Browse > Article

The Principles and Metrical Applications of Immunocsensors  

김의락 (계명대학교 자연과학부 화학과)
백세환 (고려대학교 셩명정보공학과)
Publication Information
KSBB Journal / v.17, no.2, 2002 , pp. 121-136 More about this Journal
Abstract
Immunosensors are of great interest because of their potential utility as specific, simple, label-free, direct detection means and provision of reduction in size, cost and time of analysis comparing with conventional immunoassay. In the last two decades, many reports have been published on the use of immunosensors for a wide range of applications to clinical diagnostics, pharmaceutical chemistry, environmental monitoring, biotechnology and food industries. There are also numerous transduction techniques developed such as electrochemical techniques, piezoelectric crystal, and surface plasmon resonance receiving much attention for the direct monitoring of immune reactions at solid surfaces. In this article, the principles, characteristics, structures, fonctions and clinical applications of immunosensors were reviewed
Keywords
immunosensor; clinical diagnostics; alternative immunoassay systems; transducers; IAsys, SPR(surface plasmon resornance); optical chip;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Intergrated optical couplers as chemical waveguide sensors /
[ Tiefenthaler, K.;Turner, A. P. F.(ed) ] / Advances in biosensors
2 /
[ Harrick, N. ] / Internal reflection spectroscopy
3 A 'mixed' self-assembled monolayer for an impedimetric immunosensor /
[ Rickert, J.;W. Gopel;W. B. Beck;G. Jung;P. Heiduschka ] / Biosens. Bioelectr.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Flow injection renewable surface immunoassay;a new approach to immunoanalysis with fluorescence detection /
[ Pollema, D. A.;J. Ruzicha ] / Anal. Chem.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Enzyme immunosensor Ⅲ.Amperometric determination of human choriogonadotrophin by membrane bound antibody /
[ Aizawa, M;A. Morioka;S. Suzuki;Y. Nagamura ] / Anal. Biochem.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 /
[ Ursula, E. ] / Spichiger-Keller Chemical sensor and Biosensors for Medical and Biological Applications
7 A comparison of 3 fluorophores for use in an optical whole-blood /
[ Daniels, P. B. ] / Sensors Actuators   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Determination of bovine haemiglobin by a piezoelectric crystal immunosensor /
[ Shao, B.;Q. Hu;J. Hu;X. Zhou;W. Zhang;X. Wang;X. Fan ] / Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.
9 Conductimetric membrane strip immunosensor with polyaniline bound gold colloids as signal generator /
[ Kim, J. H.;J. H. Cho;G. S. Cha;C. W. Lee;H. B. Kim;S. H. Paek ] / Biosensors & Bioelectronics   DOI   ScienceOn
10 An improved amperometric immunosensor for the detection and enumeration of protein A-bearing Staphylococcus aureus /
[ Mirhabibollahi, B.;J. L. Brooks;R. G. Kroll ] / Lett. Appl. Bacteriol.
