Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5322/JES.2011.20.2.251

CO and C3H8 Oxidations over Supported Co3O4, Pt and Co3O4-Pt Catalysts: Effect on Their Preparation Methods and Supports, and Catalyst Deactivation  

Kim, Moon-Hyeon (Department of Environmental Engineering, Daegu University)
Kim, Dong-Woo (Department of Environmental Engineering, Daegu University)
Ham, Sung-Won (Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungil University)
Publication Information
Journal of Environmental Science International / v.20, no.2, 2011 , pp. 251-260 More about this Journal
Abstract
$TiO_2$- and $SiO_2$-supported $Co_3O_4$, Pt and $Co_3O_4$-Pt catalysts have been studied for CO and $C_3H_8$ oxidations at temperatures less than $250^{\circ}C$ which is a lower limit of light-off temperatures to oxidize them during emission test cycles of gasoline-fueled automotives with TWCs (three-way catalytic converters) consisting mainly of Pt, Pd and Rh. All the catalysts after appropriate activation such as calcination at $350^{\circ}C$ and reduction at $400^{\circ}C$ exhibited significant dependence on both their preparation techniques and supports upon CO oxidation at chosen temperatures. A Pt/$TiO_2$ catalyst prepared by using an ion-exchange method (IE) has much better activity for such CO oxidation because of smaller Pt nanoparticles, compared to a supported Pt obtained via an incipient wetness (IW). Supported $Co_3O_4$-only catalysts are very active for CO oxidation even at $100^{\circ}C$, but the use of $TiO_2$ as a support and the IW technique give the best performances. These effects on supports and preparation methods were indicated for $Co_3O_4$-Pt catalysts. Based on activity profiles of CO oxidation at $100^{\circ}C$ over a physical mixture of supported Pt and $Co_3O_4$ after activation under different conditions, and typical light-off temperatures of CO and unburned hydrocarbons in common TWCs as tested for $C_3H_8$ oxidation at $250^{\circ}C$ with a Pt-exchanged $SiO_2$ catalyst, this study may offer an useful approach to substitute $Co_3O_4$ for a part of platinum group metals, particularly Pt, thereby lowering the usage of the precious metals.
Keywords
CO and $C_3H_8$ oxidations; $Co_3O_4$; Preparation method and support effects; Substitute for platinum group metals; TWCs;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Yang, W. H., Kim, M. H., 2006, Catalytic reduction of $N_{2}O\;by\;H_2$ over well-characterized Pt surfaces, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 23, 908-918.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
2 Yang, W. H., Kim, M. H., Ham, S. W., 2007, Effect of calcination temperature on the low-temperature oxidation of CO over $CoO_{x}/TiO_{2}$ catalysts, Catal. Today, 123, 94-103.   DOI
3 Kim, M. H., Nam, I. S., 2005, New opportunity for HC-SCR technology to control $NO_x$ emission from advanced internal combustion engines, in: Spivey, J. J. (ed.), Specialist Periodical Reports: Catalysis, vol. 18, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 116-185.
4 Koltsakis, G. C., Stamatelos, A. M., 1997, Catalytic automotive exhaust aftertreatment, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 23, 1-39.   DOI
5 Kreuzer, T., Lox, E. S., Lindner, D., Leyrer, J., 1996, Advanced exhaust gas aftertreatment systems for gasoline and diesel fuelled vehicles, Catal. Today, 29, 17-27.   DOI
6 Mergler, Y. J., Hoebink, J., Nieuwenhuys, B. E., 1997, CO oxidation over a $Pt/CoO_x/SiO_2$ catalysts: A study using temporal analysis of products, J. Catal., 167, 305-313.   DOI
7 Mergler, Y. J., van Aalst, A., van Delft, J., Nieuwenhuys, B. E., 1996, Promoted Pt catalysts for automotive pollution control: Characterization of $Pt/SiO_2,\;Pt/CoO_x/SiO_2,\;and\;Pt/MnO_x/SiO_2$ catalysts, J. Catal., 161, 310-318.   DOI
8 Rijkeboer, R. C., 1991, Catalysts on cars - practical experience, Catal. Today, 11, 141-150.   DOI
9 Weib, W., Barbieri, A., Van Hove, M. A., Somorjai, G. A., 1993, Surface structure determination of an oxide film grown on a foreign substrate: $Fe_3O_4$ multilayer on Pt(111) identified by low energy electron diffraction, Phys. Rev. Lett., 71, 1848-1851.   DOI
10 Skoglundh, M., Fridell, E., 2004, Strategies for enhancing low-temperature activity, Top. Catal., 28, 79-87.   DOI
11 Xie, X., Li, Y., Liu, Z. Q., Haruta, M., Shen, W., 2009, Low-temperature oxidation of CO catalysed by $Co_{3}O_{4}$ nanorods, Nature, 458, 746-749.   DOI
12 Farrauto, R. J., Heck, R. M., 1999, Catalytic converters: state of the art and perspectives, Catal. Today, 51, 351-360.   DOI
13 Johnson, M., 2010, Platinum 2009 interim review, Plat. Met. Rev., 54, 61-62.   DOI
14 Jollie, D., 2009, Platinum 2009 Interim Review, ISSN 0268-7305, Johnson Matthey Precious Metals Marketing, Hertfordshire, UK.
15 Kaspar, J., Fornasiero, P., Hickey, N., 2003, Automotive catalytic converters: current status and some perspectives, Catal. Today, 77, 419-449.   DOI
16 Kim, M. H., 2007, Current and future US Tier 2 vehicles program and catalytic emission control technologies to meet the future Tier 2 standards, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 24, 209-222.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
17 Kim, M. H., 2008, HCCI combustion engines with ultra low $CO_2\;and\;NO_x$ emissions and new catalytic emission control technology, J. Environ. Sci., 17, 1413-1419.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
18 Kim, M. H., Ebner, J. R., Friedman, R. M., Vannice, M. A., 2001, Dissociative $N_{2}O$ adsorption on supported Pt, J. Catal., 204, 348-357.   DOI
19 Kim, M. H., Ham, S. W., 2008, The formation of $Co_{n}TiO_{n+2}$ compounds in $CoO_{x}/TiO_{2}$ catalysts and their activity for low-temperature CO oxidation, J. Environ. Sci., 17, 933-941.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
20 Kim, M. H., Ebner, J. R., Friedman, R. M., Vannice, M. A., 2002, Determination of metal dispersion and surface composition in supported Cu-Pt catalysts, J. Catal., 208, 381-392.   DOI
21 Kim, M. H., Kim, K. H., Kim, D. W., H., Ham, S. W., 2008, Parametric study on the durability of $CoO_x/TiO_2$ catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation, Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Environmental Catalysis, CenTACat, Belfast, 449-449.
22 European Union (EU), 2005, Emission test cycles for the certification of light duty vehicles in Europe, Directive 90/C81/01 (amended).
23 Balenovic, M., Hoebink, J. H. B. J., Backx, A. C. P. M., Nievergeld, A. J. L., 1999, Modeling of an automotive exhaust gas converter at low temperatures aiming at control application, SAE paper No. 1999-01-3623.
24 Bosteels, D., Searles, R., 2002, Exhaust emission catalyst technology, Plat. Met. Rev., 46, 27-36.
25 Engler, B. H., Lindner, D., Lox, E. S., Ostgathe, K., Schafer-Sindlinger, A., Muller, W., 1993, Reduction of exhaust gas emissions by using hydrocarbon adsorber systems, SAE paper No. 930738.