Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2018.65.1.081

Evaluation of monotonic and cyclic behaviour of geotextile encased stone columns  

Ardakani, Alireza (Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Imam Khomeini International University)
Gholampoor, Naeem (Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Imam Khomeini International University)
Bayat, Mahdi (Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University)
Bayat, Mahmoud (Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University)
Publication Information
Structural Engineering and Mechanics / v.65, no.1, 2018 , pp. 81-89 More about this Journal
Abstract
Stone column installation is a convenient method for improvement of soft ground. In very soft clays, in order to increase the lateral confinement of the stone columns, encasing the columns with high stiffness and creep resistant geosynthetics has proved to be a successful solution. This paper presents the results of three dimensional finite element analyses for evaluating improvement in behaviour of ordinary stone columns (OSCs) installed in soft clay by geotextile encasement under monotonic and cyclic loading by a comprehensive parametric study. The parameters include length and stiffness of encasement, types of stone columns (floating and end bearing), frictional angle and elastic modulus of stone column's material and diameter of stone columns. The results indicate that increasing the stiffness of encasement clearly enhances cyclic behaviour of geotextile encased stone columns (GESCs) in terms of reduction in residual settlement. Performance of GESCs is less sensitive to internal friction angle and elasticity modulus of column's materials in comparison with OSCs. Also, encasing at the top portion of stone column up to triple the diameter of column is found to be adequate in improving its residual settlement and at all loading cycles, end bearing columns provide much higher resistance than floating columns.
Keywords
stone column; geotextile encasement; cyclic loading; residual settlement; lateral deformation; finite element analyses;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Aboshi, H., Ichimoto, E., Enoki, M. and Harada, K. (1979), "The composer a method to improve the characteristics of soft clays by inclusion of large diameter sand columns", International Conference on Soil Reinforcement, Paris.
2 Alexiew, D., Brokemper, D. and Lothspeich, S. (2005), "Geotextile Encased Columns (GEC): Load Capacity, Geotextile Selection and Pre-Design Graphs", Geo-Frontiers 2005 Congress, Austin, Texas, January.
3 Ambily, A.P. and Gandhi, S.R. (2004), "Experimental and theoretical evaluation of stone column in soft clay", International Conference on Geosynthetics and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Bombay, India.
4 Ambily, A.P. and Gandhi, S.R. (2007), "Behaviour of stone columns based on experimental and FEM analysis", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., ASCE, 133(4), 405-415.   DOI
5 Ardakani, A., Bayat, M. and Javanmard, M. (2014), "Numerical modeling of soil nail walls considering Mohr Coulomb, hardening soil and hardening soil with small-strain stiffness effect models", Geomech. Eng., 6(4), 391-401.   DOI
6 Balasubramaniam, A.S. and Chaudry, A.R. (1978), "Deformation and strength characteristics of soft Bangkok clay", J. Geotech. Eng. Div., 104(9), 1153-1167.
7 Basack, S., Indraratna, B. and Rujikiatkamjorn, C. (2015), "Modeling the performance of stone column-reinforced soft ground under static and cyclic loads", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 142(2), 04015067-1-15.
8 Bergado, D.T., Singh, N., Sim, S.H., Panichayatum, B., Sampaco, C.L. and Balasubramaniam, A.S. (1990), "Improvement of soft Bangkok clay using vertical geotextile band drains compared with granular piles", Geotext. Geomembran., 9(3), 203-231.   DOI
9 Das, B.M. (1941), Principles of Foundation Engineering, 2nd Edition, PWS-KENT, Boston.
10 Castro, J. and Karstunen, M. (2010), "Numerical simulations of stone column installation", Can. Geotech. J., 47(10), 1127-1138.   DOI
11 Demir, A., Sarc, T., Laman, M. and Bagrack, B. (2013), "An experimental study on behaviour of geosynthetic reinforced stone columns", 2nd International Balkans Conference on Challenges of Civil Engineering, BCCCE, Tirana, Albania.
12 Dinarvand, R. and Ardakani, A. (2017), "Behavior of geosynthetic-encased granular column in silty sand soil by direct shear test", Amirkabir J. Civil Eng., doi: 10.22060/ceej.2017.12979.5308.
13 Ghazavi, M. and Afshar, J.N. (2013), "Bearing capacity of geosynthetic encased stone columns", Geotext. Geomembran., 38, 26-36.   DOI
14 Gnandji, R.A. and Kalumba, D. (2014), "Experimental and numerical analyses of the behaviour of rammed stone columns installed in a South African soft soil", Int. J. Eng. Sci. Innov. Technol., 3(6), 477-499.
15 Gniel, J. and Bouazza, A. (2009), "Improvement of soft soils using geogrid encased stone columns", Geotext. Geomembran., 27(3), 167-175.   DOI
16 Guetif, Z., Bouassida, M. and Debats, J.M. (2007), "Improved soft clay characteristics due to stone column installation", Comput. Geotech., 34, 104-111.   DOI
17 Gniel, J. and Bouazza, A. (2009), "Improvement of soft soils using geogrid encased stone columns", Geotext. Geomembran., 27, 167-175   DOI
18 Greenwood, D.A. (1970), "Mechanical improvement of soils below ground surface", Ground Engineering Conference Organised by the Institution of Civil Engineers, London.