11 A multichannel immunochemical sensor for determination of 2,4-dicholophenoxyacetic acid. /
[ Skladal, P.;T. Kalab ] / Anal. Chim. Acta.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Development of a heterogeneous amperometric immunosensor for the determination of apolipoprotein E in seurm /
[ Meusel, M.;R. Renneberg;F. Spener;G. Schmitz ] / Biosens. Bioelectron.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Optical phase-sensitive detection /
[ Marguerre, H. ] / Optical sensors
14 Finding with the recording ellipsometer surggesting rapid exchange of specific plasma proteins at solid/liquid interfaces /
[ Vroman, L.;A. Adams ] / Surf. Sci.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Amplification of antigen-antibody interactions based on biotin labeled protein-streptavidin network complex using impedance spectroscopy /
[ Pei, R.;Z. Cheng;E. Wang;X. Yang ] / Biosensors & Bioelectronics   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Operational characteristics of an antibodyimmobilized QCM system detecting Salmonella spp. /
[ Park, I. S.;W. Y. Kim;N. S. Kim ] / Biosensors & Bioelectronics   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Thiophilicgels: applications in flow-injection immunoassay for macromolecules and haptens /
[ Palmer, D. A.;J. N. Miller ] / Anal. Chim. Acta   DOI
18 /
[ Price, C. P.(ed);D. J. Newman(ed) ] / Principles and practice of immunoassay
19 Rapid fluorescene flow injection immunoassay using a novel perfusion chromatographic meterial /
[ Palmer, D. A.;M. Evans;N. Miller;M. T. French ] / Analyst   DOI   ScienceOn
20 A Piezoelectric biosensor modified with protein A for immunoglobulins /
[ Muramatsu, H.;J. Dicks;E. Tamia;I. Karube ] / Anal. Chem.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 A displacement flow immunosensor for explosive detection using microcapillaries /
[ Narang, U.;P. R. Gauger;F. S. Ligler ] / Anal. Chem.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Piezoelectric(PZ) immunosensors amd their applications /
[ Suleiman, A. A.;G. G. Guilbault ] / Anal. Lett.   DOI
23 Flow-injection amperometric system for enzyme immunoassay /
[ Ivnitski, D. M.;R. A. Sitdikov;V. E. Kurochkin ] / Anal. Chem.
24 Potentiometric biosensor employing catalytic antibodies as the molecular recongnition element /
[ Blackburn, G. E.;D. B. Talley;P. M. Booth;C. N. Durfor;M. T. Martin;A. D. Napper; A. R. Rees ] / Anal. Chem.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Bioelectrocatalysis;Equilibrium oxygen potential in the presence of laccase /
[ Berezin, I. V.;V. A. Bogdanovskaya;S. D. Varfolomeev;M. R. Tarasevich;A. I. Yaropolov ] / Dokl. Phys. Chem.
26 Selective and repeatable detection of human serum albumin by using piezoelectric immunosensor /
[ Sakai, G.;T. Saiki;T. Uda;N. Miura;N. Yamazoe ] / Sensors and Actuators
27 Development of a piezoelectric immunosensor for the detection of human erythrocytes /
[ Konig, B.;M. Gratzel ] / Anal. Chim. Acta.
28 Highly sensitive quartz crystal immunosensor for multisample detection of herbicides /
[ Yokoyama, K.;K. Ikebukuro;E. Tamiya;I. Karube;N. Ichiki;Y. Arikawa ] / Anal. Chim. Acta.   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Simultaneous immunoassay array and robust method /
[ Chu, X.;J. H. Jiang;G. L. Shen;R. Q. Yu ] / Anal. Chim. Acta.   DOI
30 Process monitoring by flow-injection immunoassay /
[ Nilsson, M.;Hakason, H.;Mattiasson, B. ] / Evalution of a sequential competitive binding assay. J. Chromatogr.
