Assessing the Refractive Index of Glass Beads for Use in Road-marking Applications via Retroreflectance Measurement |
Shin, Sang Yeol
(Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Aerospace University)
Lee, Ji In (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Aerospace University) Chung, Woon Jin (Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University) Cho, Sung-Hoon (E-Hwa Industrial Co. Ltd.) Choi, Yong Gyu (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Aerospace University) |
1 | L. A. Ivanov, D. V. Kiesewetter, N. N. Kiselev, V. I. Malyugin, and V. A. Slugin, "Measurement of retroreflection by glass beads for road marking," Proc. SPIE 6251, 62510U (2006). |
2 | T. Grosges, "Retro-reflection of glass beads for traffic road stripe paints," Opt. Mater. 30, 1549-1554 (2008). DOI |
3 | J. T. Lee, T. L. Maleck, and W. C. Taylor, "Pavement marking material evaluation study in Michigan," ITE J. Inst. Transp. Eng. 69, 44-51 (1999). |
4 | T. Schnell, F. Aktan, and Y. C. Lee, "Nighttime visibility and retroreflectance of pavement markings in dry, wet, and rainy conditions," Transp. Res. Rec. 1824, 144-155 (2003). DOI |
5 | D. M. Burns, T. P. Hedblom, and T. W. Miller, "Modern pavement marking systems: Relationship between optics and nighttime visibility," Transp. Res. Rec. 2056, 43-51 (2008). DOI |
6 | H. Fuquan, L. Shangying, and W. Shaomin, "The refractive index measurement of high refractive index glass beads," Acta Photon. Sin. 30, 753-756 (2001). |
7 | F. Sarcinelli, R. Pizzoferrato, and F. Scudieri, "Study of the refractive index of microscopic glass beads by light-refraction analysis," Appl. Opt. 36, 8999-9004 (1997). DOI |
8 | J. L. Hand and S. M. Kreidenweis, "A new method for retrieving particle refractive index and effective density from aerosol size distribution data," Aerosol. Sci. Technol. 36, 1012-1026 (2002). DOI |
9 | T. Yamaguchi, "Refractive index measurement of high refractive index glass beads," Appl. Opt. 14, 1111-1115 (1975). DOI |
10 | A. Leblance-Hotte, R. St-Gelais, and Y.-A. Peter, "Optofluidic device for high resolution volume refractive index measurement of single cell," in Proc. 16th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences (Japan, Oct. 2012), pp. 1330-1332. |
11 | R. W. Spinrad and J. F. Brown, "Relative real refractive index of marine microorganisms: a technique for flow cytometric estimation," Appl. Opt. 25, 1930-1934 (1986). DOI |
12 | S.-Y. Li, S. Qin, D.-H. Li, and Q.-H. Wang, "Using a laser source to measure the refractive index of glass beads and Debye theory analysis," Appl. Opt. 54, 9688-9694 (2015). DOI |
13 | Glass beads for traffic paint, KS L 2521, Korean Standard Association, Seoul (2017). |
14 | Standard test method for measurement of retroreflective signs using a portable retroreflectometer at a 0.2 degree observation angle, ASTM E1709-16e1, ASTM International, Pennsylvania (2016). |
15 | Standard test method for measurement of retroreflective signs using a portable retroreflectometer at a 0.5 degree observation angle, ASTM E2540-16, ASTM International, Pennsylvania (2016). |
16 | M. D. Stoudt and K. Vedam, "Retroreflection from spherical glass beads in highway pavement markings. 1: Specular reflection," Appl. Opt. 17, 1855-1858 (1978). DOI |
17 | N. M. Ravindra, P. Ganapathy, and J. Choi, "Energy gaprefractive index relations in semiconductors-An overview," Infrared Phys. Technol. 50, 21-29 (2007). DOI |
18 | E. Hecht, Optics, 4th ed. (Addison-Wesley, New York, 2002), Chapter 4. |
19 | G. Zhang, J. E. Hummer, and W. Rasdorf, "Impact of bead density on paint pavement marking retroreflectivity," Transp. Eng. J. ASCE 136, 773-781 (2010). DOI |
20 | D. Hericz, T. Sarkadi, G. Erdei, T. Lazuech, S. Lenk, and P. Koppa, "Simulation of small- and wide-angle scattering properties of glass-bead retroreflectors," Appl. Opt. 56, 3969-3976 (2017). DOI |
21 | S. Y. Shin, B.-K. Cheong, and Y. G. Choi, "Local structural environments of Ge doped in eutectic Sb-Te film before and after crystallization," J. Phys. Chem. Solids 117, 81-85 (2018). DOI |
22 | S. Y. Shin, J. I. Lee, W. J. Chung, and Y. G. Choi, "Correlations between refractive index and retroreflectance of glass beads for use in road-marking applications under wet conditions," Curr. Opt. Photon. 3, 423-428 (2019). DOI |
23 | K. Vedam and M. D. Stoudt, "Retroreflection from spherical glass beads in highway pavement markings. 2: Diffuse reflection (a first approximation calculation)," Appl. Opt. 17, 1859-1869 (1978). DOI |