19 Guetif, Z., Bouassida, M. and Debats, J.M. (2007), "Improved soft clay characteristics due to stone column installation", Comput. Geotech., 34(2), 104-111.   DOI
20 Madhav, M.R. and Vitkar, P.P. (1978), "Strip footing on weak clay stabilized with a granular trench or pile", Can. Geotech. J., 15(4), 605-609.   DOI
21 Javanmard, M., Bayat, M. and Ardakani, A. (2013), "Nonlinear vibration of Euler-Bernoulli beams resting on linear elastic foundation", Steel Compos. Struct., 15(4), 439-449.   DOI
22 Guo, L., Wang, J., Cai, Y., Liu, H., Gao, Y. and Sun. H. (2013), "Undrained deformation behavior of saturated soft clay under long-term cyclic loading", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 50, 28-37.   DOI
23 Han, J. and Ye. S.L. (2001), "Simplified method for consolidation rate of stone column reinforced foundations", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 127(7), 597-603.   DOI
24 Hughes, J.M.O., Withers, N.J. and Greenwood, D.A. (1975), "A field trial of the reinforcing effect of a stone column in soil", Geotechnique, 25(1), 31-44.   DOI
25 Jellali, B., Bouassida, M. and de Buhan, P. (2007), "A homogenization approach to estimate the ultimate bearing capacity of a stone column reinforced foundation", Int. J. Geotech. Eng., 1(1), 61-69.   DOI
26 Murugesan, S. and Rajagopal, K. (2009), "Performance of encased stone columns and design guidelines for construction on soft clay soils", J. Geosynth. Civil Environ. Eng., 10, 72-734.
27 Maheshwari, P. and Khatri, S. (2010), "Nonlinear response of footings on granular bed stone column-reinforced poor soil", Int. J. Geotech. Eng., 4(4), 435-443.   DOI
28 Murugesan, S. and Rajagopal, K. (2006), "Geosynthetic-encased stone columns: numerical evaluation", Geotext. Geomembran., 24(6), 349-358.   DOI
29 Murugesan, S. and Rajagopal, K. (2007), "Model tests on geosynthetic-encased stone columns", Geosynth. Int., 14(6), 346-354.   DOI
30 Murugesan, S. and Rajagopal, K. (2010), "Studies on the behaviour of single and group of geosynthetic encased stone columns", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 136, 129-139.   DOI
31 Rajagopal, K., Krishnaswamy, N.R. and Latha, G.M. (1999), "Behaviour of sand confined with single and multiple geocells", Geotext. Geomembran., 17(3), 171-184.   DOI
32 Rajesh, S. and Jain, P. (2015), "Influence of permeability of soft clay on the efficiency of stone columns and geosynthetic-encased stone columns-a numerical study", Int. J. Geotech. Eng., 9(5), 483-493.   DOI
33 Raju, K.V.S.B., Govinda Raju, L. and Chandrashekhar, A.S. (2013), "Cyclic response of stone columns", Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res., 4(5), 29-32.
34 Saroglou, H., Antoniou, A. and Pateras, S. (2009), "Ground improvement of clayey soil formations using stone columns: A case study from Greece", Int. J. Geotech. Eng., 3(4), 493-498.   DOI
35 Latha, G.M., Rajagopal, K. and Krishnaswamy, N.R. (2006), "Experimental and theoretical investigations on geocell-supported embankments", Int. J. Geomech., ASCE, 6(1), 30-35.   DOI
36 Kempfert, H. and Gebreselassi, B. (2006), Excavations and Foundations in Soft Soils, Springer-verlay, Berlin.
37 Khabbazian, M., Kaliakin, V.N. and Meehan, C.L. (2010), "Numerical study of the effect of geosynthetic encasement on the behaviour of granular columns", Geosynth. Int., 17, 132-143.   DOI
38 Kolekar, Y.A., Shafi Mir, O. and Murty, D.S. (2011), "Behaviour of stone column reinforced marin clay under static and cyclic loading", Proceedings of IGC, Kochi, December.
39 Lo, S.R., Zhang, R. and Mak, J. (2010), "Geosynthetic-encased stone columns in soft clay: a numerical study", Geotext. Geomembran., 28(3), 92-302.
40 Sexton, B.G. and McCabe, B.A. (2015), "Modeling stone column installation in an elasto-visco plastic soil", Int. J. Geotech. Eng., 9(5), 500-512.   DOI
41 Sharma, S.R., Phanikumar, B.R. and Nagendra, G. (2004), "Compressive load response of granular piles reinforced with geogrids", Can. Geotech. J., 41(1), 187-192.   DOI
42 Shivashankar, R., Babu, M.R.D., Nayak, S. and Rajathkumar, V. (2011), "Experimental studies on behaviour of stone columns in layered soils", Geotech. Geolog. Eng., 29(5), 749-757.   DOI
43 Smith, M. and Filz, G. (2007), "Axisymmetric numerical modeling of a unit cell in geosynthetic-reinforced, column-supported embankments", Geosynth. Int., 14(1), 13-22.   DOI
44 Sunitsakul, J., Sawatparnich, A. and Apimeteetamrong, S. (2010), "Basic soil properties from CPT in Bangkok clay for highway design", 2nd International Symposium on Cone Penetration Testing, Huntington Beach, CA, USA.
45 Tandel, Y.K., Solanki, C.H. and Desai, A.K. (2013), "Laboratory experimental analysis on encapsulated stone column", Arch. Civil Eng., 59(3), 359-379.
46 Watts, K.S., Johnson, D., Wood, L.A. and Saadi, A. (2015), "An instrumented trial of vibro ground treatment supporting strip foundations in a variable fill", Ground Soil Improv., 50(6), 699-708.