Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3807/COPP.2018.2.4.308

Visible Light Communication Employing Optical Beamforming: A Review  

Kim, Sung-Man (Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyungsung University)
Publication Information
Current Optics and Photonics / v.2, no.4, 2018 , pp. 308-314 More about this Journal
Abstract
Visible light communication (VLC) is considered a strong future candidate for indoor wireless communication. However, its performance seems to be relatively unsatisfactory when compared to wireless local area network (WLAN) communication using millimeter waves. To improve the performance of VLC, numerous technologies have been proposed so far, in both electrical and optical domains. Among the proposals, optical beamforming (OB) is an optical-domain technology that can concentrate light in a specific direction or on a target spot. It can significantly improve VLC performance and can be widely used, because it does not depend on electrical modulation schemes. Therefore, this review discusses the concept, principle, and types of OB, the structure of a VLC system using OB, performance results of OB, and the combination of OB with electrical signal modulation in VLC. OB is expected to be one of the key techniques in future VLC implementations, similar to radio-frequency beamforming in millimeter-wave communication.
Keywords
Visible light communication; Optical wireless communication; Li-Fi; Optical beamforming;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Y. Hong, L.-K. Chen, and J. Zhao, "Experimental demonstration of performance-enhanced MIMO-OFDM visible light communications," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communications and Exhibition (OFC) (Los Angeles, USA, March 2017), Th1E.2.
2 X. Li, N. Bamiedakis, X. Guo, J. J. D. McKendry, E. Xie, R. Ferreira, E. Gu, M. D. Dawson, R. V. Penty, and I. H. White, "Wireless visible light communications employing feed-forward pre-equalization and PAM-4 modulation," J. Lightw. Technol. 34, 2049-2055 (2016).   DOI
3 H. Li, X. Chen, B. Huang, D. Tang, and H. Chen, "High bandwidth visible light communications based on a post-equalization circuit," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 26, 119-122 (2014).   DOI
4 G. Stepniak, M. Schuppert, and C.-A. Bunge, "Advanced modulation formats in phosphorous LED VLC links and the impact of blue filtering," J. Lightw. Technol. 33, 4413-4423 (2015).   DOI
5 S.-M. Kim and J.-B. Jeon, "Experimental demonstration of 4 $\times$ 4 MIMO wireless visible light communication using a commercial CCD image sensor," J. Inf. Commun. Converg. Eng. 10, 220-224 (2012).
6 B, Fahs, M. J. Senneca, J. Chellis, B. Mazzara, S. Ray, J. Ghasemi, Y. Miao, P. Zarkesh-Ha, V. J. Koomson, and M. M. Hella, "A meter-scale 600-Mb/s 2 $\times$ 2 imaging MIMO OOK VLC link using commercial LEDs and Si p-n photo-diode array," in Proc. Wireless and Optical Communication Conference (WOCC) (Newark, USA, April 2017).
7 I.-C. Lu, C.-H. Lai, C.-H. Yeh, and J. Chen, "6.36 Gbit/s RGB LED-based WDM MIMO visible light communication system employing OFDM modulation," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communications and Exhibition (OFC) (Los Angeles, USA, March 2017), W2A.39.
8 Y. Wang, C. Yang, Y. Wang, and N. Chi, "Gigabit polarization division multiplexing in visible light communication," Opt. Lett. 39, 1823-1826 (2014).   DOI
9 C. Chen, D. Basnayaka, and H. Haas, "Non-line-of-sight channel impulse response characterisation in visible light communications," in Proc. 2016 International Conference on Communications (ICC 2016) (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, May 2016).
10 W. Gu, M. Aminikashani, P. Deng, and M. Kavehrad, "Impact of multipath reflections on the performance of indoor visible light positioning systems," J. Lightw. Technol. 34, 2578-2587 (2016).   DOI
11 IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks-Part 15.7: Short-Range Wireless Optical Communication Using Visible Light, IEEE Std. 802.15.7, Sept. 2011.
12 S. Rajagopal, R. D. Roberts, and S.-K. Lim, "IEEE 802.15.7 visible light communication: modulation schemes and dimming support," IEEE Commun. Mag. 50, 72-82 (2012).
13 S.-M. Kim and K.-K. Kwon, "Optical wireless communication using positive real-valued orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing and optical beamforming," Opt. Eng. 56, 076105 (2017).   DOI
14 T. Fath and H. Haas, "Performance comparison of MIMO techniques for optical wireless communications in indoor environments," IEEE Trans. Commun. 61, 733-742 (2013).   DOI
15 T. Nitsche, C. Cordeiro, A. B. Flores, E. W. Knightly, E. Perahia, and J. C. Widmer, "IEEE 802.11ad: directional 60 GHz communication for multi-gigabit-per-second Wi-Fi," IEEE Commun. Mag. 52, 132-141 (2014).
16 L. Wu, Z. Zhang, J. Dang, and H. Liu, "Adaptive modulation schemes for visible light communications," J. Lightw. Technol. 33, 117-125 (2015).   DOI
17 Y. Wang, N. Chi, Y. Wang, R. Li, X. Huang, C. Yang, and Z. Zhang, "High-speed quasi-balanced detection OFDM in visible light communication," Opt. Express 21, 27558-27564 (2013).   DOI
18 T. Komine, J. H. Lee, S. Haruyama, and M. Nakagawa, "Adaptive equalization for indoor visible-light wireless communication systems," in Proc. 2005 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC 2005) (Perth, Australia, 2005), pp. 294-298.
19 P. H. Pathak, X. Feng, P. Hu, and P. Mohapatra, "Visible light communication, networking, and sensing: a survey, potential and challenges," IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts. 17, 2047-2077 (2015).   DOI
20 T. Komine and M. Nakagawa, "Fundamental analysis for visible-light communication system using LED lights," IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron. 50, 100-107 (2004).   DOI
21 C. Mekhiel and X. Fernando, "LED beam steering for Li-Fi communications," in Proc. IEEE International Workshop on Computer Aided Modelling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD) (Toronto, Canada, Oct. 2016).
22 S.-M. Kim and S.-M. Kim, "Wireless visible light communication technology using optical beamforming," Opt. Eng. 52, 106101 (2013).   DOI
23 S.-M. Kim and S.-M. Kim, "Wireless optical energy transmission using optical beamforming," Opt. Eng. 52, 043205 (2013).   DOI
24 J. Remenyi, P. Varhegyi, L. Domjan, P. Koppa, and E. Lorincz, "Amplitude, phase, and hybrid ternary modulation modes of a twisted-nematic liquid-crystal display at -400 nm," Appl. Opt. 42, 3428-3434 (2003).   DOI
25 L. Wu, Z. Zhang, and H. Liu, "Transmit beamforming for MIMO optical wireless communication systems," Wireless Pers. Commun. 78, 615-628 (2014).   DOI
26 S.-M. Kim and H.-J. Lee, "Visible light communication based on space-division multiple access optical beamforming," Chin. Opt. Lett. 12, 120601 (2014).   DOI
27 H. Shen, Y. Deng, W. Xu, and C. Zhao, "Rate maximization for downlink multiuser visible light communications," IEEE Access 4, 6567-6573 (2016).   DOI
28 S.-M. Kim, M.-W. Baek, and S. H. Nahm, "Visible light communication using TDMA optical beamforming," EURASIP J. Wireless Commun. Networking 2017, 56 (2017).   DOI