Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5322/JES.2010.19.8.971

Identifications of Source Locations for Atmospheric Total Gaseous Mercury Using Hybrid Receptor Models  

Lee, Yong-Mi (Air Pollution Control Research Division, Climate and Air Quality Research, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Yi, Seung-Muk (Department of Environment and Public Health, Seoul National University)
Heo, Jong-Bae (Department of Environment and Public Health, Seoul National University)
Hong, Ji-Hyoung (Air Pollution Control Research Division, Climate and Air Quality Research, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Lee, Suk-Jo (Air Pollution Control Research Division, Climate and Air Quality Research, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Yoo, Chul (Air Pollution Control Research Division, Climate and Air Quality Research, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Publication Information
Journal of Environmental Science International / v.19, no.8, 2010 , pp. 971-981 More about this Journal
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to measure ambient total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations in Seoul, to analyze the characteristics of TGM concentration, and to identify of possible source areas for TGM using back-trajectory based hybrid receptor models like PSCF (Potential Source Contribution Function) and RTWC (Residence Time Weighted Concentration). Ambient TGM concentrations were measured at the roof of Graduate School of Public Health building in Seoul for a period of January to October 2004. Average TGM concentration was $3.43{\pm}1.17\;ng/m^3$. TGM had no notable pattern according to season and meteorological phenomena such as rainfall, Asian dust, relative humidity and so on. Hybrid receptor models incorporating backward trajectories including potential source contribution function (PSCF) and residence time weighted concentration (RTWC) were performed to identify source areas of TGM. Before hybrid receptor models were applied for TGM, we analysed sensitivities of starting height for HYSPLIT model and critical value for PSCF. According to result of sensitivity analysis, trajectories were calculated an arrival height of 1000 m was used at the receptor location and PSCF was applied using average concentration as criterion value for TGM. Using PSCF and RTWC, central and eastern Chinese industrial areas and the west coast of Korea were determined as important source areas. Statistical analysis between TGM and GEIA grided emission bolsters the evidence that these models could be effective tools to identify possible source area and source contribution.
Keywords
Mercury; TGM; PSCF; RTWC; Source-receptor;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Lee, D. S., Dollard, G. J., Pepler, S., 1998, Gas-phase Mercury in the Atmosphere of the United Kingdom, Atmospheric Environment, 32(5), 855-864   DOI
2 Pacyna, J., Pacyna, E., Steenhuisen, F., Wilson, S., 2003, Mapping 1995 global anthropogenic emissions of mercury, Atmospheric Environment, 37, 109-117.   DOI
3 Pacyna, E., Pacyna, J., 2002, Global Emission of Mercury from anthropogenic sources in 1995, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 137, 149-165.   DOI
4 Pacyna, E., Pacyna, J., Steenhuisen, F., Wilson, S., 2006, Global anthropogenic mercury emission inventory for 2000, Atmospheric Environment, 40(22), 4048- 4063.   DOI
5 Seibert, P., Kromp-Kolb, H., Baltensperger, U., Jost, D.T., Schwikowski, M., Kasper, A., Puxbaum, H., 1994, Trajectory analysis of aerosol measurements at High Alpine Sites. In: Borrell, P. M., Borrell, P., Cvitas, T., Seiler, W. (Eds.), Transport and Transformation of Pollutants in the Troposphere. Academic Publishing, Den Haag, 689-693.
6 U.S. EPA, 1997a, Mercury study report to Congress. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards and Office of Research and Development; EPA-452/R- 97-005; U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
7 U.S. EPA, 1997b, Locating and estimating air emissions from sources of mercury and mercury compounds (Mercury L&E); Final draft report; EPA-454/R-97- 0121997; Research Triangle Park, NC.
8 정장표, 이승훈, 2006, PSCF 모형의 개발과 제어변수의결정, 한국대기환경학회지, 22(1), 135-143.
9 한영지, 2006, 수용원 모델을 사용한 대기 중 수은 오염원의 위치 추정에 대한 연구, 한국대기환경학회지,22(2), 179-189.   과학기술학회마을
10 Ashbaugh, L. L., Malm, W. C., Sadeh, W. Z., 1985, A residence time probability analysis of sulfur concentrations at grand Canyon National Park, Atmospheric Environment. 19(8), 1263-1270.   DOI
11 Brooksrand Environmental research and development, 2003, Model III CVAFS for Mercury Operation Manual, Brooks Rand LLC, 2-28.
12 Clarkson, T., 1995, Mercury toxicity: an overview. In: National Forum on Mercury in Fish, US EPA401 M St., SW Washington, DC 20460, EPA 823-R-95- 002, 91-94.
13 Draxler, R. R., Hess, G. D., 1997, Description of the HYSPLIT 4 Modeling System, NOAA technical Memorandum ERL ARL-224, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adiministration, Washington, DC.
14 Gardfeldt, K., Sommar, J., Ferrara, R., Ceccarina, C., Lanzillotta, E., Munthe, J., Wangberg, I., Lindqvist, O., Pirrone, N., Sprovieri, F., Pesenti, E., Stromberg, D., 2003, Evasion of mercury from coastal and open waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, Atmospheric Environment, 37, 73-84.
15 Han, Y. J., Hopke, P. K., Yi, S. M., 2005, Comparison between back-trajectory based modeling and Lagrangian backward dispersion modeling for locating sources of reactive gaseous mercury, Environmental science technology, 38, 5353-5361.
16 Keeler, G. J., Landis, M. S., 1997, Lake Michigan mass balance methods compendium : Standard operating procedure for analysis of vapor phase mercury, university of Michigan air quality laboratory.
17 Kim, S. H., Han, Y. J., Holsen, T. M., Yi, S. M., 2009, Characteristics of atmospheric speciated mercury concentrations (TGM, Hg(II) and Hg(p)) in Seoul, Korea, Atmospheric Environment, 43, 3267-3274   DOI
18 박규식, 이상협, 이주형, 김정훈, 서용칠, 2008, 인위적 배출원에서 발생하는 수은화합물 배출특성 및 배출량 산정,한국대기환경학회 춘계학술대회 논문집, 289-294.   과학기술학회마을
19 국립환경과학원, 2004, 유해대기오염물질 배출량 조사및 대기 모니터링(II): 고정오염원에서의 유해대기오염물질 배출원 조사(II).
20 김민영, 김기현, 2001, 대기 중 수은의 지역적 분포특성에 대한 비교연구 - 한반도의 도심과 산악지역을 중심으로, 한국대기환경학회지, 17(1), 39-50.   과학기술학회마을
21 안명찬, 한영지, 2008, 대기 중 수은의 습식 침적 평가: 소양호를 중심으로, 한국대기환경학회지, 24(6), 693-703.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
22 이승훈, 정장표, 이승묵, 2004, 대기오염원 위치확인을 위한 PSCF 모형의 적용, 한국대기환경학회 춘계학술대회 논문집, 85-87.
23 이용미, 허종배, 이승묵, 2008, 서울시 대기 중 총 가스상수은의 농도 및 특성 분석, 한국환경보건학회지,34(1), 42-48.