31 Homogeneous potentiometric enzyme immunoassay for human IgG. /
[ Fonong, T.;G. A. Rechnitz ] / Anal. Chem.   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Potentiometric enzyme immunoassay for digoxin using polystyrene beads /
[ Keating, M. Y.;G. A. Rechnitz ] / Anal. Lett.   DOI
33 Electroimmunoassay. A new competitive protein binding assay using antibody-sensitive electrodes /
[ Connell, G. R.;K. M. Sanders;R. L. Williams ] / Biophys. J.   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Direct detection of immunospecies by capacitance measurements /
[ Bataillard, P.;F. Gardies;N. Jaffrezic-Renault;C. Martelet;B. Colin;B. Mandrand ] / Anal. Chem.   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Self assembled monolayer for PZ immunosensors /
[ Vaughan, R.;C. K. O'Sullivan;G. G. Guilbault ] / Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem.   DOI   ScienceOn
36 PZ quartz sensors for use in clinical analysis /
[ Ebersole, R.;J. Miller;J. Moran;M. Ward ] / J. Am. Chem. Soc.   DOI
37 Optical probes and transducers /
[ Brecht, A.;G. Gauglitz ] / Biosensors & Bioelectronics   DOI   ScienceOn
38 Multiple internal reflection spectroscopy /
[ Harrick, N.;G. Loeb ] / Anal. Chem.   DOI
39 The inter- action of proteins and ions with affinity ligands covalently coupled to silicon surfaces as monitored by ellipsometry /
[ Mandenius, C. F.;S. Welin;B. Danielsson;I. Lundstrom;K. Mosbach ] / Anal. Biochem.   DOI   ScienceOn
40 Optical biosensors for immunoassays;the fluorescence capillary fill device /
[ Badley, R. A.;R. A. L. Drake;I. A. Shanks;A. M. Smith;P. R. Stephenson ] / Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol. Sci.   DOI
41 Integrated optical difference interferometer as relative humidity sensor and differential refractometer /
[ Lukosz, W.;C. Stamm ] / Sensors Actuators
42 The resonant mirror;a novel optical biosensor for direct sensing of biomolecular interactions;Part Ⅰ.Principle of operation and associated instrumentation /
[ Cush, R.;J. Cronin;W. Stewart;C. Maule;J. Molloy;N. Goddard ] / Biosens. Bioelectron.   DOI   ScienceOn
43 Sol-Gel-derived thick-film amperometric immunosensors /
[ Wang, J.;P. V. A. Pamidi;K. R. Rogers ] / Anal. Chem.   DOI   ScienceOn
44 Cortisol antibody electrode /
[ Keatintg, M. Y.;G. A. Rechnitz ] / Analyst   DOI
45 Biosensors for environmental applications /
[ Rogers, K. R. ] / Biosensors & Bioelectronics   DOI   ScienceOn
46 Simultaneous immunoassay using electrochemical detection of metal ion labels /
[ Hayes, F. J.;H. B. Halsall;W. R. Heineman ] / Anal. Chem.   DOI   ScienceOn
47 Sensitivity enhancement of optical immunosensors by the use of a surface plasmon resonance fluoroimmunoassay /
[ Attridge, J. W.;P. B. Daniels;J. K. Deacon;G. A. Robinson;G. P. Davidson ] / Biosens Bioelectron   DOI   ScienceOn
48 Long-term stability and improved reusability of a piezoelectric immunosensor for human erythrocytes /
[ Konig, B.;M. Gratzel ] / Anal. Chim. Acta.   DOI   ScienceOn
49 Surface plasmon resonance for gas detection and biosensing /
[ Liedberg, B.;C. Nylander; I. Lundstrom ] / Sensors Actuators   DOI   ScienceOn
50 Transducer aspects of biosensors /
[ Sethi, R. ] / Biosens. Bioelectron.   DOI   ScienceOn
51 Detection of human T-lymphocytes with a piezoelectric immunosensor /
[ Konig, B.;M. Gratzel ] / Anal. Chim. Acta.   DOI   ScienceOn
52 Surface midification for development of piezoimmunosensors /
[ Storri, S.;T. Santorini;M. Minunni;M. Mascini ] / Biosensors Bioelectron   DOI   ScienceOn
53 Immunosensing with amperometric detection, using galactosidase as label and Ρ-aminophenyl-β- galactopyranoside as substrate /
