI
27 Perras, M.A. and Diederichs, M.S. (2014), "A review of the tensile strength of rock: Concepts and testing", Geotech. Geologi. Eng., 32(2), 525-546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-014-9732-0.   DOI
28 Zhou, S., Zhu, H., Yan, Z., Ju, J.W. and Zhang, L. (2016), "A micromechanical study of the breakage mechanism of microcapsules in concrete using PFC2D", Constr. Build. Mater., 115, 452-463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.067.   DOI
29 Lin, Q., Cao, P., Meng, J., Cao, R. and Zhao, Z. (2020), "Strength and failure characteristics of jointed rock mass with double circular holes under uniaxial compression: Insights from discrete element method modelling", Theo. Appl. Fract. Mech., 109, 102692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2020.102692.   DOI
30 Ma, T., Zhang, Y., Zhang, D., Yan, J. and Ye, Q. (2016), "Influences by air voids on fatigue life of asphalt mixture based on discrete element method", Constr. Build. Mater., 126, 785-799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.09.045.   DOI
31 Potyondy, D.O. (2012), "A flat-jointed bonded-particle material for hard rock", 46th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium, Chicago, June.
32 Potyondy, D.O. (2017), "Simulating perforation damage with a flat-jointed bonded-particle material", 51st US Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium, San Francisco, June.
33 Potyondy, D.O. and Cundall, P.A. (2004), "A bonded-particle model for rock", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 41, 1329-1364.   DOI
34 Ren, H., Zhuang, X. and Rabczuk, T. (2017), "Dual-horizon peridynamics: A stable solution to varying horizons", Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng., 318, 762-782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2016.12.031.   DOI
35 Ren, H., Zhuang, X., Cai, Y. and Rabczuk, T. (2016), "Dual-Horizon peridynamics", Int. J. Numer. Method. Eng., 108(12), 1451-1476. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.5257.   DOI
36 Zhuang, X. and Zhou, S. (2018), "Molecular dynamics study of an amorphous polyethylene/silica interface with shear tests", Mater., 11(6), 929. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11060929.   DOI
37 Yaylaci, M., O ner, E., Birinci, A. (2014), "Comparison between analytical and ansys calculations for a receding contact problem", J. Eng. Mech., 140(9), 04014070. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000781.   DOI
38 Zhang, X.P. and Wong, L.N.Y. (2012), "Cracking processes in rock-like material containing a single flaw under uniaxial compression: A numerical study based on parallel bonded-particle model approach", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 45(5), 711-737. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-011-0176-z.   DOI
39 Yaylaci, M., Eyuboglu, A., Adiyaman, G., Uzun Yaylaci, E., O ner, E. and Birinci, A. (2021a), "Assessment of different solution methods for receding contact problems in functionally graded layered mediums", Mech. Mater., 154, 103730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2020.103730.   DOI
40 Zhang, X.P. and Wong, L.N.Y. (2013b), "Loading rate effects on cracking behavior of flaw-contained specimens under uniaxial compression", Int. J. Fract., 180(1), 93-110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-012-9803-2.   DOI
41 Yaylaci, M., Yayli, M., Uzun Yaylaci, E., O lmez, H. and Birinci, A. (2021), "Analyzing the contact problem of a functionally graded layer resting on an elastic half plane with theory of elasticity, finite element method and multilayer perceptron", Struct. Eng. Mech., 78(5), 585-597. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2021.78.5.585.   DOI
42 Zhang, X. (2020), "Evaluation of structural safety reduction due to water penetration into a major structural crack in a large concrete project", Smart Struct. Syst., 26(3), 319-329. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2020.26.3.319.   DOI
43 Ghazvinian, A., Sarfarazi, V., Schubert, W. and Blumel, M. (2012), "A study of the failure mechanism of planar non-persistent open joints using PFC2D", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 45(5), 677-693. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-012-0233-2.   DOI
44 Hamdia, K.M., Silani, M., Zhuang, X., He, P. and Rabczuk, T. (2017), "Stochastic analysis of the fracture toughness of polymeric nanoparticle composites using polynomial chaos expansions", Int. J. Fract., 206(2), 215-227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-017-0210-6.   DOI
45 Lee, H. and Jeon, S. (2011), "An experimental and numerical study of fracture coalescence in pre-cracked specimens under uniaxial compression", Int. J. Sol. Struct., 48(6), 979-999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2010.12.001.   DOI
