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http://dx.doi.org/10.13104/imri.2018.22.4.209

Susceptibility Weighted Imaging of the Cervical Spinal Cord with Compensation of Respiratory-Induced Artifact  

Lee, Hongpyo (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University)
Nam, Yoonho (Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea)
Gho, Sung-Min (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University)
Han, Dongyeob (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University)
Kim, Eung Yeop (Department of Radiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center)
Lee, Sheen-Woo (Department of Radiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center)
Kim, Dong-Hyun (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University)
Publication Information
Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging / v.22, no.4, 2018 , pp. 209-217 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this study was to obtain improved susceptibility weighted images (SWI) of the cervical spinal cord using respiratory-induced artifact compensation. Materials and Methods: The artifact from $B_0$ fluctuations by respiration could be compensated using a double navigator echo approach. The two navigators were inserted in an SWI sequence before and after the image readouts. The $B_0$ fluctuation was measured by each navigator echoes, and the inverse of the fluctuation was applied to eliminate the artifact from fluctuation. The degree of compensation was quantified using a quality index (QI) term for compensated imaging using each navigator. Also, the effect of compensation was analyzed according to the position of the spinal cord using QI values. Results: Compensation using navigator echo gave the improved visualization of SWI in cervical spinal cord compared to non-compensated images. Before compensation, images were influenced by artificial noise from motion in both the superior (QI = 0.031) and inferior (QI = 0.043) regions. In most parts of the superior regions, the second navigator resulted in better quality (QI = 0.024, P < 0.01) compared to the first navigator, but in the inferior regions the first navigator showed better quality (QI = 0.033, P < 0.01) after correction. Conclusion: Motion compensation using a double navigator method can increase the improvement of the SWI in the cervical spinal cord. The proposed method makes SWI a useful tool for the diagnosis of spinal cord injury by reducing respiratory-induced artifact.
Keywords
SWI; Cervical spinal cord; Motion compensation; Respiratory-induced artifact; Navigator echo;
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