[ Masson, M.;Z. Liu;T. Haruyama;E. Kobatake;Y. Ikariyama;M. Aizawa ] / Anal. Chim. Acta.   DOI   ScienceOn
54 Amperometric immunosensor for lactate dehydrogenase LD-1 /
[ Kelly, S.;D. Compagnone;G. Guilbault ] / Biosensors & Bioelectronics   DOI   ScienceOn
55 Optical flow-cell multichannel immunosensor for the detection of biological warfare agents /
[ Koch, S.;H. Wolf;C. Danapel;K. A. Feller ] / Biosensors & Bioelectronics   DOI   ScienceOn
56 The difference interferometer;appication as a direct affinity sensor /
[ Schlatrer, D.;R. Barnes;C. Fattinger;W. Huber;J. Hu bscher;J. Hurst ] / Biosens. Bioelectron.   DOI   ScienceOn
57 Electrochemiluminescence flow injection immunoassay for atrazine /
[ Wilson, R.;M. H. Barker;D. J. Schiffrin;R. Abuknesha ] / Biosensors & Bioelectronics   DOI   ScienceOn
58 Nanomolar detection of the ferrocene derivatives using a recycling enzyme electrode;Development of the redox label immunoassay /
[ Ghindilis, A. L.;A. Makower;F. W. Scheller ] / Anal. Lett.   DOI
59 Application of redox enzymes for iprobing the antigen-antibody association at monolayer interfaces: development of amperometric immunosensor electrodes /
[ Blonder, R.;E. Katz;Y. Cohen;N. Itzhak;A. Riklin;I. Willner ] / Anal. Chem.   DOI   ScienceOn
60 Fluorescence excitation transfer immunoassay(FETI) /
[ Ullman, E. F.;P. L. Khanna;L. Longone(ed);H. Van Vunakis(ed) ] / Methods in enzymology: immunochemical techniques
61 Piezoelectric crystal immunosensor for sensitive detection of methamphetamine(stimulant drug) in human urine /
[ Miura, N.;H. Higobashi;G. Sakai;A. Takeyasu;T. Uda;N. Yamazoe ] / Sensors & Actuators
62 Antibody- and receptor-based biosensors for detection and process control /
[ Taylor, R.;I. G. Marenchic;R. H. Spencer ] / Anal. Chim. Acta.   DOI   ScienceOn
63 Optical biosensor assay(OBA™) /
[ Tsay, Y.;C. Lin;J. Lee;E. K. Gustafson;P. Appelqvist;P. Magginetti ] / Clin. Chem.
64 Direct immunosensing using differential electrochemical measurements of impedimetric Variations /
[ Maupas, H.;A. P. Soldatkin;C. Martelet;N. Jaffrezic;B. Mandrand ] / J. Electroanal. Chem.   DOI
65 Funtional characterization of a conducting polymer-based immunoassay system /
[ Fare, T. L.;M. D. Cabelli;S. M. Dallas;D. P. Herzog ] / Biosensors & Bioelectronics   DOI   ScienceOn
66 An amperometric enzyme-channeling immunosensor /
[ Rishpon, J.;D. Ivniski ] / Biosensors & Bioelectronics   DOI   ScienceOn
67 Langmuir-Blodgett films of immunoglobuyin IgGellipsometric study of the deposition process and of immunological activity /
[ Tronin, A.;T. Dubrovsky;C. Denitti;A. Gussoni;V. Erokhin;C. Nicolini ] / Thin Solid Films   DOI   ScienceOn
68 Monitoring of antibody-antigen reaction with affinity sensors;experiments and models /
[ Klein, M.; R. Kates;N. Chucholoski;M. Schmitt;C. Lyden ] / sensors & Actuators
69 Light scattering immunoassay /
[ Price, C. P.;D. J. Newman;Price, C. P.(ed);D. J. Newman(ed) ] / Principles and practice of immunoassay
70 HIV serology using piezoelectric immunosensors /
[ Aberl, F.;H. Wolf;C. Kosslinger;S. Drost;P. Woias;S. Koch ] / Sensors & Actuators
71 Simultaneous immunoassay using electrochemical detection of metal ion labels /
[ Hayes, F. J.;N. B. Halsall;W. R. Heineman ] / Anal. Chem.   DOI   ScienceOn
72 Optical immunosensing systems meeting the market needs /
[ Robison, G. A. ] / Biosens. Bioelectron.   DOI   ScienceOn
73 Impedance analysis of Si/SiO₂heterostructures grafted with antibodies: an approach for immunosensor development /
[ Maupas, H.;C. Saby;C. Martelet;P. Nicole;P. S. Alexey;C. Marie-Helene;D. Thierry;M. Bernard ] / J. Electroanal. Chem.   DOI