46 Lin, Q., Cao, P., Wen, G., Meng, J., Cao, R. and Zhao, Z. (2021), "Crack coalescence in rock-like specimens with two dissimilar layers and pre-existing double parallel joints under uniaxial compression", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 139, 104621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2021.104621.   DOI
47 Zhuang, X., Cai, Y. and Augarde, C. (2014), "A meshless sub-region radial point interpolation method for accurate calculation of crack tip fields", Theo. Appl. Fract. Mech., 69, 118-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2013.12.003.   DOI
48 Nguyen-Thanh, N., Valizadeh, N., Nguyen, M.N., Nguyen-Xuan, H., Zhuang, X., Areias, P. and Rabczuk, T. (2015), "An extended iso geometric thin shell analysis based on Kirchhoff-Love theory", Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng., 284, 265-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2014.08.025.   DOI
49 Shemirani, A.B., Amini, M.S., Sarfarazi, V., Shahriar, K., Moarefvand, P. and Haeri, H. (2021), "Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of bridge area and its angularities on the failure mechanism of non-persistent crack in concrete-like materials", Smart Struct. Syst., 27(3), 479-492. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2021.27.3.479.   DOI
50 Wu, S. and Xu, X. (2016), "A study of three intrinsic problems of the classic discrete element method using flat-joint model", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 49(5), 1813-1830. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-015-0890-z.   DOI
51 Kranz, R.L. (1979), "Crack-crack and crack-pore interactions in stressed granite", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 16(1), 37-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(79)90773-3.   DOI
52 Lin, Q., Cao, P., Mao, S., Ou, C. and Cao, R. (2020), "Fatigue behaviour and constitutive model of yellow sandstone containing pre-existing surface crack under uniaxial cyclic loading", Theo. Appl. Fract. Mech., 109, 102776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2020.102776.   DOI
53 Dai, F., Xia, K., Zheng, H. and Wang, Y.X. (2011), "Determination of dynamic rock mode-I fracture parameters using cracked chevron notched semi-circular bend specimen. Engineering fracture mechanics", Eng. Fract. Mech., 78(15), 2633-2644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2011.06.022.   DOI
54 Euser, B., Rougier, E., Lei, Z., Knight, E.E., Frash, L.P., Carey, J. W. and Munjiza, A. (2019), "Simulation of fracture coalescence in granite via the combined finite-discrete element method", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 52(9), 3213-3227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-019-01773-0.   DOI
55 Ghorashi, S.S., Valizadeh, N., Mohammadi, S. and Rabczuk, T. (2015), "Tspline based XIGA for fracture analysis of orthotropic media", Comput. Struct., 147, 138-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2014.09.017.   DOI
56 Nguyen-Xuan, H., Liu, G.R., Bordas, S., Natarajan, S. and Rabczuk, T. (2013), "An adaptive singular ES-FEM for mechanics problems with singular field of arbitrary order", Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng., 253, 252-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2012.07.017.   DOI
57 Yaylaci, M. and Avcar, M. (2020), "Finite element modeling of contact between an elastic layer and two elastic quarter planes", Comput. Concrete, 26(2), 107-114. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2020.26.2.107.   DOI
58 Yaylaci, M. and Birinci A. (2013), "The receding contact problem of two elastic layers supported by two elastic quarter planes", Struct. Eng. Mech., 48(2), 241-255. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2013.48.2.241.   DOI
59 Haeri, H. and Sarfarazi, V. (2019), "Experimental and numerical studies of the pre-existing cracks and pores interaction in concrete specimens under compression", Smart Struct. Syst., 23(5), 479-493. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2019.23.5.479.   DOI
60 Itasca (2004), PFC2D, Version 3.1. Minneapolis.
61 Yaylaci, E.U., Yaylaci, M., Olmez, H. and Birinci, A. (2020), "Artificial neural network calculations for a receding contact problem", Comput. Concrete, 25(6), 551-563. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2020.25.6.551.   DOI
62 Yaylaci, M., Terzi, C. and Avcar, M. (2019), "Numerical analysis of the receding contact problem of two bonded layers resting on an elastic half plane", Struct. Eng. Mech., 72(6), 775-783. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2019.72.6.000.   DOI
63 Lee, H.K. and Ju, J.W. (2007), "A three-dimensional stress analysis of a penny-shaped crack interacting with a spherical inclusion", Int. J. Damag. Mech., 16(3), 331-359. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056789506067934.   DOI
64 Lin, Q., Cao, P., Cao, R., Lin, H. and Meng, J. (2020), "Mechanical behavior around double circular openings in a jointed rock mass under uniaxial compression", Arch. Civil Mech. Eng., 20(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43452-020-00027-z.   DOI