Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/cac.2021.27.6.537

Hysteretic moment-curvature relations for the analysis of RC flexural members subjected to blast loading  

Park, Gang-Kyu (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korean Advanced Institute for Science and Technology)
Kwak, Hyo-Gyoung (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korean Advanced Institute for Science and Technology)
Filippou, Filip C. (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California)
Publication Information
Computers and Concrete / v.27, no.6, 2021 , pp. 537-548 More about this Journal
Abstract
A hysteretic moment-curvature relation for analyzing reinforced concrete (RC) members subjected to blast loading is introduced in this paper. After constructing a monotonic envelope curve for the moment-curvature relation, the hysteretic behaviors of unloading and reloading are defined based on the hysteretic curve of steel. The use of the moment-curvature relation in the blast analysis becomes possible by introducing a dynamic increase factor (DIF), which is defined in terms of the curvature rate. This makes it possible to analyze RC structures composed of many bending structural members. In addition to defining a basic hysteretic moment-curvature relation, additional influencing factors such as the bond-slip effect and direct shear behavior, which are expected to affect the structural responses, are taken into consideration for an exact simulation of the nonlinear dynamic response of RC flexural members. The validity of the introduced hysteretic moment-curvature relation is established by correlation studies between the analytical results and experimental data experiencing repeated unloading and reloading phases. The obtained numerical results also show the importance of the bond-slip effect and the hysteretic behavior on the structural response of RC flexural members subjected to blast loading.
Keywords
blast loading; dynamic increase factor; bond-slip; cyclic moment-curvature relationship; direct shear behavior;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Park, G.K., Kwak, H.G. and Filippou, F.C. (2017), "Blast analysis of RC beams based on moment-curvature relationship considering fixed-end rotation", J. Struct. Eng., 143(9), 04017104. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001837.   DOI
2 Park, G.K., Kwak, H.G. and Filippou, F.C. (2018), "Evaluation of nonlinear behavior and resisting capacity of reinforced concrete columns subjected to blast loads", Eng. Fail. Anal., 93, 268-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2018.07.024.   DOI
3 Qu, Y., Li, X., Kong, X., Zhang, W. and Wang, X. (2016), "Numerical simulation on dynamic behavior of reinforced concrete beam with initial cracks subjected to air blast loading", Eng. Struct., 128, 96-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.09.032.   DOI
4 Saatcioglu, M., Lloyd, A., Jacques, E., Braimah, A. and Doudak, G. (2011), "Focused research for development of a CSA standard on design and assessment of buildings subjected to blast loads", Interim Report Submitted to Public Works and Government Services Canada, Hazard Mitigation and Disaster Management Research Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
5 Scott, B.D., Park, R. and Priestley, M.J.N. (1982), "Stress-strain behavior of concrete confined by overlapping hoops at low and high strain rates", ACI J. Proc., 79(1), 13-27.
6 Shi, Y., Hao, H. and Li, Z.X. (2008), "Numerical derivation of pressure-impulse diagrams for prediction of RC column damage to blast loads", Int. J. Impact Eng., 35(11), 1213-1227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2007.09.001   DOI
7 Solomos, G. and Berra, M. (2010), "Rebar pullout testing under dynamic Hopkinson bar induced impulsive loading", Mater. Struct./Materiaux et Constructions, 43(1-2), 247-260. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-009-9485-z.   DOI
8 Xu, J., Wu, C. and Li, Z.X. (2014), "Analysis of direct shear failure mode for RC slabs under external explosive loading", Int. J. Impact Eng., 69, 136-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2014.02.018.   DOI
9 Jacques, E., Lloyd, A., Imbeau, P., Palermo, D. and Quek, J. (2015), "GFRP-retrofitted reinforced concrete columns subjected to simulated blast loading", J. Struct. Eng., 141(11), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001251.   DOI
10 Jones, J., Wu, C., Oehlers, D.J., Whittaker, A.S., Sun, W., Marks, S. and Coppola, R. (2009), "Finite difference analysis of simply supported RC slabs for blast loadings", Eng. Struct., 31(12), 2825-2832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.07.011.   DOI
11 Krauthammer, T. and Astarlioglu, S. (2017), "Direct shear resistance models for simulating buried RC roof slabs under airblast-induced ground shock", Eng. Struct., 140, 308-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.02.056.   DOI
12 Krauthammer, T., Shanaa, H.M. and Assadi, A. (1990), "Response of reinforced concrete elements to severe impulsive loads", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 116(4), 1061-1079. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1990)116:4(1061).   DOI
13 Lloyd, A.E.W. (2015). "Blast retrofit of reinforced concrete columns", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Ottawa.
14 ACI Committee 318 (2008), Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary, 28, 0-15.
15 Al-Zaid, R.Z., Al-Negheimish, A.I., Al-Saawani, M.A. and El-Sayed, A.K. (2012), "Analytical study on RC beams strengthened for flexure with externally bonded FRP reinforcement", Compos. Part B: Eng., 43(2), 129-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.11.015.   DOI
16 Astarlioglu, S. and Krauthammer, T. (2014), "Response of normal-strength and ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete columns to idealized blast loads", Eng. Struct., 61, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.01.015.   DOI
17 Astarlioglu, S., Krauthammer, T., Morency, D. and Tran, T.P. (2013), "Behavior of reinforced concrete columns under combined effects of axial and blast-induced transverse loads", Eng. Struct., 55, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.12.040.   DOI
18 Biggs, J.M. (1964), Introduction to Structural Dynamics, Vol. 3, McGraw-Hill, New York.
19 Cadoni, E., Solomos, G. and Albertini, C. (2009), "Mechanical characterisation of concrete in tension and compression at high strain rate using a modified Hopkinson bar", Mag. Concrete Res., 61(3), 221-230. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.2006.00035.   DOI
20 Cusatis, G. (2011), "Strain-rate effects on concrete behavior", Int. J. Impact Eng., 38(4), 162-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2010.10.030.   DOI
21 Kwak, H.G. and Filippou, F.C. (1990), "Finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structures under monotonic loads. In Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Materials", Department of Civil Engineering, University of California Berkeley, CA.
