Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3807/COPP.2020.4.5.434

Circuit Model for the Effect of Nonradiative Recombination in a High-Speed Distributed-Feedback Laser  

Nie, Bowen (College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology)
Chi, Zhijuan (College of Foreign Languages, Qingdao Binhai University)
Ding, Qing-an (College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology)
Li, Xiang (College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology)
Liu, Changqing (College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology)
Wang, Xiaojuan (College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology)
Zhang, Lijun (College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology)
Song, Juan (College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology)
Li, Chaofan (College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology)
Publication Information
Current Optics and Photonics / v.4, no.5, 2020 , pp. 434-440 More about this Journal
Abstract
Based on single-mode rate equations, we present an improved equivalent-circuit model for distributed-feedback (DFB) lasers that accounts for the effects of parasitic parameters and nonradiative recombination. This equivalent-circuit model is composed of a parasitic circuit, an electrical circuit, an optical circuit, and a phase circuit, modeling the circuit equations transformed from the rate equations. The validity of the proposed circuit model is verified by comparing simulation results to measured results. The results show that the slope efficiency and threshold current of the model are 0.22 W/A and 13 mA respectively. It is also shown that increasing bias current results in the increase of the relaxation-oscillation frequency. Moreover, we show that the larger the bias current, the lower the frequency chirp, increasing the possibility of extending the transmission distance of an optical-fiber communication system. The results indicate that the proposed circuit model can accurately predict a DFB laser's static and dynamic characteristics.
Keywords
Chirp characteristics; Distributed feedback laser; Equivalent circuit model; Nonradiative recombination; Rate equations;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 J. C. Cartledge and R. C. Srinivasan, "Extraction of DFB laser rate equation parameters for system simulation purposes," J. Lightwave Technol. 15, 852-860 (1997).   DOI
2 S. Kanazawa, W. Kobayashi, Y. Ueda, T. Fujisawa, K. Takahata, T. Ohno, T. Yoshimatsu, H. I shii, and H. Sanjoh, "30-km error-free transmission of directly modulated DFB laser array transmitter optical sub-assembly for 100-Gb application," J. Lightwave Technol. 34, 3646-3652 (2016).   DOI
3 Z. Deng, J. Li, M. Liao, W. Xie, and S. Luo, "InGaN/GaN distributed feedback laser diodes with surface gratings and sidewall gratings," Micromachines 10, 699 (2019).   DOI
4 M. Chen, S. Liu, Y. Shi, P. Dai, Y. Zhao, Y. Xu, T. Fang, J. Lu, B. Yang, and X. Chen, "Study on DFB semiconductor laser based on sampled moire grating integrated with grating reflector," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 56, 2200109 (2020).
5 F. Vogelbacher, M. Sagmeister, J. Kraft, X. Zhou, J. Huang, M. Li, K. J. Jiang, Y. Song, K. Unterrainer, and R. Hainberger, "Slot-waveguide silicon nitride organic hybrid distributed feedback laser," Sci. Rep. 9, 18438 (2019).   DOI
6 K. Guo, J. He, K. Yang, Z. Zhang, X. Xu, B. Du, G. Xu, and Y. Wang, "Symmetric step-apodized distributed feedback fiber laser with improved efficiency," IEEE Photonics J. 11, 1600211 (2019).
7 R. Y. Chen, Y. J. Chen, C. L. Chen, C. C. Wei, W. Lin, and Y. J. Chiu, "High-power long-waveguide 1300-nm directly modulated DFB laser for 45-Gb/s NRZ and 50-Gb/s PAM4," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 30, 2091-2094 (2018).   DOI
8 Y. Chung, "Split-step time-domain modeling of dual-mode DFB laser diode for terahertz wave generation," Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 61, 1895-1900 (2019).   DOI
9 A. Ghadimi and S. Alikhah, "Simulation and analysis of dependence of threshold current and gain of ${\lambda}/4$ shifted DFB laser through transfer matrix," J. Opt. 46, 479-485 (2017).   DOI
10 I. Fatadin, D. Ives, and M. Wicks, "Numerical simulation of intensity and phase noise from extracted parameters for CW DFB lasers," IEEE J . Quantum Electron. 42, 934-941 (2006).   DOI
11 P. Vankwikelberge, G. Morthier, and R. Baets, "CLADISS-a longitudinal multimode model for the analysis of the static, dynamic, and stochastic behavior of diode lasers with distributed feedback," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26, 1728-1741 (1990).   DOI
12 A. R. Zali, M. K. Moravvej-Farshi, and M. H. Yavari, "Small-signal equivalent circuit model of photonic crystal fano laser," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 25, 4900108 (2019).
13 M. Darman and K. Fasihi, "An equivalent circuit-level model for dual-wavelength quantum cascade lasers," Optik 136, 428-434 (2017).   DOI
14 M. Darman and K. Fasihi, "A new compact circuit-level model of semiconductor lasers: investigation of relative intensity noise and frequency noise spectra," J. Mod. Opt. 64, 1839-1845 (2017).   DOI
15 S. J. Zhang, N. H. Zhu, E. Y. B. Pun, and P. S. Chung, "Rate-equation-based circuit model of high-speed semiconductor lasers," Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 49, 539-542 (2007).   DOI
16 R. Borras, J. del Rio, C. Oriach, and J. Juliachs, "Laser diodes optical output power model," Measurement 133, 56-67 (2019).   DOI
17 L. Bjerkan, A. Royset, L. Hafskjaer, and D. Myhre, "Measurement of laser parameters for simulation of high-speed fiberoptic systems," J. Lightwave Technol. 14, 839-850 (1996).   DOI
18 M. Darman and K. Fasihi, "A new compact circuit-level model of semiconductor lasers: investigation of relative intensity noise and frequency noise spectra," J. Mod. Opt. 64, 1839-1845 (2017).   DOI
19 W. Y. Chen, S. R. Yang, and S. Liu, Optoelectronic devices circuit model and the circuit-level simulation of OEIC (National Defense Industry Press, Beijing, CN, 2001), Chapter 2.
20 R. Tucker and D. Pope, "Circuit modeling of the effect of diffusion on damping in a narrow-stripe semiconductor laser," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 19, 1179-1183 (1983).   DOI
21 J. C. Cartledge and G. S. Burley, "The effect of laser chirping on lightwave system performance," J. Lightwave Technol. 7, 568-573 (1989).   DOI
22 T. T. Shih, M. C. Lin, and W. H. Cheng, "High-performance low-cost 10-Gb/s coaxial DFB laser module packaging by conventional TO-Can materials and processes," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 1009-1016 (2006).   DOI
23 L. Bjerkan, A. Royset, L. Hafskjaer, and D. Myhre, "Measurement of laser parameters for simulation of high-speed fiberoptic systems," J. Lightwave Technol. 14, 839-850 (1996).   DOI
24 P. Salik and R. Roka, "Analysis of possibilities for numerical simulations of continuous wave DFB laser," in Proc. International Congress on Ultra Modern Telecommunications and Control Systems and Workshops (Munich, Germany, Nov. 2017), pp. 215-219.