74 Direct potentiometric immunoelectrodes Ⅲ. A graphite based atrazine immunoelectrode /
[ Engel, L.;W. Baumann ] / Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.   DOI   ScienceOn
75 Experimental enzyme-linked amperometric immunosensors for the detection of salmonellas in food /
[ Brooks, J. L.;B. Mirhabibollahi;R. G. Kroll ] / J. Appl. Bacteriol.   DOI
76 Flow injection enzyme immunoassay of atrazine gerbicide in water /
[ Bjarnason, B.;N. Bousios;S. Eremin;G. Johansson ] / Anal. Chim. Acta.   DOI
77 Polyaniline label-based conductometric sensor for igG detection /
[ Sergeyeva, T. A.;N. V. Lavrik;S. A. Piletsky;A. E. Rachkov;A. V. El'skaya ] / Sensors and Actuators
78 Enzyme electrodes and their application /
[ Scheller, F.;D. Kirstein;L. Kirstein;F. Schubert;U. Wollenberger ] / PhilosTrans R Soc Lond B Biol. Sci.   DOI
79 Direct electron transfer bioelectronic interfaces;application to clinical analysis /
[ McNeil, C. J.;D. Athey;W. O. Ho ] / Biosensors & Bioelectronics   DOI   ScienceOn
80 Determination of p-aminophenol at picomolar concentrations based on recycling enzyme amplification /
[ Ghindilis, A. L.;A. Makower;C. G. Bauer;F. F. Bier;F. W. Scheller ] / Anal. Chim. Acta   DOI   ScienceOn
81 /
[ Cady, W. G. ] / Piezoelectricity
82 Integrated optical input grating couplers as biochemical sensors /
[ Nellen, P.;K. Tiefenthaler;W. Lukosz ] / Sensors Actuators   DOI   ScienceOn
83 A one-step, separationfree amperometric enzyme immunosensor /
[ Ivnitski, D.;J. Rishpon ] / Biosensors & Bioelectronics   DOI   ScienceOn
84 Problems for Improving performance in immunoassay /
[ Miyai, K.;C. P. Price ] / JIFCC
85 Multilabeling of ferrocenes to a glucose oxidasedigoxin conjugate for the development of a homegeneous electroenzymatic immunoassay /
[ Suzawa, T.;Y. Ikariyama;M. Aizawa ] / Anal. Chem.   DOI   ScienceOn
86 Probing antigen-antibody interactions on electrode supports by the biocatalyzed precipitation of an insoluble product /
[ Bardea, A.;E. Katz; I. Willner ] / Electroanalysis   DOI   ScienceOn
87 A new approach to the constrction of Potentiometric immunosensors /
[ Ghindilis, A.;O. Skorobat'ko;V. Gavrilova;A. Yaropolov ] / Biosents . Bioelectron.   DOI   ScienceOn
88 IRS devices for optical immunoassays /
[ Sutherland, R. M.;C. D. Dahne;Turner, A. P. F.(ed);Karube, I.(ed);Wilson, G. S.(ed) ] / Biosensors. Fundamentals and application
89 Investigation of specific binding of antifluorescyl antibody and FAB to fluorescein lipids in langmuirblodgett films using quartz crystal microbalances /
[ Ebato, H.;C. A. Gentry;J. N. Herron;W. Muller;Y. Okahata;H. Ringsdorf;P. A. Suci ] / Anal. Chem.   DOI   ScienceOn
90 Model experiments with intergrated optical input grating couplers as biochemical sensors /
[ Nellen, P. M.;W. Lukosz ] / Sensors Actuators
91 Development of a flow-through immunoassay system /
[ Abdel-Hamid, I.;P. Atanasov;A. L. Ghindilis;E. Wilkings ] / Sensors and Actuators
92 Determination of immunoglobulin M concentration by piezoelectric crystal immunobiosensor coated with protamine /
[ Suri, C. R.;M. Raje;G. C. Mishra ] / Biosensors & Bioelectronics   DOI   ScienceOn
93 optical chip immunoassays for hGG in human whole blood /
[ Schneider, B. H.;E. L. Dickinson;M. D. Vach;J. V. Hoijer;L. V. Howard ] / Biosensors & Bioelectronics   DOI   ScienceOn
94 Modified minolayer electrodes for electrochemical and PZ analysis;Novel immunosensor electrodes /
[ Cohen, Y.;S. Levi;S. Rubin;I. Willner ] / J. ElectroAnal. Chem.   DOI
95 Development, par pression de l'electricite polarize des crystaux hemiedries et faces inclines /
[ Curie, J.;P. Curie ] / Comp. Rend.