22 Kwak, H.G. and Gang, H.G. (2015), "An improved criterion to minimize FE mesh-dependency in concrete structures under high strain rate conditions", Int. J. Impact Eng., 86, 84-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2015.07.008.   DOI
23 Kwak, H.G. and Kim, S.P. (2001), "Nonlinear analysis of RC beam subject to cyclic loading", J. Struct. Eng., 127(12), 1436-1444.   DOI
24 Lakshmi, B. and Shanmugam, N.E. (2002), "Nonlinear analysis of in-filled steel-concrete composite columns", J. Struct. Eng., 128(7), 922-933. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:7(922).   DOI
25 Low, H.Y. and Hao, H. (2002), "Reliability analysis of direct shear and flexural failure modes of RC slabs under explosive loading", Eng. Struct., 24(2), 189-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(01)00087-6.   DOI
26 O.Hallquist, J. (2007), LS-DYNA Keyword User's Manual.
27 Park, R. and Paulay, T. (1975), Reinforced Concrete Structures, A Wiley-Interscience Publication.
28 Carta, G. and Stochino, F. (2013), "Theoretical models to predict the flexural failure of reinforced concrete beams under blast loads", Eng. Struct., 49, 306-315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.11.008.   DOI
29 Dragos, J. and Wu, C. (2014), "Interaction between direct shear and flexural responses for blast loaded one-way reinforced concrete slabs using a finite element model", Eng. Struct., 72, 193-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.04.043.   DOI
30 Sawyer, H.A. (1964), "Design of concrete frames for two failure stages", ACI Spec. Publ., 12, 405-437.
31 Silva, P.F. and Lu, B. (2009), "Blast resistance capacity of reinforced concrete slabs", J. Struct. Eng., 135(6), 708-716.   DOI
32 Wu, Y., Crawford, J.E. and Magallanes, J.M. (2012), "Performance of LS-DYNA concrete constitutive models", 12th International LS-DYNA Users Conference, 1, 1-14.
33 Gergely, P. and Lutz, L.A. (1968), "Maximum crack width in reinforced concrete flexural members", ACI Spec. Publ., 20, 87-117.
34 Jacques, E. (2011), "Blast retrofit of reinforced concrete walls and slabs", Master Thesis, University of Ottawa, Canada.
35 Gang, H.G. and Kwak, H.G. (2017), "A strain rate dependent orthotropic concrete material model", Int. J. Impact Eng., 103, 211-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2017.01.027.   DOI
36 Magnusson, J. and Hallgren, M. (2000), "High performance concrete beams subjected to shock waves from air blast", Swedish Defence Research Agency.
37 Hawkins, N.M. (1974), "The strength of stud shear connections", Civil Eng. Tran., 39-45.
38 Kwak, H.G. and Hwang, J.W. (2010), "FE model to simulate bond-slip behavior in composite concrete eam bridges", Comput. Struct., 88(17-18), 973-984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2010.05.005.   DOI
39 Kwak, H.G. and Kim, J.K. (2006), "Implementation of bond-slip effect in analyses of RC frames under cyclic loads using layered section method", Eng. Struct., 28(12), 1715-1727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.03.003.   DOI
40 Kwak, H.G. and Kim, S.P. (2002), "Nonlinear analysis of RC beams based on moment-curvature relation", Comput. Struct., 80, 615-628.   DOI
41 Krauthammer, T., Bazeos, N. and Holmquist, T.J. (1986), "Modified SDOF analysis of RC box-type structures", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 112(4), 726-744. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1986)112:4(726).   DOI
42 Haido, J.H., Bakar, B.H.A., Abdul-razzak, A.A. and Jayaprakash, J. (2010), "Dynamic response simulation for reinforced concrete slabs", Simul. Model. Pract. Theory, 18(6), 696-711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2010.01.011.   DOI
43 Burrell, R.P., Aoude, H. and Saatcioglu, M. (2014), "Response of SFRC columns under blast loads", J. Struct. Eng., 141(9), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001186.   DOI
44 Chopra, A.K. (1995), Dynamics of Structures, Vol. 3, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
45 Fujikake, K., Li, B. and Soeun, S. (2009), "Impact response of reinforced concrete beam and its analytical evaluation", J. Struct. Eng., 135(8), 938-950.   DOI
46 Kwak, H.G., Kim, S.P. and Kim, J.E. (2004), "Nonlinear dynamic analysis of RC frames using cyclic moment-curvature relation", Struct. Eng. Mech., 17(3_4), 357-378. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2004.17.3_4.357.   DOI
47 Li, J. and Hao, H. (2013), "Influence of brittle shear damage on accuracy of the two-step method in prediction of structural response to blast loads", Int. J. Impact Eng., 54, 217-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2012.11.008.   DOI
48 Menegotto, M. and Pinto, P.E. (1973), "Method of analysis for cyclically loaded R.C. Plane frames including changes in geometry and non-elastic behavior of elements under combined normal force and bending", Proceedings of IABSE Symposium on Resistance and Ultimate Deformability of Structures Acted on by Well Defined Loads, 15-22. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.5169/seals-13741.   DOI
49 Taucer, F.F., Spacone, E. and Filippou, F.C. (1991), "A fiber beamcolumn element for seismic response analysis of reinforced concrete structures", Earthquake Engineering Research Center.