Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2021.80.6.645

Performance-based reliability assessment of RC shear walls using stochastic FE analysis  

Nosoudi, Arina (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kurdistan)
Dabbagh, Hooshang (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kurdistan)
Yazdani, Azad (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kurdistan)
Publication Information
Structural Engineering and Mechanics / v.80, no.6, 2021 , pp. 645-655 More about this Journal
Abstract
Performance-based reliability analysis is a practical approach to investigate the seismic performance and stochastic nonlinear response of structures considering a random process. This is significant due to the uncertainties involved in every aspect of the analysis. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the performance-based reliability within a stochastic finite element (FE) framework for reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls that are considered as one of the most essential elements of structures. To accomplish this purpose, deterministic FE analyses are conducted for both squat and slender shear walls to validate numerical models through experimental results. The presented numerical analysis is performed by using the ABAQUS FE program. Afterwards, a random-effects investigation is carried out to consider the influence of different random variables on the lateral load-top displacement behavior of RC members. Using these results and through utilizing the Monte-Carlo simulation method, stochastic nonlinear analyses are also performed to generate random FE models based on input parameters and their probabilistic distributions. In order to evaluate the reliability of RC walls, failure probabilities and corresponding reliability indices are calculated at life safety and collapse prevention levels of performance as suggested by FEMA 356. Moreover, based on reliability indices, capacity reduction factors are determined subjected to shear for all specimens that are designed according to the ACI 318 Building Code. Obtained results show that the lateral load and the compressive strength of concrete have the highest effects on load-displacement responses compared to those of other random variables. It is also found that the probability of shear failure for the squat wall is slightly lower than that for slender walls. This implies that 𝛽 values are higher in a non-ductile mode of failure. Besides, the reliability of both squat and slender shear walls does not change significantly in the case of varying capacity reduction factors.
Keywords
capacity reduction factor; Monte-Carlo simulation method; reliability; seismic performance; stochastic FE analysis;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Shinozuka, M. (1972), "Monte Carlo solution of structural dynamics", Comput. Struct., 2(5), 855-874. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(72)90043-0.   DOI
2 Parisi, F. and Augenti, N. (2017), "Structural failure investigations through probabilistic nonlinear finite element analysis: methodology and application", Eng. Fail. Anal., 80, 386-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2017.07.004.   DOI
3 Matthies, H.G., Brenner, C.E., Bucher, C.G. and Soares, C.G. (1997), "Uncertainties in probabilistic numerical analysis of structures and solids-stochastic finite elements", Struct. Saf., 19(3), 283-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4730(97)00013-1.   DOI
4 Simulia, D.S. (2010), ABAQUS Analysis User's Manual, Dassault Syst., Pawtucket, USA.
5 Li, J., Feng, D., Gao, X. and Zhang, Y. (2015), "Stochastic nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete frames", I: Experimental investigation", J. Struct. Eng., 142(3), D4015162. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001442.   DOI
6 Maekawa, K., Okamura, H. and Pimanmas, A. (2003), Non-Linear Mechanics of Reinforced Concrete, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
7 Matos, J.C., Valente I. and Cruz, P.J. (2010), "Uncertainty evaluation of reinforced concrete structures behavior", Proceedings of the 5th International IABMAS Conference, Philadelphia, USA, July.
