Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2002.14.3.287

Seismic assessment of transfer plate high rise buildings  

Su, R.K.L. (Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong)
Chandler, A.M. (Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong)
Li, J.H. (Department of Civil Engineerig, The University of Hong Kong)
Lam, N.T.K. (Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The University of Melbourne)
Publication Information
Structural Engineering and Mechanics / v.14, no.3, 2002 , pp. 287-306 More about this Journal
Abstract
The assessment of structural performance of transfer structures under potential seismic actions is presented. Various seismic assessment methodologies are used, with particular emphasis on the accurate modelling of the higher mode effects and the potential development of a soft storey effect in the mega-columns below the transfer plate (TP) level. Those methods include response spectrum analysis (RSA), manual calculation, pushover analysis (POA) and equivalent static load analysis (ESA). The capabilities and limitations of each method are highlighted. The paper aims, firstly, to determine the appropriate seismic assessment methodology for transfer structures using these different approaches, all of which can be undertaken with the resources generally available in a design office. Secondly, the paper highlights and discusses factors influencing the response behaviour of transfer structures, and finally provides a general indication of their seismic vulnerability. The representative Hong Kong building considered in this paper utilises a structural system with coupled shear walls and moment resisting portal-frames, above and below the TP, respectively. By adopting the wind load profile stipulated in the Code of Practice on Wind Effects: Hong Kong-1983, all the structural members are sized and detailed according to the British Standards BS8110 and the current local practices. The seismic displacement demand for the structure, when built on either rock or deep soil sites, was determined in a companion paper. The lateral load-displacement characteristic of the building, determined herein from manual calculation, has indicated that the poor ductility (brittle nature) of the mega-columns, due mainly to the high level of axial pre-compression as found from the analysis, cannot be effectively alleviated solely by increasing the quantity of confinement stirrups. The interstorey drift demands at lower and upper zones caused by seismic actions are found to be substantially higher than those arising from wind loads. The mega-columns supporting the TP and the coupling beams at higher zones are identified to be the most vulnerable components under seismic actions.
Keywords
earthquakes; wind; transfer; structure; displacement; seismic; assessment;
Citations & Related Records