96 Gold electrode modification with thiolated hapten for the design of amperometric and piezoelectric immunosensors /
[ Liu, M.;Q. X. Li;G. A. Rechnitz ] / Electroanalysis   DOI   ScienceOn
97 Detection of rubella antibody using an optics immunosensor /
[ Parry, R. P.;C. A. Love;G. A. Robinson ] / J. Virol. Methods.   DOI   ScienceOn
98 Constrction and biomedical application of immunosensors based on fiber optics and enhanced chemiluminescence /
[ Starodub, N.;P. Arenkov;A. Starodub;V. Berezin ] / Optical Eng.   DOI   ScienceOn
99 Surface plasmon resonance applied to immunosensing /
[ Daniels, P.;J. Deacon;M. Eddowes;D. Pedley ] / Sensors Actuators   DOI   ScienceOn
100 Monoclonal antibody biosensor for antigen monitoring /
[ Bush, D. L.;G. A. Rechnitz ] / Anal. Lett.   DOI   ScienceOn
101 A receptor- ligand reaction studied by a novel analytical tool-the Lsoscope™ ellipsometer /
[ Stenberg, M.;H. Nygren ] / Anal. Biochem.   DOI   ScienceOn
102 Fundamentals of amperometric sensors /
[ Wilson, G. S.;Turner, A. P. F.(ed);I. Karube(ed);G. S. Wilson(ed) ] / Biosensors. Fundamentals and applications
103 Development of heterogeneous amperometric immunosensor for the determination of apolipoprotein E in serum /
[ Meusel, M.;R. Renneberg;F. Spener;G. Schmitz ] / Biosensors & Bioelectronics   DOI   ScienceOn
104 /
[ Gottschalk, A. ] / Diagnostic nuclear medicine(2nd ed)
105 Highly sensitive optical chip immunoassays in human serum /
[ Schneider, B. H.;E. L. Dickinson;M. D. Vach;J. V. Hoijer;L. V. Howard ] / Biosensors & Bioelectronics   DOI   ScienceOn
106 Utilization of Nafionmodified electrode in competitive homogeneous electrochemical immunoassay involving a redox cationic labelled hapten-phenytoin /
[ Le Gal La Salle;A. Limoges;B. Limoges;J. Y. Anizon;C. Degrand ] / J. Electroanal. Chem.   DOI
107 Immunobased elution assay for process control /
[ Beyer, K.;M. Reinecke;W. Noe;T. Scheper ] / Anal. Chim. Acta   DOI
108 Acoustic waves and the study of biochemical macromolecules and cells at the sensor-liquid interface /
[ Cavic, B. A.;G. L. Hayward;M. Thompson ] / Analyst   DOI   ScienceOn
109 Simultaneous Determination of folliclestimulating hormone and luteinzing hormone using a multi-analyte immunosensor /
[ Pritchard, D. J.;Morgan, H.;Cooper, J. M. ] / Anal. Chim. Acta.   DOI   ScienceOn
110 Capillary-based displacement flow immunosensor /
[ Narang, U.;P. R. Gauger;F. S. Ligler ] / Anal. Chem.   DOI   ScienceOn
111 Thiolated Salmonella antibody immobilization onto the gold surface of piezoelectric quartz crystal /
[ Park, I. S.;N. S. Kim ] / Biosensors & Bioelectronics   DOI   ScienceOn
112 /
[ Harlow, E.;D. Lane ] / Antibodies: A laboratory Manual
113 Detection of cocaine using the flow immunosensor /
[ Ogert, R. A.;A. W. Kusterbeck;A. Gregory;R. B. Wemhoff;R. Burke;F. S. Ligler ] / Anal. Lett.   DOI
114 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) /
[ Engvall, E.;P. Perlman ] / Quantitative assay of immunoglobulin G. Immunochemistry
115 The use of oscillators for weighting thin layers and for micro weighting /
[ Sauerbrey, G. Z. ] / Z. Phys.   DOI
116 Direct potentiometric immunoelectrodes;Ⅳ.An immunoelectrode for the trace level determination of atrazine by separate incubation and potential measurement step. /
[ Engel, L.;Baumann, W. ] / Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.   DOI   ScienceOn
117 A new approach to immunoFET operation /
[ Schasfoors, R. B.;R. P. Kooyman;Berveld, P.;J. Greve ] / Biosens. Bioelectron.   DOI   ScienceOn
118 Development of an ion-selective solid-state device for neurophysiological measurements /
[ Bergveld, P. ] / IEEE Trans Biomed. Eng.
