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http://dx.doi.org/10.3807/KJOP.2004.15.6.563

Characterization of refractive index profile in LiNbO3 waveguides fabricated by high temperature proton exchange method  

Shin, Myung-Jin (Enter for Photonics and RF/Microwave, Institute for Advanced Engineering)
Cho, Hyun-Ju (Enter for Photonics and RF/Microwave, Institute for Advanced Engineering)
Lee, Jae-Cheul (Enter for Photonics and RF/Microwave, Institute for Advanced Engineering)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics / v.15, no.6, 2004 , pp. 563-568 More about this Journal
Abstract
The high temperature proton exchange (HTPE) method was used to fabricate optical waveguides based on LiNbO$_3$, which gives rise to low propagation loss and high polarization extinction ratio. To characterize the refractive index distribution of the fabricated waveguides, the guided modes of each waveguide were observed using the prism coupling method and then the refractive index profile was calculated by the inverse WKB method with the least square fitting. Finally, we showed how the HTPE parameters such as the temperature of PE, the concentration of lithium additive, and the time of PE effect the refractive index profile.
Keywords
HTPE; refractive index profile; prism coupling; $LiNbO_3$ waveguide;
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