Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5322/JES.2002.11.4.367

The Quantitative Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs) in Sewage Sludge by Gas Chromatography-Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry  

남재작 (농업과학기술원 환경생태과)
소규호 (농업과학기술원 환경생태과)
박우균 (농업과학기술원 환경생태과)
조남준 (농촌진흥청 연구관리국)
이상학 (경북대학교 화학과)
Publication Information
Journal of Environmental Science International / v.11, no.4, 2002 , pp. 367-373 More about this Journal
Abstract
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) content in sewage sludge was determined by gas chromatography linked to ion trap mass spectrometry(GC/ITMS) with five deuterated PAHs as internal standards. The minimum detection limit was from 1.66 to 7.14 pg for individual PAH by GC/ITMS. For determining total PAHs(∑PAH) in sewage sludge 84 samples from 74 waste water treatment plants in whole country were analyzed. The average content of ∑PAH far whole samples was 3,289$\pm$3,098 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, and ranged from 142 to maximum 20,102 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg. According to the number of population of the city, the areas were classified as five regions, ie. big, large, middle, small, and rural area in which the waste water treated plants were grown. The contents of PAHs were 4,689$\pm$5,503, 5,839$\pm$6,401, 3,725$\pm$2,053, 2,237$\pm$2,069, and 2,475$\pm$1,489 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, in big, large, middle, small, and rural area, respectively.
Keywords
sewage sludge; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); GC/MS;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 US EPA, 1996, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, SW-846, Method 8270C: Semivolatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) , Washington, DC, USA.
2 US EPA, 1996, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, SW-846, Method 3540C: Soxhlet Extraction
3 US EPA, 1996， Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, SW-846, Method 3630C: Silica gel cleanup.
4 Mazzera, D., T. Hayes, D. Lowenthal and B. Zielinska, 1999, Quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil at McMurdo station, antarctica, The Science of the Total Environment, 229, 65-71   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Kim, J. H., 2000, Analysis for 16 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in sewage sludge and soil, Analytical Science & Technology(Korea), 13(3), 357-367
6 Wield, S. R., S. P. McGrath and K. C. Jones, 1990, The polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content of archived sewage sludges. Chemosphere, 20, 703-716   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Yang, S. Y. N., D. W. Connell, D. W. Hawker and S. I. Kayal, 1991, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in air, soil, and vegetation in the vicinity of an urban road- way, The Science of the Total Environment, 102, 229-240   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Bumpus, J. A., 1989, Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 55(1), 154-158   ScienceOn
9 Chiu, C.P., Y. S. Lin and B. H. Chen, 1997, Comparison of GC-MS and HPLC for overcoming matrix interferences in the analysis of PAHs in smoked food, Chromato-graphia, 44, 497-504   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Goodin， J. D., and M. D. Webber, 1995, Persistence and fate of anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene in municipal sludge treated soil, J. Environ. Qual., 24, 271-278   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Wild, S. R., K. C. Jones, 1992, Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon uptake by carrots grown in sludge-amended soil, J. Environ. Qual., 21, 217-225   DOI
12 Smith, K. E. C., M. Green, G. O. Thomas and K. C. Jones, 2001, Behavior of sewage sludge-derived PAHs on pasteur, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 2141-2150   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Schnaak, W., T. H. Kuchler, M. Kujawa, K. P. Henchel, D. SuBenbach and R. Donau, 1997, Organic contaminants in sewage sludge and their ecotoxicological significance in the agricultural utilization of sewage sludge, Chemosphere, 35, 5-11   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Goosmann, G., 1989, World water, 111-115pp
15 Keith, L. H., 1997, Environmental endocrine disrupters, A handbook of property data, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 4pp
16 Roy, J., 1997, Environmental contaminants encyclopedia, PAHs entry, National Park Service, Colorado, USA.
17 Sims, R.C., and M. R. Overcash, 1983, Fate of polynuclear aromatic compounds in soilplant systems, Residue. Rev., 88, 1-68
18 Freeman, D. J., and F. C. R. Catteil, 1990, Woodburning as source of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Environ. Sci. Technol., 24, 1581-1585   DOI
19 환경부， 2000， 환경통계연감
20 Jones, K. C., J. A. Stratford, K. S. Waterhouse, E. T. Furlong, W. Giger, R. A. Hites, C. Schaffner and A. E. Johnston, 1989, Increases in the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon content of an agricultural soil over the last century, Environ. Sci. Technol., 23(1), 95-101   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Song, J.C., M.J. Yu and D.M. Kim, 1986, A study on the composting of sewage sludge, J. Kor. Solid Wastes Engineering Society, 3(2), 121-129
22 Han, E.J., H.G. Choi, J.A. Lee, K.Y. Kim, C.K. Lee, K.H. Park and C.G. Phae, 2000, Investigation on possibility of composting by properties analysis of organic sludge composts, J. of KOWREC, 8(1), 109-120
23 EPA, 1992, Technical support document for land application of sewage sludge, EPA 822/R-93-001b
24 Phae, C.G., J.K. Cho, N.H. Kwak and D.W. Kim, 1998, A study on the evaluation of optimum treatment by analysis of sewage sludge properties, J. Kor. Solid Wastes Engineering Society, 15(3), 252-260
25 농림부， 1998, 비료공정규격， 농림부 고시 제1998-39호