119 Potentiometric digoxin antibody measurements with antigen-ionophorebased membrane electrodes /
[ Keating, M. Y.;G. A. Rechnitz ] / Anal. Chem.   DOI   ScienceOn
120 Amperometric enzyme sensor-based enzyme immunoassay for Factor Ⅷ-related antigen /
[ Renneberg, R.;W. Schlossler;F. Scheller ] / Anal. Lett.   DOI   ScienceOn
121 A piezoelectric immunosensor for detection of cocaine /
[ Attili, B. S.;A. A. Suleiman ] / Microchem. J.   DOI   ScienceOn
122 Assay of plasma insulin in human subjects by immunological methods /
[ Yalow, R.;S. Berson ] / Nature
123 Potentiometric microbiological assay of gentamicin, streptomycin and neomycin with a carbon dioxide gas-sensing electrode /
[ Simpson, D. L.;R. K. Kobos ] / Anal. Chem.   DOI   ScienceOn
124 A conductive polymer-based immunosensor for the analysis of pesticide residues /
[ Sandberg, R. G. ] / Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser.
125 Demonstration of an optimized evanescent field optical-fiber sensor /
[ Hale, Z. M.;F. P. Payne ] / Anal. Chim. Acta.   DOI
126 Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbed assay with electrochemical detection for <TEX>$a_1$</TEX>-acid glyco protein /
[ Doyle, M. J.;H. B. Halsall;W. R. Heineman ] / Anal. Chem.   DOI   ScienceOn
127 A new approach to the construction of potentiometric immunosensors /
[ Ghindilis, A. L.;O. W. Skorobogat'ko;V. P. Garcrilova;A. I. Yaropolov ] / Biosensors & Bioelectronics   DOI   ScienceOn
128 Bioelectrochemistry /
[ Tarasevich, M. R.;S. Srinivasan(ed);Yu. A. Chizmadzhec;J. O'M. Bockris;B. E. Conway;E. Yeager ] / Bioelectrocatalysis In Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry
129 A comparison of protocols for the optimization of detection of bacteria using a surface acoustic wave(SAW) biosensor /
[ Howe, E.;G. Harding ] / Biosensors & Bioelectronics   DOI   ScienceOn
130 A novel immunosensor for Herpes viruses /
[ Konig, B.;M. Gratzel ] / Anal. Chem.   DOI   ScienceOn
131 A fiber optic cocaine biosensors /
[ Devine, P. J.;N. A. Anis;J. Wright;S. Kim;A. T. Eldefrawi;M. E. Eldefrawi ] / Anal. Biochem.   DOI   ScienceOn
132 An assay for human chorionic gonadotrophin using the fluorescence capillary fill device /
[ Deacon, J. K.;A. M. Thompson;A. L. Page;J. E. Stops;P. R. Roberts;S. W. Whiteley ] / Biosens. Bioelectron.   DOI   ScienceOn
133 Chemiluminescent and biouminescent techniques[Review] /
[ Kricka, L. J. ] / Clin Chem.
