Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2017.64.3.301

Cyclic testing of innovative two-level control system: Knee brace & vertical link in series in chevron braced steel frames  

Rousta, Ali Mohammad (School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Tehran)
Zahrai, Seyed Mehdi (Center of Excellence for Engineering and Management of Civil Infrastructures, School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Tehran)
Publication Information
Structural Engineering and Mechanics / v.64, no.3, 2017 , pp. 301-310 More about this Journal
Abstract
For further development of passive control systems to dissipate larger seismic energy and prevent the structures from earthquake losses, this paper proposes an innovative two-level control system to improve behavior of chevron braced steel frames. Combining two Knee Braces, KB, and a Vertical Link Beam, VLB, in a chevron braced frame, this system can reliably sustain main shock and aftershocks in steel structures. The performance of this two-level system is examined through a finite element analysis and quasi-static cyclic loading test. The cyclic performances of VLB and KBs alone in chevron braced frames are compared with that of the presented two-level control system. The results show appropriate performance of the proposed system in terms of ductility and energy dissipation in two different excitation levels. The maximum load capacity of the presented system is about 30% and 17% higher than those of the chevron braced frames with KB and VLB alone, respectively. In addition, the maximum energy dissipation of the proposed system is about 78% and 150% higher than those of chevron braced frames with VLB and KB respectively under two separate levels of lateral forces caused by different probable seismic excitations. Finally, high performance under different earthquake levels with competitive cost and quick installation work for the control system can be found as main advantages of the presented system.
Keywords
two-level control system; chevron braced steel frame; knee brace; vertical link beam; energy dissipation; cyclic testing;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 8  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Christopoulos, C., Filiatrault, A. and Bertero, V.V. (2006), Principles of Passive Supplemental Damping and Seismic Isolation, Iuss Press.
2 Uniform Building Code (1997), International Building Code, International Code Council, USA.
3 Daneshmand, A. and Hoseini Hashemi, B. (2012), "Performance of intermediate and long links in eccentrically braced frames", J. Constr. Steel Res., 70(4), 167-176.   DOI
4 Eljajeh, Y. and Petkovski, M. (2015), "Centralized semi-active control of post-tensioned steel frames", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 44(1), 79-100.   DOI
5 Esteki, K., Bagchi, A. and Sedaghati, R. (2015), "Semi-active control of seismic response of a building using MR fluid-based tuned mass damper", Smart Struct. Syst., 16(5), 807-833.   DOI
6 Hoseini Hashemi, B. and Alirezaei, M., (2015), "Experimental investigation of a combined system in steel braced frames", J. Seismol. Earthq. Eng., 17(3), 160-181.
7 Hanson, R.D. and Soong, T.T. (2001), Seismic Design with Supplemental Energy Dissipation Devices, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.
8 Hochrainer, M.J. (2015), "Active tuned liquid column gas damper in structural control", Dyn. Civil Struct., 2, 467-473.
9 Hosseini Hashemi, B. and Ahmady Jazany, R. (2012), "Study of connection detailing on SMRF seismic behavior for unequal beam depths", J. Constr. Steel Res., 68(1), 150-164.   DOI
10 Hsu, H., Juang, J. and Chou, C. (2011), "Experimental evaluation on the seismic performance of steel knee braced frame structures with energy dissipation mechanism", Steel Compos. Struct., 11(1), 77-91.   DOI
11 Jouneghani, H.G., Haghollahi, A., Moghaddam, H. and Moghadam, A.S. (2016), "2099. Study of the seismic performance of steel frames in the elliptic bracing", J. Vibroeng., 18(5), 134-145.
12 Li, F.M. and Liu, C.C. (2015), "Vibration analysis and active control for frame structures with piezoelectric rods using spectral element method", Arch. Appl. Mech., 85(5), 675-690.   DOI
13 Ke, K. and Yam, M.C.H. (2016), "Energy-factor-based damagecontrol evaluation of steel MRF systems with fuses", Steel Compos. Struct., 22(3), 589-611.   DOI
14 Kim, H.G., Yoshitomi, S. Tsuji, M. and Takewaki, I. (2012), "New three-layer-type hysteretic damper system and its damping capacity", Earthq. Struct., 3(6), 821-838.   DOI
15 Leon, R., Perea, T., Hajjar, J. and Denavit, M. (2011), "Concretefilled tubes columns and beam-columns, a database for the AISC 2005 and 2010 specifications", Festschrift Gerhard Hanswille, 20, 203-212.
16 Mofid, M. and Lotfollahi, M. (2006), "On the characteristics of new ductile knee bracing systems", J. Constr. Steel Res., 62(3), 271-281.   DOI
17 Roeder, C.W. and Popov, E. P. (1978), "Eccentrically braced steel frames for earthquakes", J. Struct. Div., 104(3), 393-412.