8 Stefanou, G. (2009), "The stochastic finite element method: past, present and future", Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng., 198(9), 1031-1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2008.11.007.   DOI
9 Stewart, M.G., Foster, S., Ahammed, M. and Sirivivatnanon, V. (2016), "Calibration of Australian Standard AS3600 concrete structures Part II: Reliability indices and changes to capacity reduction factors", Aust. J. Struct. Eng., 17(4), 254-266. https://doi.org/10.1080/13287982.2016.1246215.   DOI
10 Schueller, G.I. (2009), "Efficient Monte-Carlo simulation procedures in structural uncertainty and reliability analysisrecent advances", Struct. Eng. Mech., 32(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2009.32.1.001.   DOI
11 Skrzypczak, I., Slowik, M. and Buda-Ozog, L. (2017), "The application of reliability analysis in engineering practice-reinforced concrete foundation", Procedia Eng., 193, 144-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.06.197.   DOI
12 Vanmarcke, E., Shinozuka, M., Nakagiri, S., Schueller, G.I. and Grigoriu, M. (1986), "Random fields and stochastic finite elements", Struct. Saf., 3(3), 143-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4730(86)90002-0.   DOI
13 Deodatis, G. (1991), "Weighted integral method. I: stochastic stiffness matrix", J. Eng. Mech., 117(8), 1851-1864. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1991)117:8(1851).   DOI
14 Vahedi, J., Ghasemi, M.R. and Miri, M. (2018), "Structural reliability assessment using an enhanced adaptive Kriging method", Struct. Eng. Mech., 66(6), 677-691. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2018.66.6.677.   DOI
15 Xian, J., Su, C. and Guo, H. (2021), "Seismic reliability analysis of energy-dissipation structures by combining probability density evolution method and explicit time-domain method", Struct. Saf., 88, 102010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2020.102010.   DOI
16 Xu, B., Pang, R. and Zhou, Y. (2020), "Verification of stochastic seismic analysis method and seismic performance evaluation based on multi-indices for high CFRDs", Eng. Geol., 264, 105412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105412.   DOI
17 Naess, A. and Bo, H.S. (2018), "Reliability of technical systems estimated by enhanced Monte Carlo simulation", ASCE-ASME J. Risk Uncertain. Eng. Syst. Part A Civil Eng., D4017030.
18 Noh, H.Y., Lallemant, D. and Kiremidjian, A.S. (2015), "Development of empirical and analytical fragility functions using kernel smoothing methods", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 44(8), 1163-1180. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2505.   DOI
19 Cao, R., Sun, Z., Wang, J. and Guo, F. (2021), "An efficient reliability analysis strategy for low failure probability problems", Struct. Eng. Mech., 78(2), 209-218. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2021.78.2.209.   DOI
20 Celarec, D. and Dolsek, M. (2013), "The impact of modelling uncertainties on the seismic performance assessment of reinforced concrete frame buildings", Eng. Struct., 52(3), 340-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.02.036.   DOI
21 Deodatis, G. and Shinozuka, M. (1991), "Weighted integral method. II: Response variability and reliability", J. Eng. Mech., 117(8), 1865-1877. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1991)117:8(1865).   DOI
22 Pang, R., Xu, B., Kong, X., Zou, D. and Zhou, Y. (2018), "Seismic reliability assessment of earth-rockfill dam slopes considering strain-softening of rockfill based on generalized probability density evolution method", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 107, 96-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.01.020.   DOI
23 Naess, A., Leira, B.J. and Batsevych, O. (2012), "Reliability analysis of large structural systems", Probab. Eng. Mech., 28(3), 164-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.probengmech.2011.08.024.   DOI
24 Nowak, A.S. and Collins, K.R. (2012), Reliability of Structures, 2nd Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
25 Pan, H., Li, C. and Tian, L. (2020), "Seismic response and failure analyses of pile-supported transmission towers on layered ground", Struct. Eng. Mech., 76(2), 223-237. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2020.76.2.223.   DOI
26 Schueller, G.I. (1997), "A state-of-the-art report on computational stochastic mechanics", Probab. Eng. Mech., 12(4), 197-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0266-8920(97)00003-9.   DOI
27 Duprat, F. (2007), "Reliability of RC beams under chloride-ingress", Constr. Build. Mater., 21(8), 1605-1616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.08.002.   DOI
28 Thomsen, J.H. and Wallace, J.W. (1995), "Displacement based design of reinforced concrete structural walls: an experimental investigation of walls with rectangular and T-shaped cross-sections", Ph.D. Dissertation, Clarkson University, New York, NY, USA.