134 Photoswitchable antigen-antibody interactions studied by impedance spectroscopy /
[ Patolsky, R.;B. Filanovsky;E. Katz;I. Willner ] / J. Phys. Chem.
135 Output grating couplers on planar waveguides as integrated optical chemical sensors /
[ Lucosz, W.;P. Nellen;C. Stamm;P. Weiss ] / Sensors Actuators
136 Electrochemical immunoassay:simple kinetic detection of alkaline phosphatase enzyme labels in limited and excess reagent systems /
[ Treloar, P. H.;A. T. Nkohkwo;J. W. Kane;D. Barber;P. M. Vadgama ] / Electroananalysis   DOI   ScienceOn
137 Antibody response of polymer membrance electrodes incorporating antigenic ionophores /
[ Bush, D. L.;G. A. Rechnitz ] / J. Membr. Sci.   DOI   ScienceOn
138 Ellipsometric immunosensors for the determination of r -interferon and human serum albumin /
[ Ruzgas, T. A.;V. T. Razumas;J. J. Kulys ] / Biosens. Bioelectron.   DOI   ScienceOn
139 Enhanced surface plasmon resonance inhibition test(ESPRIT) using latex particles /
[ Severs, A.;R. Schasfoort ] / Biosens. Bioelectron.   DOI
140 The difference interferometer;a highly sensitive probe for quantification of molecular surface concentration /
[ Fattinger, C.;H. Koller;D. Schlatter;P. Wehrli ] / Biosens. Bioelectron.   DOI   ScienceOn
141 Biosensors development /
[ Ziegler, C.;W. Gopel ] / Current Opinion in Chemical Biology   DOI   ScienceOn
142 Real time biospecific interaction analysis;the integration of surface plasmon resonance detection, general biospecific interface chemistry and microfluidics into on analytical system /
[ J˙o˙nsson, U.;M. Malmqvist ] / Advances in biosensors
143 Impedance based sensing of the the specific binding reaction between staphylococcus enterotoxin B and its antibody on an ultra-thin platinum film /
[ DeSilva, M. S.;Y. Zhang;P. J. Hesketh;G. J. Maclay;S. M. Gendel;J. R. Stetter ] / Biosens. Bioelectr.   DOI   ScienceOn
144 Method and apparatus for the detection of the binding reaction of immunoglobulins /
[ Rachkov, A. E.;M. I. Rozhko;T. A. Sergeyeva;S. A. Piletsky ] / Sensors. Actrators. B Chem.   DOI   ScienceOn
145 Detection of viruses and bacteria with piezoelectric immunosensors /
[ Konig, B.;M. Gratzel ] / Anal. Lett.   DOI
146 Development and performance of an enzyme-linked amperometric immunosensor for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus in foods /
[ Mirhabibollahi, B.;Brooks, J. L.;Kroll, R. G. ] / J. Appl. Bacteriol.   DOI
147 Fiber optic immunosensors based on chemiluminescence and their application to determine different antigens /
[ Starodub, N.;Arenkov, P.;Starodub, A.;Berezin, V. ] / Sensors Actuators B Chem.   DOI   ScienceOn
148 A disposable amperometric immunosensor for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. /
[ Kalab, T.;P. Skladal ] / Anal. Chim. Acta.   DOI   ScienceOn
149 /
[ Hernandez, G. ] / Fabry-Perot interferometers
150 Immunoreactivity of adsorbed anti-human chorionic gonadotropin studied with an optical waveguide interferometric sensor /
[ Heideman, R. G.;R. P. Kooyman;J. Greve ] / Biosens. Bioelectron.   DOI   ScienceOn
151 Biosensors and biochips: avances in biological and medical diagnostics /
[ Vo-Dinh, T.;B. Cullum ] / Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.   DOI