18 Mori, C., Sorace, S. and Terenzi, G. (2015), "Seismic assessment and retrofit of two heritage-listed R/C elevated water storage tanks", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 77, 123-136.   DOI
19 Omidi, E. and Mahmoodi, N. (2015), "Hybrid positive feedback control for active vibration attenuation of flexible structures", IEEE/ASME Tran. Mech., 20(4) 145167.
20 Ravindra, M.K. and Galambos, T.V. (1978), "Load and resistance factor design for steel", J. Struct. Div., 104(9), 1337-1353.
21 Saaed, T.E., Nikolakopoulos, G., Jonasson, J.E. and Hedlund, H. (2015), "A state-of-the-art review of structural control systems", J. Vib. Control, 21(5), 919-937.   DOI
22 Sun, S., Yang, J., Li, W. Deng, H. Du, H., Alici, G. and Yan, T. (2016), "An innovative MRE absorber with double natural frequencies for wide frequency bandwidth vibration absorption", Smart Mater. Struct., 25(5), 055035.   DOI
23 Saeedi, F., Shabakhty, N. and Mousavi, S.R. (2016), "Seismic assessment of steel frames with triangular-plate added damping and stiffness devices", J. Constr. Steel Res., 125, 15-25.   DOI
24 Shakibabarough, A., Valinejadshoubi, M. and Bagchi, A. (2016), "Effects of damper locations and base isolators on seismic response of a building frame", Int. J. Civil Environ. Struct. Constr. Arch. Eng., 10(6), 674-679.
25 Silwal, B., Michael, R.J. and Ozbulut, O.E. (2015), "A superelastic viscous damper for enhanced seismic performance of steel moment frames", Eng. Struct., 105, 152-164.   DOI
26 Takewaki, I. (2011). Building Control with Passive Dampers, Optimal Performance-based Design for Earthquakes, John Wiley & Sons.
27 Zahrai, S.M. and Moslehi Tabar, A. (2006), "Cyclic behaviour of steel braced frames having shear panel system", Asian J. Civil Eng. (Build. Hous.), 7(1), 13-26.
28 Vargas, R. and Bruneau, M. (2007), "Effect of supplemental viscous damping on the seismic response of structural systems with metallic dampers", J. Struct. Eng., 133(10), 1434-1444.   DOI
29 Zahrai, S.M. (2015), "Cyclic testing of chevron braced steel frames with IPE shear panels", Steel Compos. Struct., 19(5), 1167-1184.   DOI
30 Zahrai, S.M. and Cheraghi, A. (2017), "Reducing seismic vibrations of typical steel frames using new multi-level pipe damper", Int. J. Steel Struct., 17(3), 983-998.   DOI
31 Zahrai, S.M. and Moslehi Tabar, A. (2013), "Analytical study on cyclic behavior of chevron braced frames with shear panel system considering post-yield deformation", Can. J. Civil Eng., 40(7), 633-643.   DOI
32 Zahrai, S.M., Khalili, B.G. and Mousavi, S.A. (2015), "Seismic behavior of steel frames with lightweight-low strength industrialized infill walls", Earthq. Struct., 9(6), 1273-1290.   DOI
33 Zahrai, S.M. and Shafieezadeh, A. (2009), "Semi-active control of the wind-excited benchmark tall building using a fuzzy controller", Iran. J. Sci. Technol., 33(B1), 1-25.
34 Zahrai, S.M. and Vosooq, A.K. (2013), "Study of an innovative two-stage control system, Chevron knee bracing & shear panel in series connection", Struct. Eng. Mech., 47(6), 881-898.   DOI
35 Zahrai, S.M. and Jalali, M. (2014), "Experimental and analytical investigations on seismic behavior of ductile steel knee braced frames", Steel Compos. Struct., 16(1), 1-21.   DOI
36 ANSYS Inc., ANSYS User‟s Manual, revision 13.0.
37 Chan, R.W., Albermani, F. and Williams, M.S. (2009), "Evaluation of yielding shear panel device for passive energy dissipation", J. Constr. Steel Res., 65(2), 260-268.   DOI
38 American Institute of Steel Construction, AISC2005, Steel Construction Manual, 13th Edition, Chicago.
39 Balendra, T., Lim, E.L. and Lee, S.L. (1994), "Ductile knee braced frames with shear yielding knee for seismic resistant structures", Eng. Struct., 16(4), 263-269.   DOI
40 Balendra, T., Yu, C.H. and Lee, F.L. (2001), "An economical structural system for wind and earthquake loads", Eng. Struct., 23(5), 491-501.   DOI
41 Cheraghi, A. and Zahrai, S.M. (2016), "Innovative multi-level control with concentric pipes along brace to reduce seismic response of steel frames", J. Constr. Steel Res., 127(2), 120-135.   DOI
42 Cheraghi, A. and Zahrai, S.M. (2017), "Cyclic testing of multilevel pipe in pipe damper", J. Earthq. Eng. (in Press)