Times Cited By Web Of Science : 7  (Related Records In Web of Science)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 7
연도 인용수 순위
1 Chan, H.C., Pan, A.D.E., Pam, H.J. and Kwan, A.K.H. (1998b), "Seismic detailing of reinforced concrete buildings with relevance to Hong Kong design practice (Part II)", Transactions of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, 5(1), 14-20.
2 Chandler, A.M. Su, R.K.L. and Lee, P.K.K. (2002), "Seismic drift assessment for Hong Kong Buildings", Proceedings of the Annual Seminar 2001/02, The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers Structural Division & The Institution of Structural Engineers (HK Division), 17 May 2002, 1-15.
3 Lam, N.T.K., Wilson, J.L., Chandler, A.M. and Hutchinson, G.L. (2000c), "Response spectrum modelling for rock sites in low and moderate seismicity regions combining velocity, displacement and acceleration predictions", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 29(10), 1491-1526.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Priestley, M.J.N. and Kowalsky, M.J. (2000), "Direct displacement-based seismic design of concrete buildings", Bulletin of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering, 33(4), 421-444.
5 Mayes, R. (1995), "Interstory drift design and damage control issues", Journal of the Structural Design of Tall Building, 4, 15-25.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Lee, P.K.K., Kwan, A.K.H. and Zheng, W. (2000), "Tensile strength and elastic modulus of typical concrete made in Hong Kong", Transactions of Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, 7(2), 35-40.
7 Krawinkler, H. and Seneviratna, G.D.P.K. (1998), "Pros and cons of a pushover analysis of seismic performance evaluation", Eng. Struct., 20(4-6), 452-464.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Calvi, G.M. and Pavese, A. (1995), Displacement Based Design of Building Structures. European Seismic Design Practice, Balkema, Rotterdam, 127-132.
9 British Standards Institution (BSI) (1985), Code of Practice for Design and Construction (BS8110 Part 2), British Standard, Structural Use of Concrete.
10 Buildings Department, HKSAR (1998), Building Construction in Hong Kong.
11 Buildings Development Department (1983), Code of Practice on Wind Effects : Hong Kong-1983, Government of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
12 Chan, H.C., Pan, A.D.E., Pam, H.J. and Kwan, A.K.H. (1998a), "Seismic detailing of reinforced concrete buildings with relevance to Hong Kong design practice (Part I)", Transactions of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, 5(1), 6-13.
13 Paulay, T. and Priestey, M.J.N. (1992), Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
14 Priestley, M.J.N. (1998), "Brief comments on elastic flexibility of reinforced concrete frames and significance of seismic design", Bulletin of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering, 31(4), 246-259.
15 Priestley, M.J.N. and Calvi, G.M. (1997), "Concepts and procedures for direct displacement-based design and assessment", Proc. the Workshop on Seismic Design Approaches for the 21st Century, June 1997, Slovenia.
16 Mwafy, A.M. and Elnashai, A.S. (2001), "Static pushover versus dynamic collapse analysis of RC buildings", J. Eng. Struct., 23(5), 407-424.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Scott, D.M., Pappin, J.W. and Kwok, M.K.Y. (1994), "Seismic design of buildings in Hong Kong", Transactions of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers. 1(2), 37-50.
18 Mander, J.B., Priestley, M.J.N and Park, R. (1988), "Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 114(8), 1804-1826.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Waekava, K. and Xu, A. (2000), "Shear failure and ductility of RC columns after yielding of main reinforcement", Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 65(2-3), Jan., 335-368.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Chandler, A.M., Su, R.K.L., Sheikh, N. and Lam, N.T.K. (2000), "Motion induced by distant earthquakes: effect of sediments and reclamation", Proc. Int. Conf. Advances in Structural Dynamics (ASD2000), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 1, 185-192.
21 Buildings Authority Hong Kong, HKSAR (1987), Code of Practice for Structural Use of Concrete.
22 Newmark, N.M. and Hall, W.J. (1982), Earthquake Spectra and Design, EERI Monograph, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, California, USA.
23 Lam, N.T.K., Wilson, J.L. and Hutchinson, G.L. (2000a), "Generation of synthetic earthquake accelerograms using seismological modelling: a review", J. Earthquake Engineering, 4(3), 321-354.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Sheikh, N. (2001), Simplified Analysis of Earthquake Site Response with Particular Application to Low and Moderate Seismicity Regions, MPhil Thesis, The University of Hong Kong.
25 Kowalsky, M.J., Priestley, M.J.N. and MacRae, G.A. (1995), "Displacement-based design of RC bridge columns in seismic regions", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 24, 1623-1643.   DOI
26 Idriss, I.M. and Sun, J.I. (1992), User's Manual for SHAKE-91, sponsored by National Institute of Standards and Technology, Maryland, U.S.A. and Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, U.S.A.
27 Collins, M.P. and Mitchell, D. (1997), Prestressed Concrete Structures, Response Publications, Canada.
28 GEO (1997), Pilot Study of Effects of Soil Amplification of Seismic Ground Motions in Hong Kong, Technical Note TN 5/97, Geotechnical Engineering Office, Civil Engineering Department, Hong Kong.
29 Lam, N.T.K., Wilson, J.L. and Chandler, A.M. (2001), "Seismic displacement response spectrum estimated from the frame analogy soil amplification model", J. Eng. Struct., 23, 1437-1452.   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Chopra, A.K. and Goel, R.K. (1999), "Capacity-spectrum-demand methods based on inelastic design spectrum", JU Earthquake Spectra, 15(4), 637-656.   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Watson, S., Zahn, F.A. and Park, R. (1994), "Confining reinforcement for concrete columns", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 120(6), 1798-1824.   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Lam, N.T.K., Wilson, J.L., Chandler, A.M. and Hutchinson, G.L. (2000b), "Response spectral relationships for rock sites derived from the component attenuation model", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 29(10), 1457-1490.   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Priestley, M.J.N. and Kowalsky, M.J. (1998), "Aspects of drift and ductility capacity of rectangular cantilever structural walls", Bulletin of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering, 31(2), 73-85.
34 Park, R. (1996), "A static force-based procedure for the seismic assessment of existing R/C moment resisting frames", Proc. the 1996 Technical Conference of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering, Plymouth, 22-24 March, 54-67.
35 ETABS (1997), Three Dimensional Analysis of Building Systems (version 7.12), User's Manual, Computers & Structures Inc.
36 Pun, W.K. (1994). "Earthquake resistance of buildings in Hong Kong", Asia Engineer, 25-28.
37 Uniform Building Code, UBC (1997), International Conference of Building Officials. Chapter 23, Part 3: Earthquake Design.
38 Priestley, M.J.N. (1996), "Direct displacement seismic assessment of existing reinforced concrete buildings", Bulletin of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering., 29(4), 256-272.