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http://dx.doi.org/10.5322/JES.2004.13.7.627

Comparison of Household Trihalomethanes (THMs) Exposure Associated with Use of Municipal Tap Water Treated with Chlorine or Ozone-Chlorine  

Jo, Wan Geun (경북대학교 환경공학과)
Gwon, Gi Dong (경북대학교 환경공학과)
Dong, Jong In (서울시립대학교 환경공학부)
Jeong, Yong (연세대학교 예방의학 및 공중보건학과)
Publication Information
Journal of Environmental Science International / v.13, no.7, 2004 , pp. 627-635 More about this Journal
Abstract
Evaluated were household THMs exposure associated with the use of municipal tap water treated with chlorine and with ozone-chlorine. The current study measured the THMs concentrations in the tap water and indoor and outdoor air in the two types of household, along with an estimation of THMs exposure from water ingestion, showering, and the inhalation of indoor air. Chloroform was the most abundant THMs in all three media, yet no bromoform was detected in any sample. Contrary to previous findings, the fall water THMs concentrations exhibited no significant difference between the chlorine and ozone-chlorine treated water. However, the spring median chloroform concentration in the tap water treated with chlorine (17.6 ppb) was 1.3 times higher than that in the tap water treated with ozone-chlorine (13.4 ppb). It is suggested that the effects of the water parameters should be considered when evaluating the advantage of ozone-chlorine disinfection for THMs formation over chlorine disinfection. The indoor air THMs concentration trend was also consistent with the water concentration trend, yet the outdoor air THMs concentrations did not differ significantly between the two types of household. The indoor to outdoor air concentration ratios were comparable with previous studies. The THMs exposure estimates from water ingestion, showering, and the inhalation of indoor air suggested that, for the residents living in the surveyed households, their exposure to THMs in the home was mostly associated with their household water use, rather than the indoor air. The THMs exposure estimates from tap water ingestion were similar to those from showering.
Keywords
Chlorine; Household water use; Inhalation; Indoor air; Ozone-chlorine;
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