29 UBC (1991), Uniform Building Code, International Conference of Building Officials, Whittier, CA.
30 Sakka, Z.I., Assakkaf, I.A. and Qazweeni, J.S. (2018), "Reliability-based assessment of damaged concrete buildings", Struct. Eng. Mech., 65(6), 751-760. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2018.65.6.751.   DOI
31 Choi, B.S., Scanlon, A. and Johnson, P.A. (2004), "Monte-Carlo simulation of immediate and time-dependent deflections of reinforced concrete beams and slabs", Struct. J., 101(5), 633-641.
32 ACI 318 (1989), Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, USA.
33 ACI 318 (2002), Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, USA.
34 ASCE (2002), Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE/SEI 7-02, Reston, VA.
35 fib (2012), fib Bulletins No. 65 & 66, Model Code 2010, Lausanne, Switzerland.
36 Ellingwood, B.R., Galambos, T.V., McGregor, J.G. and Cornell, C.A. (1980), "Development of a probability based load criterion for american national standard A58", NBS Special Report 577, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, USA.
37 FEMA 350 (2000), Recommended Seismic Design Criteria for New Steel Moment-Frame Buildings, American Society of Civil Engineers for the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC.
38 FEMA 356 (2000), Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, American Society of Civil Engineers for the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC.
39 Floris, C. and Mazzucchelli, A. (1991), "Reliability assessment of RC column under stochastic stress", J. Struct. Eng., 117(11), 3274-3292. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1991)117:11(3274).   DOI
40 Ghanem, R. and Spanos, P.D. (2003), Stochastic Finite Elements: A Spectral Approach, Dover Publications, New York, NY, USA.
41 Huang, Y., Hu, H. and Xiong, M. (2019), "Performance-based seismic fragility analysis of retaining walls based on the probability density evolution method", Struct. Infrastr. Eng., 15(1), 103-112. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2018.1520906.   DOI
42 Huh, J., Lee, S.Y. and Haldar, A. (2003), "Reliability evaluation using finite element method", Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Uncertainty Modeling and Analysis (ISUMA'03), Maryland, USA, September.
43 Kleiber, M. and Hien, T.D. (1992), The Stochastic Finite Element Method: Basic Perturbation Technique and Computer Implementation, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA.
44 Kent, D.C. and Park, R. (1971), "Flexural members with confined concrete", J. Struct. Div., 97(7), 1969-1990. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0002957.   DOI
45 Diniz, S.M. and Frangopol, D.M. (2003), "Safety evaluation of slender high-strength concrete columns under sustained loads", Comput. Struct., 81(14), 1475-1486. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7949(03)00085-3.   DOI
46 Farvashany, F.E., Foster, S.J. and Rangan, B.V. (2008), "Strength and deformation of high-strength concrete shearwalls", ACI Struct. J., 105(1), 21-29.
47 Feng, D. and Li, J. (2015), "Stochastic nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete frames. II: Numerical simulation", J. Struct. Eng., 142(3), D4015163. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001443.   DOI
48 Gaxiola-Camacho, J.R., Azizsoltani, H., Villegas-Mercado, F.J. and Haldar, A. (2017), "A novel reliability technique for implementation of performance-based seismic design of structures", Eng. Struct., 142, 137-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.03.076.   DOI
49 Garakaninezhad, A. and Bastami, M. (2019), "An evolutionary approach for structural reliability", Struct. Eng. Mech., 71(4), 329-339. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2019.71.4.329.   DOI
50 Gonen, S. and Soyoz, S. (2021), "Reliability-based seismic performance of masonry arch bridges", Struct. Infrastr. Eng., 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2021.1918726.   DOI
51 Lu, R., Luo, Y. and Conte, J.P. (1994), "Reliability evaluation of reinforced concrete beams", Struct. Saf., 14(4), 277-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4730(94)90016-7.   DOI
52 Nowak, A.S., Szerszen, M.M., Szeliga, E.K., Szwed, A. and Podhorecki, P.J. (2005), "Reliability-based calibration for structural concrete", Univ. Nebraska, UNLCE, 05-03.
53 Noh, H.Y. and Kiremidjian, A.S. (2011), "Damage diagnosis algorithms using statistical pattern recognition for civil structures subjected to earthquakes", Ph.D. Dissertation, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.